Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumomediastinum in children is diagnosed in two circumstances: cervical subcutaneous emphysema or radiological findings. The predominant symptoms are dyspnoea, stabbing chest pain, sore throat and dysphagia. Traumatic injuries and pulmonary diseases such as asthma are the most common causes of pneumomediastinum. It may rarely result from iatrogenic manoeuvres or acidocetosis. Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema is seldom reported in children. Chest X-ray films are essential investigations. The treatment is directed towards the underlying cause, with conservative management being sufficient in most cases. However, the risk of surveying of pneumothorax or tension pneumomediastinum justifies close clinical follow-up in a specialised care unit. The onset of these pathologies necessitates a more aggressive therapy by aspiration through percutaneous catheter placed in the mediastinum.
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PMID:[Pneumomediastinum in children]. 1149 20

Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum, occurring in the absence of previous disorders or provocating factors, is very rare. The predominant symptoms are retroesternal pain, dyspnea, dysphagia and neck pain. The diagnosis is established radiologically. The evolution is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. We present an unusual case of pneumomediastinum, cervical and retropharyngeal emphysema that spread to cavum; the suspected symptom was voice alteration as reported by the parents.
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PMID:[Spontaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum with voice disorders]. 1280 92

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is an uncommon disease defined as a non-traumatic presence of free air in the mediastinum, without underlying disease. We present a 13-year- old boy who was previously in a perfect health, who was presented with subcutaneous cervical emphysema, dysphagia, chest and neck pain. The chest roentgenogram revealed the presence of subcutaneous emphysema without any other abnormal findings. A computer tomography (CT) scan was obtained, and this confirmed the existence of subcutaneous cervical emphysema and also the presence of pneumomediastinum. The child's progress was uneventful and after 6 days he was discharged from the hospital in excellent clinical condition. We propose that chest CT is useful, in less obvious cases of SPM, to detect the free air in the mediastinum and probably SPM is underdiagnosed in clinical practice in the young people.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: is a chest X-ray sufficient? 1290 Jul 16

Dysphagia of greater than 48 h duration is an indication for indirect laryngoscopy and when odynophagia and otalgia occur simultaneously, the possibility of subluxation of the arytenoids demands an urgent ENT assessment. The potential seriousness of laryngeal lesions following intubation obliges us to use the smallest compatible endotracheal tube. The occurrence of pain cervical surgical emphysema and fever suggests a pharyngeal lesion necessitating the suspension of oral feeding and the initiation of antibiotic therapy with anaerobic activity, while awaiting possible surgical intervention. There is no argument to use a tooth-guard for each intubation, but tooth fragility must be researched. The incidence of nasal fossa trauma is reduced with the use of nasal packs impregnated with local anaesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor. This allows the introduction of a small flexible lubricated tube. Laryngeal mask-induced sore throat is more common than the more serious injuries. The classical technique of introducing a laryngeal mask of appropriate size (4 for women, 5 for men) in which the cuff is inflated to a leak pressure of 20 cm H(2)O reduces this frequency. The facial mask may cause injuries especially with prolonged use. The incidence of pulmonary aspiration, linked to the action of drugs, raised intra-abdominal pressure; an emergent situation or difficult intubation is decreased with the performance of the Sellick maneuver at intubation, rapid induction and the neutralization of gastric acidity. A meticulous technique of insertion of the, individualized anaesthesia, particular vigilance at the time of decurarisation and position changes and a calm awakening assure its optimal use, unless the Proseal laryngeal mask modifies this point of view.
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PMID:[Lesions to lips, oral and nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea and esophagus due to endotracheal intubation and its alternatives]. 1294 64

Pneumomediastinum and cervical emphysema usually occur following esophageal or chest trauma. Rarely do they occur as a complication of childbirth, and only approximately 200 such cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. We describe a new case, and we review the clinical picture, pathophysiology, and management of these conditions. In view of the head and neck symptoms of pneumomediastinum and cervical emphysema during labor--which include dyspnea, cough, sore throat, pain on swallowing, and dysphagia--otolaryngologists might be consulted and should therefore be aware of these conditions in order to recognize and treat them.
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PMID:Cervical emphysema secondary to pneumomediastinum as a complication of childbirth. 1470 79

Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are very rare complications resulting from blunt trauma to the head and neck. We report the case of a 40-year-old male who had been assaulted. He presented to the Emergency Department with bruises to the face and neck and complained of dysphagia. He was found to have extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the face and neck. Imaging revealed the presence of a mucosal tear in the oropharynx leading to pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. He was managed conservatively and made an uneventful recovery. This is a very rare but potentially life-threatening complication of blunt trauma to the head and neck. It poses diagnostic difficulties and treatment dilemmas, which are discussed.
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PMID:Mucosal tear in the oropharynx leading to pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum: an unusual complication of blunt trauma to the face and neck. 1676 5

The case of a nineteen year old male student who presented with marked dyspnoea, dysphagia and horseness of voice is presented. Chest examination revealed bilateral polyphonic rhonchi and the chest radiograph showed the presence of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. A diagnosis of acute severe asthma complicated with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum was made and the patient was managed conservatively on nebulized salbutamol, steroids, oxygen and chest physiotheraphy. He made a remarkable improvement and has remained in a stable clinical condition.
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PMID:Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema associated with asthma exacerbation. 1682 55

Cervicofacial emphysema is a well-known complication associated with the use of a high-speed air turbine. However, retropharyngeal emphysema or pneumomediastinum in the absence of severe trauma is rare. Immediate recognition of this phenomenon is essential to avoid life-threatening complications such as potential airway obstruction or venous air embolism. This article reports a case of gas diffusion into the mediastinum after dental preparatory treatment for a single-tooth crown. Pneumomediastinum should be considered whenever there are anamnestic data for retrosternal chest pain accompanied by dysphagia, dysphonia, or dyspnea caused by cervicofacial emphysema after dental treatment.
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PMID:Cervicofacial and mediastinal emphysema after crown preparation: a rare complication. 1745 33

A young man with a previous history of episodes of mild solid food dysphagia was admitted with a total dysphagia. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) showed an extensive disruption of mucosal layer with a cul-de-sac in the lower part of the esophagus. Soon after the procedure, the patient suffered from an acute chest pain and subsequent CT scan demonstrated an intramural circumferential dissection of thoracic esophagus, and a mediastinal emphysema. An emergency right thoracotomy was performed, followed by a total esophagectomy with esophagogastroplasty and jejunostomy. The histopathology confirmed that mucosal and submucosal layers were circumferentially detached from muscular wall and showed an eosinophilic infiltration of the whole organ with necrosis and erosions of mucosal, submucosal and muscular layers. The diagnosis was esophageal perforation in eosinophilic esophagitis.
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PMID:Circumferential mucosal dissection and esophageal perforation in a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis. 1820 76

Ecstasy is an illegal drug that has become widely used among adolescents and young adults. It is used recreationally for its stimulant and sensory-altering properties. Serious adverse effects are well documented and include arrhythmias, hyperthermia, seizures and long-term neuropsychiatric effects. A handful of previous case reports have recognised a relationship between ecstasy use and spontaneous pneumomediastinum, but an underlying mechanism has been difficult to identify. This report describes a 21-year-old man who presented with chest pain and dysphagia 1 day after using ecstasy. He was subsequently found to have both mediastinal and retropharyngeal emphysema. It is suspected that the underlying aetiology of the findings in this case was sexual intercourse.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum following ecstasy ingestion and sexual intercourse. 1821 54


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