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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the increased incidence of tuberculosis related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in recent decades, pancreatic tuberculosis has rarely been described. We report a case of pancreatic tuberculosis in a 39-year-old African man who presented with progressive dysphagia, vomiting, weight loss and productive cough, accompanied by localized epigastric pain and one episode of melena. HIV-1 testing was positive and lymphocyte subset profile showed CD(4) count of 9/mm(3). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a cystic mass in the body of the pancreas, significant portal and retroperitoneal cystic adenopathy, and multiple cystic lesions in the spleen and liver. CT guided cyst aspiration and node biopsy detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient responded well on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy. Tuberculosis rarely involves the pancreas, probably due to the presence of pancreatic enzymes which interfere with the seeding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pancreatic tuberculosis is considered to be the result of dissemination of the infection from nearby lymphatic nodes. Endoscopic ultrasound or CT guided fine needle aspiration for cytology is the recommended diagnostic technique. Although the prognosis is good with anti-tuberculosis treatment, it could be fatal without correct diagnosis and treatment. The clinician's high index of suspicion of pancreatic tuberculosis and application of FNAB to obtain pathological evidence are extremely important to a correct diagnosis, especially in young HIV positive patients.
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PMID:Pancreatic tuberculosis in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient: a case report. 1824 Mar 54

A 7-year-old male presented with history of low-grade fever, epigastric pain and dysphagia. Ultrasound of abdomen and thorax revealed presence of paraesophageal lymphadenopathy. 'Barium swallow' and computerized tomography scan thorax with oral contrast suggested a provisional diagnosis of paraesophageal diverticulum. Esophagoscopy was normal. Endoscopic ultrasonography with biopsy confirmed tuberculosis. The patient was started on four-drug antitubercular treatment.
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PMID:Mediastinal tuberculosis presenting as traction diverticulum of the esophagus. 1972 61

The case of a 29-year-old patient with active laryngeal tuberculosis predominantly involving the epiglottis, without pulmonary disease, is presented. The predominant symptoms are dysphagia, odynophagia, and hoarseness. Laryngeal carcinoma, which shares almost the same symptoms and signs, should be ruled out immediately. Laryngeal tuberculosis is discussed with a brief literature review.
Dysphagia 2010 Sep
PMID:Primary tuberculosis involving epiglottis: a rare case report. 1978 1

A 58-year-old woman with dysphagia and hoarseness underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect the original lesion and disease spread. Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and abnormal FDG uptakes in the right tonsil and pharyngeal wall were demonstrated. CT and MRI confirmed the bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and mucosal thickening in the pharyngeal wall. On the basis of these findings, biopsy sites were selected. Pharyngeal tuberculosis was diagnosed based on culture of the biopsy specimens. 18F-FDG PET/CT contributed to clinical management in this case by detecting tuberculous lesions and showing the extent of these lesions in one examination.
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PMID:18F-FDG PET/CT findings of pharyngeal tuberculosis. 2023 84

Laryngeal tuberculosis is a rare disease. It is almost always associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. It occurs generally in adults without BCG vaccination or in cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. On laryngoscopy and imaging, it often simulates laryngeal carcinoma, and confirmation is always histological. We report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented to our hospital with dysphonia and dysphagia. Laryngoscopy revealed a lesion of the left vocal cord and the ventricular strip. CT scan found focal, regular thickening of the left vocal cord, associated with irregular thickening of the posterior laryngeal wall. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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PMID:Primary laryngeal tuberculosis mimicking laryngeal carcinoma: CT scan features. 2035 85

