Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes 21 infants and children with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis and associated meningomyelocele, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and hydrocephalus. Two life-threatening forms of respiratory distress are distinguished: (1) upper airway obstruction due to bilateral abductor cord paralysis and (2) apnea. Clinically significant episodes of apnea were documented in 13 infants. Ten infants had evidence of aspiration and dysphagia. Vocal cord paralysis, apnea, aspiration, and dysphagia were frequently temporally related to increased intracranial pressure.
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PMID:Respiratory obstruction and apnea in infants with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis, meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. 63 75

Vocal cord paralysis may follow intracranial operation if the vagus nerve is damaged intraoperatively. If the resulting laryngeal incompetence is severe, hoarseness, dysphagia, and aspiration may develop. This is often followed by a pneumonitis requiring chronic gastric tube feeding. Teflon vocal cord injection has been shown to restore the sphincteric action of the larynx and enable patients to phonate and swallow properly again. Nine patients underwent this procedure for chronic aspiration and hoarseness. All had vagus injury attributable to antecedent intracranial operation, and all experienced relief of their symptoms with only minor complications. Teflon vocal cord injection is advocated as a safe, effective means of managing patients with aspiration and dysphagia secondary to vagus nerve injury.
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PMID:Teflon injection for vocal cord paralysis after intracranial operation. 341 77

Vocal cord paralysis with inspiratory stridor during infancy is a well-recognized complication of the Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with myelomeningocele. Management of these symptoms, however, remains controversial. The outcome in 19 infants with symptoms managed by us during 1978-1984 was therefore reviewed. Ten infants had stridor alone at presentation (clinical grade 1), four infants also had apnea (grade 2), and five infants also had associated cyanotic spells and dysphagia (grade 3). Of 14 ventricular shunt revisions performed, seven were associated with resolution: in five of eight infants with grade 1, two of four with grade 2, and none of two with grade 3 symptoms. Of the 10 posterior fossa decompressions performed, two were associated with clinical resolution: in one of four infants with grade 1, one of two with grade 2, and none of four with grade 3 symptoms. Mortality over 6 months following onset of symptoms was absent among infants with grade 1, one with grade 2, and three with grade 3 symptoms. We propose that differences in outcome among the three groups of infants reflect differences in pathologic processes within the brain stem. We speculate that infants with grade 2 or 3 symptoms have more extensive brain stem damage, such as hemorrhage, infarction, and necrosis. Use of our classification system may be helpful in further studies on intervention modalities in these infants.
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PMID:Management of Chiari II complications in infants with myelomeningocele. 362 3

Fewer than 1% of all lymphomas involve the esophagus; however, lymphoma of the esophagus represents an important cause of dysphagia. This study reviewed all cases of biopsy-proven lymphoma involving the esophagus presenting at our institution between 1945 and 1992. Twenty-seven cases were identified. Three were primary esophageal lymphomas. Eleven percent of the cases presented Hodgkin's disease. Eighty-nine percent were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eighty-nine percent of the patients experienced dysphagia. Eleven lymphomas (41%) were located at the gastroesophageal junction, while the other 17 were in the esophagus proper. Seven of these cases occurred at relapse. Three had mediastinal adenopathy with secondary esophageal involvement. Morbidity included tracheoesophageal fistula in 22%, and surgical repair was performed in half of these cases. Vocal cord paralysis occurred in 22%, with minimal sequelae. Esophageal stricture was present in 30%, usually necessitating dilation. The presentation, diagnosis, and management of this problem are multidisciplinary.
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PMID:Lymphoma involving the esophagus. 797 96

This report describes the surgical experience gained from 32 patients with substernal goitre, operated on during January 1995 to December 1997. The material corresponds to 15.7% of the total thyroidectomies performed. The diagnosis was clinical. In spite of 65.6% of the patients being asymptomatic, breathing problems, dysphagia and hyperthyroidism were observed. The patients underwent tests of thyroid function, simple chest radiograph and computerized tomography of mediastinum. All patients underwent surgical treatment through a transverse cervical incision. Two patients (6.25%) needed median sternotomy. Vocal cord palsy (3.12%), transient hypocalcemia (6.25%) and one death due to cardiac causes (3.12%) were the complications that occurred.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of the substernal goitre. 1053 74

