Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myotonic dystrophy or Steinert's disease may be discovered during acute respiratory failure, sometimes caused by a general anaesthetic. It complicates chronic respiratory failure which is present in almost all cases, both restrictive and obstructive, the clinical signs of which progress with the myopathy. Apart from myotonic degeneration of the respiratory muscles, a hypoventilation syndrome of central origin has been described, but the etiology of this respiratory failure is dominated by repeated aspiration pneumonia favoured by constant dysphagia and passage of food into the trachea and poor cough reflex. One should attempt to correct this.
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PMID:[Myotonic dystrophy and acute respiratory insufficiency]. 19 96

Pharyngocele is a lateral pharyngeal wall herniation located in the pyriform recess or at the vallecula. It is a rare condition and the patient complains of dysphagia, lateral cervical mass which increases in size with the Valsalva maneuver, and other symptoms of the upper digestive way. The elective diagnostic study is pharyngoesophageal swallow. We present the case report of a patient who had acute respiratory failure due to supraglottic mass occupation. The explorations are discussed and the case report is compared with those few reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Pharyngocele]. 806 68

Enlargement of the thyroid is common, especially in areas of endemic iodine deficiency. Substernal enlargement of a goitre can cause compression of several mediastinal structures. As a consequence of tracheal compression and tracheomalacia, syndromes of chronic respiratory distress occur and intercurrent upper respiratory infections may lead to acute respiratory failure. Superior vena cava syndrome secondary to compression by a substernal goitre may be complicated by venous thrombosis. Although dysphagia is the most frequent oesophageal symptom of a substernal goitre, upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 'downhill' oesophageal varices may be an initial presentation. Arterial compression or thyrocervical steal syndrome by large substernal goitres occasionally cause cerebral hypoperfusion and stroke. Recurrent and phrenic nerve palsies, as well as Horner's syndrome, occur secondary to non-malignant mediastinal goitres and may resolve after surgery. Substernal goitres rarely cause therapy-resistant pleural effusions, chylothorax and pericardial effusion. In conclusion, although cervical goitres are easily recognised, the initial presentation of mainly substernal goitres may be unusual.
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PMID:Compression syndromes caused by substernal goitres. 1019 9

A 61-year-old woman in excellent health and taking no medications presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion. She did not exhibit diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria or muscle weakness. Her condition deteriorated, and respiratory distress developed. The patient was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. A computed tomogram of her chest revealed a moderately enlarged thymus gland unsuspected on a plain x-ray film. Myasthenia gravis was diagnosed on the basis of a high acetylcholine receptor antibody titer. Treatment started with prednisolone, anticholinesterase agent, and plasma exchange. The patient underwent a thymectomy 3 weeks after her diagnosis. Her symptoms were brought under control by anticholinesterase agent and prednisolone. This case illustrates the need to consider myasthenia gravis as well as other motor-neuron disorders when evaluating individuals presenting acute respiratory failure of unknown origin.
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PMID:[Myasthenia gravis presenting as isolated respiratory failure]. 989 33

A 66-year-old man developed diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, and acute respiratory failure. The initial diagnosis was myasthenia gravis and prednisolone had been administrated for three years. Because of recurrent upper respiratory infections, prednisolone was tapered off. Two months later, auricular chondritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis appeared. He was diagnosed as having relapsing polychondritis on the basis of histological findings of the ear lobe biopsy. Reinstituted prednisolone had the effect on the auricular chondritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis, but no effect on dysphagia, hoarseness, and respiratory failure caused by the deformity of the pharynx and airway. Tracheal collapse usually causes rapid death, so early tracheostomy and the use of endotracheal prostheses have been recommended in patients with airway obstruction from relapsing polychondritis, but such surgical management can only partially open up the large airways and has no effect on smaller airways. In this case tracheostomy and endoluminal stent placement have helped improve the patient's respiratory failure, but have had little effect on its aggravation at night in the supine position. The use of BiPAP after surgical management can be an effective treatment for airway involvement in relapsing polychondritis probably because it keeps the narrowed airways from collapsing, especially at night.
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PMID:[A case of relapsing polychondritis with oculobulbar symptoms and successful treatment of respiratory failure with BiPAP]. 1065 66

We report the case of primary malignant melanoma of oesophagus in a 63-year-old man who presented with a 8-week history of dysphagia. Esophagoscopy demonstrated a polypoid mass expanding in the mid-oesophagus without causing obstruction. Based on histological and immunohistochemical studies, the diagnosis of primary esophageal malignant melanoma was made. Radical resection was not possible because of regional tumour extension at the time of diagnosis. The patient underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Death occurred 4 months later because of acute respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus]. 1259 74

