Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare case of extraskeletal ossification in the parapharyngeal region related to C2 cervical vertebra was observed in a child, without any history of trauma, inflammation or endocrinological disease. One-step surgical intervention was carried out from the side of the neck and pharynx making possible complete removal of the lesion. The girl was admitted to the hospital with dysphagia and breathing difficulties increasing in the last 6 months. During that time the child was observed in laryngological hospital departments. After the operation Horner syndrome and hypoglossal paresis developed, but presently the child is without symptoms.
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PMID:[A case of heterotopic ossification in the parapharyngeal region connected with the C2 vertebra in a 9-year-old girl]. 140 22

A 65-year old man suffering from dysphagia with aspiration was examined. ENT examination showed a Horner syndrome and cranial nerve palsy with paralysis of the soft palate and one vocal cord (palatolaryngeal hemiplegia, Avellis' syndrome). Pharyngeal manometry and videofluoroscopy depicted an asynergic swallowing with cricopharyngeal achalasia. CT scans of mediastinum, head, neck, and skull base showed no signs of abnormality. MR imaging of the brain stem demonstrated an enrichment of contrast medium in the dorsal region of the upper medulla oblongata in the level of the centre of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve. This case demonstrates an uncommon cause of dysphagia which was related to transitory brain stem ischaemia. After a period of three weeks the patients' complaints vanished as well as the clinical features. In a follow-up of MR-imaging three months later no focal enhancement of contrast medium was seen confirming the diagnosis of a brain stem ischaemic lesion.
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PMID:["Palatolaryngeal hemiplegia" in transient brain stem ischemia--a contribution to neurogenic dysphagia]. 146 69

A new orthotopic esophageal cancer model was developed by implanting fragments of xenografts of T.T human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells into the cervical esophagus of athymic rats. The rats had symptoms analogous to the human clinical course such as respiratory distress, dysphagia, vomiting of blood, or Horner syndrome, followed by death resulting from suffocation. Microscopic metastases of lymph node were observed around the tumor in 3 of 18 rats. A new cell line (T.T-1) was established from these metastases. Flow cytometry showed that T.T-1 and T.T parental cells had nearly the same surface levels of beta1-integrin, alpha2-integrin, alpha3-integrin and E-cadherin, and no expression of CD44v3, CD44v6 and alpha5-integrin. T.T-1 cells had a higher level of CD44H, however, and a greater binding efficiency to the extracellular matrix components; laminin, type IV collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin than T.T cells. Anti-CD44H antibody significantly decreased the binding efficiency of T.T-1 cells. T.T-1 cells were also significantly more invasive than T.T cells through all the extracellular matrix components except hyaluronic acid. After orthotopic implantation histological examination showed that T.T-1 tumors invaded beyond the esophageal mucosa and tracheal muscle layer and obstructed the esophagus and trachea. No invasion was observed with T.T tumors. Rats with T.T-1 or T.T tumors survived an average of 32.0 and 50.7 days, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition T.T-1 tumors expressed higher levels of CD44H mRNA than T.T tumors. In summary, our newly developed orthotopic implantation model is a valid model of esophageal cancer because it followed the same clinical course experienced by humans. Moreover, using cells derived from this model, we were able to demonstrate that CD44H is involved in esophageal cancer cell invasion.
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PMID:A novel orthotopic implantation model of human esophageal carcinoma in nude rats: CD44H mediates cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. 1130 82

A 63-year-old woman presented with an isolated axial lateropulsion as a sole manifestation of lateral medullary infarction. She had no vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, hiccup, facial/hemisensory loss, Horner syndrome, and limb ataxia. Brain MRI showed a small infarct selectively involving the most dorsolateral portion of the rostral medulla. This patient illustrates that lateral medullary infarction may present as an isolated lateropulsion. The possible mechanism of an isolated lateropulsion is described.
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PMID:Axial lateropulsion as a sole manifestation of lateral medullary infarction: a clinical variant related to rostral-dorsolateral lesion. 1250 Jun 99

We report here a case of atypical Wallenberg's syndrome due to spontaneous vertebral artery (VA) dissection. A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our department because of a sudden onset of left orbital pain. Emergency CT scan disclosed no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. Neurological examination at the time of the current admission, showed dysphagia, left soft palate palsy, hoarseness, left Horner syndrome, hypalgesia with thermohypesthesia on the right side of her face, however, hypalgesia with thermohypesthesia on the right side of her body. The diagnosis of atypical Wallenberg's syndrome was based on the above findings. MR images disclosed the infarcted lesion at the left lateral medulla depicted as high-intensity on T2-weighted & FLAIR images. We carried out conservative treatment with antiplatelet & hemodilution therapies and the blood pressure control. Left vertebral angiograms obtained 18 days after the onset, showed the segmental severe stenosis of the VA between the ramification of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and the union of the VAs. In the venous phase, retention of contrast medium in the VA and the PICA was observed. The flow rate of the parent artery was decreased. We strongly suspected that her initial symptom of left orbital pain was due to dissection of the VA itself. Three-dimensional CT angiograms obtained 30 days after the onset, demonstrated the defect of the left VA between the ramification of the left PICA and the union of the VAs. Left vertebral angiograms obtained 36 days after the onset, showed the occlusion of the VA between the ramification of the PICA and the union of the VAs. The neurological findings gradually improved and the patient was discharged. Follow up left vertebral angiograms obtained 4 months & 16 months after the onset, revealed almost no changes of left VA occlusion.
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PMID:[Atypical Wallenberg's syndrome due to spontaneous vertebral arterial dissection: case report]. 1532 42

