Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of primary carcinoma of the esophagus is presented that consisted of poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoma. The patient underwent endoscopic treatment, first with an Nd:YAG laser and, finally, with bougienage and the insertion of a prosthesis in order to relieve dysphagia and improve the nutritional status and quality of life. Even though it is generally uncommon for laser therapy to be chosen as a primary mode of treatment, the results obtained should permit to overcome this lack of confidence in the choice of laser treatment for small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Treatment by endoscopy. 169 67

In a group of 245 cases of primary carcinoma of the esophagus the authors found three cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Clinical and pathologic data of those patients (one female and two male; age range, 49-74 years) were analyzed. Tumors were localized in the middle third of the esophagus. One patient lived 15 months after surgery. Another is a case of early ACC who has been living 4.5 years after surgery and is without specific symptoms. The third patient had not had surgery and died 13 months after the onset of dysphagia. An autopsy showed only a locally invasive tumor growing into the surroundings of the esophagus, and regional lymph node metastases without distant parenchymal metastases. These findings support pathologic and biologic similarities between ACC of the esophagus and ACC of the salivary glands. There are synchronous tumors of the esophagus and the vital localization which makes the prognosis of ACC of the esophagus worse than ACC of the salivary glands.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus. A clinicopathologic study of three cases. 170 15

Patients with carcinoma of the esophagus continue to present late when their tumors are inoperable. This makes palliation of their dysphagia the main therapeutic aim. The Nd-YAG laser has been used in our department to treat dysphagia resulting from cancer of the esophagus since 1986. Our rapid, one-stage cannulation technique using the Nd-YAG laser in both contact and noncontact modes was applied to 35 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus with the aim of achieving rapid and safe palliation of dysphagia. During the treatment we aimed not to coagulate the tumor and await sloughing, but to vaporize the tumor and ablate as much as possible in a single session. In this way there was less need for repeat sessions to create an adequate lumen. In a small number of patients (9) who had tight strictures with no visible lumen, a pre-laser dilation was required to allow visualization of the lumen and tumor vaporization. For nondilated patients (26) we achieved a 15-mm lumen in an average of 1.6 sessions, and in the dilated patients (9) this was achieved in one session in all patients. Functional improvement occurred in 28 patients (80%). There were four minor complications and no mortality associated with the procedure.
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PMID:Safe and rapid palliation of dysphagia for carcinoma of the esophagus. 171 1

We report on 48 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus treated by hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy. The patients, aged 46 to 93 years, were considered suitable for radiotherapy on their performance status irrespective of the presence of metastases. The radiotherapy was given three times a day over 2 weeks with a minimum of 3 h between treatments. The treatment was well tolerated acutely and to date there have been no unacceptable long-term side-effects. Dysphagia was improved in 39 (81.2%) patients. Product-limit survival was 35.7%, 18.5% and 12.3% at 1, 2 and 3 years. We conclude that this regime is feasible within the normal working day, well tolerated, effective and the shorter overall treatment duration desirable.
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PMID:Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for carcinoma of the oesophagus. 171 99

Between 1979 and 1990 transhiatal oesophagectomy and reconstruction with stomach was performed in 148 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus. Ninety-seven patients were men and 51 were women; ages ranged from 21 to 88 years with a mean of 57.4 years. Dysphagia and weight loss were the usual clinical symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms was 14 weeks. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 129 patients (87.2 per cent), 18 patients (12.2 per cent) had adenocarcinoma, and one had lymphoma (0.7 per cent). In two-thirds of the patients tumours were located in the middle thoracic (50 of 148 patients) or distal thoracic oesophagus (59 of 148 patients). Three-quarters of the patients had tumours determined as stage III. The mean length of hospital stay after operation was 12.8 days. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 15 cases (10.1 per cent). Pulmonary complications other than pneumothorax were observed in 36 cases (24.3 per cent). The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 8.1 per cent (12 of 148 patients). Respiratory insufficiency was observed as the major cause of death (six of 12 patients). Mediastinitis due to necrosis of the transposed stomach in the mediastinum was the cause of death in three cases. Two-year actuarial survival rates in patients with cervical, upper, middle and lower thoracic tumours were 20, 22, 26 and 30 per cent respectively. Transhiatal oesophagectomy is safe and offers limited morbidity and mortality, although pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage in the early postoperative period still pose a significant risk, especially for elderly patients in poor condition.
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PMID:Transhiatal oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma. 176 Jul