Arnold-Chiari I malformation (Chiari I) is a congenital disorder characterized by caudal herniation of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The symptoms and signs include headaches precipitated by coughing or exertion, dizziness, visual or oculomotor symptoms, dysphagia, trunk or extremity dysesthesias, ataxia, and drop attacks indicating cerebellar or cervical cord lesion. The symptoms may be provoked by increased intracranial pressure. The mean age of onset of symptoms is 25 years; consequently, previously unidentified Chiari I malformations occur in military personnel. Chiari I is associated with deaths following minor trauma, with acute respiratory failure, and with transient quadriparesis occurring in contact sports. Furthermore, Chiari I symptoms may be aggravated by chiropractic manipulation. This report describes symptoms and signs of Chiari I in four military conscripts in the Finnish Defense Forces. It is important to detect Chiari I in military personnel to establish appropriate service fitness and safety for these patients.
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PMID:Arnold-Chiari malformation type I in military conscripts: symptoms and effects on service fitness. 1657 91

We reported two patients with unilateral lateral medullary infarction involving severe, long-term respiratory failure. The first patient is an 86-year-old man presenting with gait disturbance, hoarseness and dysphagia. A right lateral medullary infarction was revealed by brain MRI. On the fifth hospitalized day, acute respiratory failure occurred. His condition failed to recover, and he was still attached to a ventilator 10 months after the onset. The second patient is an 83-year-old woman mainly presenting with dysphagia. A tiny infarction in the right lateral medulla was revealed by brain MRI. On the third day after the onset, acute respiratory failure occurred, which was not changed even at 8 months later. Although the symptoms and the lesion in the medulla were quite different between two patients, dysphagia and respiratory failure occurred in both patients. Therefore, it is postulated that the lesion that causes dyspnea may be approximate to the lesion that causes dysphagia. Many previously reported cases presenting respiratory failure seemed to suffer swallowing difficulty as well. We conclude that elderly patients suffering from unilateral lateral medullary infarction with dysphagia can present respiratory failure a few days after the onset, demonstrating the need to observe them under intensive attention.
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PMID:[Two cases with unilateral lateral medullary infarction associated with central respiratory failure]. 1854 Mar 82

A case of brainstem encephalitis in a man positive for both anti-Hu and anti-Ri antibodies is reported. This case had an unusual double step evolution and progressive involvement of different CNS subdivisions at MRI. Brainstem encephalitis developed abruptly, mimicking a posterior vascular deficit with vertigo and dizziness. These symptoms transiently remitted completely after a few days to relapse acutely 1 month later with sudden loss of consciousness, followed by confusion, disorientation, dysarthria, dysphagia and reduced thermic sensation on the right side. Within another few days, the patient developed acute respiratory failure and died some weeks later. MRI was negative at the beginning but later showed a progressive ascending involvement of the brainstem and thalamus. At autopsy, this picture corresponded to lymphocytic infiltration, preferentially B cells into the perivascular spaces and T cells in the brainstem parenchyma, confirming that T cells could be the effector of cytotoxicity, probably in the presence of cooperation with B cells that were well represented in this setting.
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PMID:Double step paraneoplastic brainstem encephalitis: a clinicopathological study. 1944 98

We report a case of 73-year-old man with massive hyperostosis of the cervical spine associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), resulting in dysphagia, hoarseness and acute respiratory insufficiency. An emergency operation was performed, which involved excision of osteophytes at the level of C6-C7, compressing the trachea against enlarged sternoclavicular joints, also affected by DISH. Approximately 3 years later, the patient sustained a whiplash injury in a low impact car accident, resulting in a C3-C4 fracture dislocation, which was not immediately diagnosed because he did not seek medical attention after the accident. For the next 6 months, he had constant cervical pain, which was growing worse and eventually became associated with dysphagia and dyspnoea, ending once again in acute respiratory failure due to bilateral palsy of the vocal cords. The patient underwent a second operation, which comprised partial reduction and combined anteroposterior fixation of the fractured vertebrae. Twenty months after the second operation, mild hoarseness was still present, but all other symptoms had disappeared. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the two unusual complications of DISH are discussed.
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PMID:Two different causes of acute respiratory failure in a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and ankylosed cervical spine. 1979 18


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