Vocal cord paralysis remains a frustrating condition. The etiology can be subdivided roughly into surgically induced, neoplastic and idiopathic paralysis. In the surgical group, thyroidectomy is the most common cause. In unilateral vocal cord paralysis most patients suffer from a change in voice quality described as hoarseness or breathiness with or without aspiration and dysphagia. Laryngeal examination usually reveals the paralyzed cord shorter than the normal side and mostly in the paramedian position. Endostroboscopic examination shows invariably incomplete closure of the vocal cords with marked decrease in the mucosal waves of the folds during phonation. Several procedures for vocal cord medialization such as endoscopic injection of different materials, medialization thyroplasty, arytenoids adduction and re-innervation procedures have been described in the literature. Laryngoplastic phonosurgery for surgical rehabilitation of the paralyzed vocal cord has markedly evolved over the last few decades. This is a review of patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis treated by medialization laryngoplasty at the American University of Beirut, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, between 1994 and 2003. The etiology of the paralysis, symptomatology, endostroboscopic and acoustic findings will be presented together with a description of the surgical technique.
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PMID:Medialization laryngoplasty for the treatment of unilateral vocal cord paralysis: a perceptual, acoustic and stroboscopic evaluation. 1643 70

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is defined by herpes zoster oticus and peripheral facial nerve palsy which is often associated with otalgia. The syndrome is, in rare cases, associated with other cranial nerve paralyses including the vagal nerve causing unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Vocal cord paralysis is more often seen as a symptom of various other diseases, that is, malignant tumours, neurodegenerative illness, cerebrovascular assaults, inflammatory processes or as a result of intubation or surgical procedures. The symptoms of unilateral vocal cord paralysis are mainly hoarseness, dyspnoea and dysphagia. We present a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome combined with unilateral hearing loss and left vocal cord paralysis. The patient underwent MRI, CT and a lumbar puncture causing anxiety in the patient and delaying the initiation of antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment, which is only efficient when initiated within 72 h. We hope to raise the awareness of this disease.
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PMID:Vocal cord paralysis associated with Ramsay Hunt syndrome: looking back 50 years. 2450 57

Vocal cord paralysis after tracheal intubation is rare. It causes severe hoarseness and aspiration, and delays recovery and discharge. Arytenoid cartilage dislocation and recurrent nerve paralysis are main causes of vocal cord paralysis. Physical stimulation of the tracheal tube as well as patient and surgical characteristics also contribute. Vocal cord paralysis occurs in 1 (0.07%) of 1,500 general surgery patients and on the left side in 70% of cases. It is associated with surgery/anesthesia time (two-fold, 3-6 hours; 15-fold, over 6 hours), age (three-fold, over 50 years), and diabetes mellitus or hypertension (two-fold). Symptoms resolve in 2-3 months. In adult cardiovascular surgery, vocal cord paralysis occurs in 1 (0.7-2%) of 50-100 cardiac surgery patients and 1 (8.6-32%) of 3-10 thoracic aortic surgery patients. In pediatric cardiac surgery, vocal cord paralysis occurs in 1 (0.1-0.5%) of 200-1,000 patients. We classified the severity of vocal cord paralysis as I, severe hoarseness; II, aspiration or dysphagia; and III, bilateral vocal cord paralysis, aspiration pneumonia, or the need for tracheal re-intubation or tracheotomy. We discuss the importance of informed consent for the patient and family.
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PMID:[Vocal cord paralysis associated with tracheal intubation: incidence, risk analysis, and classification of severity]. 2599 50

Carbon dioxide laser-assisted posterior cordotomy (LAPC) is an effective technique for the treatment of Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis (BVCP). For our case series we included 34 patients of BVCP from combined military hospitals of Rawalpindi, Lahore, Malir and Quetta and compiled the results of carbon dioxide LAPC which they underwent under general anesthesia between December 2009 to January 2017. Assessment of voice quality and breathing difficulty was carried out before and six weeks after the operation and graded according to scales. The complications after surgery were also noted. In the study, there were 10 (29.4%) males and 24 (70.6%) females. The mean age of the sample was 39.1 } 13.2 years. Overall, there was an improvement in breathing and mild worsening of voice quality after LAPC. The common complications after LAPC were dysphagia, revision surgery, and post-operative pain in 11.8%, 17.6%, and 17.6% respectively. The study concluded that carbon dioxide LAPC was associated with an improvement in breathing but resulted in a poor voice quality among patients with BVCP, along with a few side effects.
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PMID:Results of carbon dioxide laser-assisted posterior cordotomy in cases of bilateral vocal cord paralysis: An analysis of 34 casest. 3162 12