Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cricopharyngeal myotomy has been used in the treatment of pharyngoesophageal diverticulum and various neurogenic, myogenic and myoneurogenic disorders. An appreciable number of patients with pseudobulbar palsy due to cerebrovascular accidents and patients with idiopathic hypertrophy of the cricopharyngeal muscle will greatly benefit from this procedure. This paper describes the indications for, and results of, 20 consecutive cricopharyngeal myotomies carried out with or without diverticulectomy. All 20 patients experienced cervical esophageal dysphagia and 55% had substantial weight loss. The most valuable investigation is roentgenography of the pharynx and esophagus, which will confirm megapharynx, hypopharyngeal stasis, weak or absent pharyngeal contractions and regurgitation. Hypertrophic cricopharyngeal muscle was demonstrated in 9 of the 20 patients. The diagnostic value of endoscopy and esophageal manometry is limited. The results were considered excellent in all patients with pharyngoesophageal diverticulum and idiopathic hypertrophy of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Marked symptomatic and objective improvement was achieved in patients with cerebrovascular accidents, vagal injuries and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the result was poor in patients with myoneurogenic disorders.
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PMID:Cricopharyngeal myotomy. 629 86

A 62-year-old patient had upper esophageal dysphagia secondary to curvature and marked lordosis of the cervical spine. Hypertrophic spurring and cervical osteophytes are known to cause difficulty in swallowing solids, but cervical lordosis is an unusual cause of upper esophageal dysphagia.
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PMID:Upper esophageal dysphagia due to marked cervical lordosis. 669 94

Hypertrophic anterior cervical osteophytes have been reported as a cause of dysphagia, with about 100 cases described in the literature; on the other hand, chronic or acute dyspnea due to edema of the laryngeal inlet or bilateral vocal cord adduction-fixation is rare. We report a 57-year-old patient with a 2-year history of dysphagia and episodic dyspnea, who suffered sudden, severe respiratory distress necessitating emergency tracheotomy. A voluminous anterior cervical osteophyte at the C5 level was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and barium swallow test and removed by an anterior approach to the cervical spine, with clinical remission. The incidence, pathogenetic mechanisms, radiological diagnosis, and surgical indications of anterior cervical osteophytes associated with dysphagia and dyspnea are discussed. We advise examining cervical spine patients with dysphagia and/or dyspnea by radiography and CT when other investigations are not conclusive for a digestive or respiratory pathology.
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PMID:Dysphagia and dyspnea due to an anterior cervical osteophyte. 1202 17

Hypertrophic scars and keloids not only pose aesthetic problems but also cause functional and anatomical dysfunction by leading to contractures and sometimes by compression of underneath structures. A 76-year-old man presented with progressive dysphagia of two months duration. Examination showed the unusual complication of a presternal hypertrophic scar, causing ischaemic necrosis of a subcutaneously-transposed colon, used for oesophageal reconstruction in a patient with inoperable carcinoma of the oesophagus. Such a complication of hypertrophic scar has never been reported in the literature.
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PMID:Ischaemic necrosis of subcutaneous colonic neoesophagus: an unusual complication of presternal hypertrophic scar. 1651 60

Anterior Cervical Hypertrophic Osteophytosis (ACHO) is a clinical entity caused by degenerative changes of the cervical spine. ACHO may also be found in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)1-3, Ankylosing Spondylitis and Post-traumatic Osteophytogenesis. In a minority of cases it may lead to oesophagical manifestations and less commonly, to respiratory complaints. The authors report the case of a 75-year-old male with a personal history of chronic tophaceous gout and chronic obstructive lung disease. The patient presented with a history of progressive worsening of dyspnoea and dysphagia (for solid food) as well as foreign body sensation at the cervical level. On general examination, the patient presented with slightly diminished breath sounds and an increased expiratory time. On rheumatologic examination, the patient had moderate limitation of all cervical movements, crepitating knees and multiple gout tophi in both hands. Cervical plain radiographs showed large anterior osteophytes at the level of C4 and C5. Flexible videobronchoscopy was also performed, showing an angle of distortion in the upper third of the tracheal wall, caused by extrinsic compression. These changes were confirmed by cervical CT scan which also documented an anterior sliding of the oesophagus due to large anterior cervical osteophytes. Videofluoroscopic swallow study revealed the presence of paradoxal contraction of the cricopharyngeal muscle. The patient was treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a skeletal muscle relaxant. Dysphagia improved but not the respiratory symptoms. Although there was indication for surgical removal of the hypertrophic osteophytes, the patient refused surgery and continues to be followed-up regularly at our outpatient clinic.
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PMID:[Tracheal stenosis by extrinsic compression: a case of anterior cervical hypertrophic osteophytosis]. 2097 45

Hypertrophic muscular dystrophy was diagnosed in a 10-month-old male Rat Terrier with hypersalivation, dysphagia, gait abnormalities, and generalized weakness. Serum creatine kinase activity was high, and electromyography revealed myotonic discharges. Histologic examination of a muscle biopsy specimen revealed muscle fiber degeneration, clusters of basophilic regenerating fibers, and endomysial fibrosis. Staining for dystrophin, a sarcolemmal protein, was decreased, compared with that in muscle specimens from clinically normal dogs. Treatment with mexiletene hydrochloride and procainamide hydrochloride resulted in temporary improvement in clinical signs, but the disease became refractory to treatment, and the dog was euthanatized. Clinical and histologic characteristics of this dystrophin deficiency-related muscular dystrophy were similar to those of X-linked muscular dystrophy in dogs, hypertrophic muscular dystrophy in cats, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans.
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PMID:Hypertrophic muscular dystrophy in a young dog. 2257 Sep