A 51-year-old man developed sudden vertigo, right hearing loss and dysphagia. Examination revealed right Horner syndrome, spontaneous torsional-horizontal nystagmus, right central type facial palsy, dysarthria, reduced soft palate elevation without gag reflex, left hypesthesia, right dysmetria and imbalance. Audiometry and bithermal caloric tests documented right sensorineural hearing loss and canal paresis. Brain MRI and cerebral angiography documented right lateral medullary infarction from vertebral artery dissection, without involvement of other parts of the brainstem supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). This case suggests artery-to-artery embolism as a possible mechanism of isolated vertigo or hearing loss from labyrinthine infarction.
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PMID:Embolic internal auditory artery infarction from vertebral artery dissection. 1658 Jun 95

The close relationship between guttural pouches, cranial nerves, and sympathetic structures make neurologic abnormalities due to diseases of the guttural pouches (especially mycosis) possible. Recognition of epistaxis or mucopurulent nasal discharge, together with signs of dysfunction of the cranial nerves in contact with the guttural pouches, are important key points in order to consider a comprehensive evaluation of these structures and further definitive diagnosis. Diseases of the guttural pouches can also cause signs such as dysphagia, abnormal soft palate positioning, laryngeal paralysis, and Horner syndrome due to lesions in one or more of the cranial nerves or sympathetic structures involved with these functions. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is essential for treatment.
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PMID:Guttural pouch diseases causing neurologic dysfunction in the horse. 2210 44

The study aimed to evaluate the correlations between the clinical and paraclinical data in the lateral bulbar infarction, benefiting from the access to the semiologic characteristics of a group studied and the MRI angiography, without a contrast agent, through the 3D TOF technique combined with MIP, as an imaging technique for the evaluation of the arterial lesion. The study group included 20 patients with lateral bulbar infarction, 14 men, and 6 women aged between 21 and 80 years, the mean age being 56, 9 years, who were enrolled in the study in the period 2012 and 2014, following the admission in the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases. All the patients enrolled in this stage study, performed brain MRI - in the Medinst laboratory, which included the following sequences T1, T2, Flair, DWI, MRI angiography without contrast agent (3D TOF combined with MIP). The study was retrospective. Following the analysis of the 3D TOF sequences combined with MIP, it was found that in the group studied, 8 patients had damage at the level of the vertebral artery, 2 at the level of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and 10 patients presented mixed lesions of both the vertebral artery and of the PICA artery. In terms of the mechanism involved, most of the lateral bulbar infarctions were generated by arterial dissection (9 cases) and 6 cases had atheroma as etiology. Regarding the risk factors, dyslipidemia and smoking predominated in the studied group and the most common signs and symptoms were gait abnormalities, the ataxia of the limbs, dysphonia, and Horner syndrome. Abbreviations: 3D TOF = 3D time of flight angiography, MIP = maximum intensity projection, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, CT = computed tomography, FLAIR = fluid attenuated inversion recovery, DWI = diffusion weighted imaging, HTA = hypertension, DZ II = diabetes mellitus, VA = vertebral artery, PICA = posterior inferior cerebellar artery, VG = vertigo, NT = nystagmus, N/ E = nausea/ emesis, DP = dysphagia, PVP = pharyngeal/ vocal cord paresis, HS = Horner syndrome, PTH = pain/ temperature hypesthesia, LA = ipsilateral limb ataxia, GA = Gait ataxia, C-R-F = Cardiovascular risk factors, L = left, R = right.
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PMID:Correlations between the semiologic changes and the imaging aspects in the lateral bulbar infarction. 2797 32

The anterior approach to the cervical spine is commonly utilized for a variety of degenerative, traumatic, neoplastic, and infectious indications. While many potential complications overlap with those of the posterior approach, the distinct anatomy of the anterior neck also presents a unique set of hazards. We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the etiology, presentation, natural history, and management of these complications. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a PubMed search was conducted to evaluate clinical studies and case reports of patients who suffered a complication of anterior cervical spine surgery. The search specifically included articles concerning adult human subjects, written in the English language, and published from 1989 to 2019. The PubMed search yielded 240 articles meeting our criteria. The overall rates of complications were as follows: dysphagia 5.3%, esophageal perforation 0.2%, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 1.3%, infection 1.2%, adjacent segment disease 8.1%, pseudarthrosis 2.0%, graft or hardware failure 2.1%, cerebrospinal fluid leak 0.5%, hematoma 1.0%, Horner syndrome 0.4%, C5 palsy 3.0%, vertebral artery injury 0.4%, and new or worsening neurological deficit 0.5%. Morbidity rates in anterior cervical spine surgery are low. Nevertheless, the unique anatomy of the anterior neck presents a wide variety of potential complications involving vascular, aerodigestive, neural, and osseous structures.
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PMID:Complications of anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review of the literature. 3230 68