A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is presented. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of our case and 72 other cases were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms were weight loss and dysphagia. Eighty percent were larger than 4 cm at presentation and 97% were in the mid to distal esophagus. The esophageal tumors were identical histologically to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Esophageal luminal widening on esophagram has been found to be more common in nonsquamous cell carcinomas. While rare, small cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary esophageal tumors, particularly in the presence of these findings.
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PMID:Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: case presentation and review of the literature. 184 35

Fifty patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were entered in a randomized pilot study to test the efficacy of intraluminal radiotherapy (ILRT) and concurrent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion. The median age was 65 years, with 80% having middle third lesions; in 62%, the lesions were longer than 5 cm. After external beam therapy of 50 Gy in 5 weeks, patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy. Significant improvement in dysphagia was recorded in 76% patients with complete response in 47 cases ranging from 6 to 27 months. The overall survival at 2 years was 15% with ILRT alone versus 22% with ILRT plus 5-FU infusion.
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PMID:The role of intraluminal radiotherapy and concurrent 5-fluorouracil infusion in the management of carcinoma esophagus: a pilot study. 207 98

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing either hematoporphyrin derivative or Photofrin II is proving to be an effective modality in the treatment of early superficial (ES) or advanced invasive (AI) carcinoma of the esophagus. An argon-pumped dye laser was used to deliver 630 nm light via quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel of a gastroscope after intravenous injection of photosensitizer. Between 1982 and 1989, 20 patients (ES = 6; AI = 14) were treated in this manner. Complete remission was obtained in 4 of 6 ES cases, and the mean survival after PDT alone or in combination with other therapy was 27 months. Five patients remain alive to date. In the AI group, significant remissions were obtained in 6 cases while partial remissions were observed in another 8. The mean dysphagia grade improved from 4.0 to 2.8. We conclude that PDT is efficacious in the treatment of ES esophageal cancer, where complete remission may be achieved, and as palliative therapy in advanced cases to alleviate dysphagia.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy of esophageal carcinoma. 226 47

We present our findings after 248 endoscopic intubations with the Nottingham introducer and more recently with the Dumon-Gilliard system for inoperable carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. Mortality within the first week was 7.6% decreasing to 4.3% with the Dumon-Gilliard method. Survival after 3 months was 61.5%, after 6 months 32.3%, after 1 year 4.8%. The quality of swallowing was very good in 51.5% of the cases, while 36.7% of the patients suffered from dysphagia for semisolids and 10.1% for semiliquids. Obstruction occurred in 36 cases; proximal and distal dislocations were found in four cases each. In 20 patients with esophagorespiratory fistula we had an operative mortality of 15%, but 6-month survival was 35.7% and 1 year survival was 7.1%.
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PMID:Endoscopic insertion of 248 prostheses in inoperable carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: short-term and long-term results. 244 22

The purpose of the study reported in this article was to tabulate the incidence and etiologic factors of importance in the development of strictures after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus and to analyze the outcome of patients who develop such strictures. Eighty patients were treated with radiotherapy, 50 having radical and 30 having palliative treatment. Sixty-nine patients had squamous cell carcinoma, four had adenocarcinoma, one had sarcoma, one had mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and five had undifferentiated tumors. Forty percent developed no stricture, 30% had benign fibrotic stricture, and 28% developed malignant stricture. The etiologic factors analysed included age, pretreatment swallowing score, histology and length (size) of tumor; stage of disease, dose of radiotherapy, and use of chemotherapy. None of these factors were shown to be of etiologic importance. The survival of patients who developed benign strictures was found to be significantly longer (1-year survival 88%) than those who developed no stricture (50%) or malignant stricture (19%). Using a "success score" for palliation of dysphagia, it was found that the majority of patients (71%) who developed a benign stricture had a moderately successful outcome--they were able to tolerate a full or soft diet and required dilatation with a median duration between dilatations of 5 months. Patients who developed a malignant stricture were palliated poorly by dilatation alone, and most required esophageal intubation.
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PMID:Swallowing performance after radiation therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. 245 6


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