Pneumonia and primary lung abscesses may result from aspiration of infectious material from the oropharyngeal cavity and the upper respiratory tract. Most subjects suffer from an impaired mechanical or immunologic defense, for example alcoholism or dysphagia following stroke. The early course of the disease is uncharacteristic. Necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses and the characteristic, foul-smelling, putrid discharge only occur 8-14 days after the initial aspiration event. Although common respiratory pathogens are frequently isolated from the lower airways of these patients, anaerobic bacteria play a pivotal role in cavitary lung disease following aspiration. Anaerobic coverage is therefore a requirement for an adequate antibiotic regimen, and antibacterial activity against common respiratory pathogens appears reasonable in most cases. Aminopenicillins/beta-lactamase inhibitors, newer fluoroquinolones with anaerobic activity (moxifloxacin) and clindamycin have demonstrated equal clinical efficacy in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess. Prolonged antibiotic therapy is required in cases with extensive damage of lung tissue. Since antibiotics can provide cure in 80-90% of cases, surgical procedures are limited to severe complications, such as pleural empyema. Cavitary lung disease has a broad differential diagnosis, including aspiration of sterile gastric content (Mendelson syndrome), staphylococcal pneumonia, tuberculosis, primary carcinoma of the lung, metastases and vasculitis.
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PMID:Aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess: diagnosis and therapy of an aerobic or an anaerobic infection? 2047 71

This was an eight year (2000-2007) retrospective study of tuberculosis in patients admitted to the UMMC. A total of 131 cases were analyzed. Malays constituted the most cases, (43%), followed by Chinese (22%), Indians (17%) and others (18%). The majority of cases were within the 21-60 year old age group, which constituted 69.5% of the total. Males were more commonly affected (65%). Most cases were reported among Malaysians (83%). The majority of patients were unemployed (39%), followed by housewives (10%), laborers (9%), students (8%), shop assistants (7%), and other occupations (27%). The most common presenting complaints were prolonged productive cough, night sweats, fever, anorexia, weight loss (57%), hemoptysis (34%), and undifferentiated symptoms, such as prolonged diarrhea and dysphagia (9%). Sputum was positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 89%, but only 69% of cases had abnormal chest radiographs. The majority of patients (65%) developed no complications. The most common complications were pleural effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary fibrosis. The majority of patients (82%) suffered either from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or all 3 conditions. Regarding risk factors for tuberculosis, two were HIV positive and two were intravenous drug users. The majority of the patients (85%) did not complain of any side effects from their anti-tuberculosis treatment. Among those who did complain of side effects, the most common were nausea and vomiting (41%), drug induced hepatitis (37%), blurring of vision (11%) and skin rashes (11%). Two cases of death were reported.
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PMID:Tuberculosis: an eight year (2000-2007) retrospective study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2057 21

A 25-year old Indian exchange-student presented to our department with a three week history of dysphagia. Diagnostic evaluation by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, endosonography and chest-CT revealed a tumor-suspect ulcerative lesion at the middle esophagus, and a mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Initial histopathological evaluation of multiple esophageal tissue biopsies showed an unspecific esophagitis without signs for malignancy. A positive T-spot (R) TB assay result, together with the bronchoscopic detection of a small exophytic lesion at the right main bronchus depicting caseating epitheloid cell granulomas, provided evidence for a tuberculous etiology of the esophageal tumor. Multiple further deep submucosal biopsies were needed to finally detect epitheloid cell granulomas in the esophageal lesion. Microbacteriological or molecular tests were negative for M. tuberculosis. Tuberculostatic treatment resulted in a good response with complete remission of the esophageal lesion and the mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Esophageal tuberculosis is rare in developed countries, and its possible presence deserves consideration particularly in patients at risk.
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PMID:An unusual cause of dysphagia: esophageal tuberculosis. 2092 99

Tuberculosis in the elderly remains a health burden in Japan. Most of the elderly aged more than 70 years in Japan had become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their youth, and the elderly represent a population at a special high risk for developing tuberculosis owing to comorbidity and age-related immunosuppression. The characteristics of tuberculosis in the elderly are different from young patients. To reduce active tuberculosis in the elderly, treatment of latent tuberculosis infection for compromised host could be strengthened, however its impact might be limited. Elderly tuberculosis patients have not only clinical problems but also socioeconomic problems. Major problems of elderly tuberculosis patients are concurrent diseases, bed ridden states, necessity of nursing care, undernourished, poor adherence, and poor performance status of patients. With this symposium, we focused on the issue of tuberculosis in the elderly in Japan. The speakers were invited from various areas, including tuberculosis surveillance center, public health center and national hospital organization medical center. (1) Current trend of elderly TB: Masako OHMORI (Tuberculosis Surveillance Center, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA) Although the tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate in Japan reached 19.4 per 100,000 in 2008, the rates among the elderly (65 + yrs) were high, e.g., 29.5 of those aged 64-74 years, 64.2 of those aged 75-84 years and 97.3 of those aged 85 years and over. The proportion of those aged 65 years and over increased from 36.8% in 1987 to 56.7% in 2008. Regarding the delay of case detection among elderly TB patients, the patient's delay tended to be shorter but the doctor's delay was longer. Although most TB patients including elderly TB patients were detected upon visiting a medical institution with some symptoms, in the case of elderly TB more patients were detected as outpatients or inpatients for a disease other than TB. Among TB patients aged 65 years and over, 26.4% died within one year. (2) The issues of elderly tuberculosis--An outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis at nursing home for the elderly: Michiaki OKUMURA (Public Health Division, Public Health and Welfare Bureau, City of Osaka) I experienced a mass outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis with 8 patients (including the source of infection) and 6 latent tuberculosis infections. Five patients (including the source) of the 8, I underwent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of isolated from the sputum. Five patients showed an identical RFLP pattern. These results showed that the infection had arisen from one source. The disease of 4 patients (aged 74-103) seemed to be caused by exogenous reinfections. The elderly tend to have some complications and to be malnutrition. These factors may be risk factors of tuberculosis reinfection for elderly. (3) The community DOTS in the elderly: Yoko HASHIMOTO (Wakayama Prefecture Gobo Health Center) In Wakayama prefecture, we have established a standard assessment list of adherence for tuberculosis patients. To identify predictors of default in the elderly, we investigated assessment lists of tuberculosis patients registered in Gobo Health Center from 2004 to 2007. Factors associated with default were concurrent diseases, side effects, disability and no family support. We have developed a liaison critical pathway for tuberculosis in Gobo Health Center and Tanabe Health Center since 2007. Introducing the path, we could strengthen community medical cooperation and build a network to support adherence. Health center staff should expand the community DOTS in the elderly with establishing an effective community collaboration. (4) The clinical issue of tuberculosis in the elderly: Takeshi KAWASAKI (Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Department of Thoracic Disease, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East National Hospital) To identify the clinical issue of TB in the elderly, 139 cases were studied. There were 63 elderly cases in the 139. In the elderly TB patients, there were many cases of death and moving out, so the clinical results were poor. Some cases take much time to move out. It is important to inform doctors and people who care for the elderly that the elderly are under high risk of tuberculosis, to consider treatment for latent tuberculosis infection of high risk groups of tuberculosis, and that experts in tuberculosis, local doctors, health care center and geriatric facilities have close relation. (5) Problems and measures of tuberculosis in elderly group: Masahiro ABE (National Hospital Organization Ehime National Hospital) The percentage of the aged is high among all of tuberculosis patients, especially in the country compared to the city. I reported problems concerning tuberculosis treatment and ward management for elderly patients. During the hospitalization, the management of underlying diseases and new complications besides tuberculosis treatment is critical. Dysphagia features particularly make difficult to take anti-TB drugs and nutritional state worse. The rehabilitation of swallowing functions is effective to improve these conditions. To make discharge support more helpful, the support system, including regional cooperation path is expected to advance more widely and deeply.
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PMID:[The issue of tuberculosis in the elderly in Japan]. 2140 74

The esophageal tuberculosis is the rarest form of this infection in the gastrointestinal tract, corresponding to 0.15% of the cases. This pathology is unusual even in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis. Its clinical presentation could be easily confused with the one of esophageal carcinoma. The diagnosis is reached by demonstrating in a sample of the mucosa the presence of caseating granulomas or by finding the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sample of tissue. In the present case report 73-year-old male with dysphagia, weight loss and fever is presented. At the endoscopy an ulcerated lesion of 5 centimeters in the lower third of the esophagus that compromises 50% of the circumference is observed. In the chest x-ray there are bilateral lung infiltrates confirmed by the CT scan. A baciloscopy is done and the result is positive. At the histological analysis giant cells are found and there is evidence of tuberculous bacillus. The patient develops an intestinal obstruction secondary to chagasic megacolon. He presents a massive hemoptisis and die. The aim of this presentation is to comment a pathology rarely reported in the literature and enhance the importance of considering it according to the clinical context.
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PMID:[Esophageal tuberculosis: case report and review of the literature]. 2153 68


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