Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Esophageal disease is a common complication in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Dysphagia, odynophagia and retrosternal pain are the most common symptons associated with the esophageal compromise. Esophageal candidiasis, the most frequent opportunistic infection, may occur in patients with long-standing infection or may be a manifestation of the seroconversion. Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus are more likely to produce esophageal ulcers or erosions. HIV itself may be responsible for ulcerative esophagitis. Neoplasms as Kaposi's sarcoma, are an infrequent cause of symptomatic disease. Barium esophagography and specially upper endoscopy are the most commonly employed diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of symptomatic patients. Endoscopy may be warranted to make a rapid diagnosis such that specific therapy will not be delayed. The use of a combination of histologic, cytologic, mycologic and virologic studies is necessary to provide an etiologic diagnosis of these lesions.
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PMID:[The compromise of esophagus in HIV/AIDS diseases]. 1470 74

Many causes of esophagitis exist in immunocompromised patients. Uncommon pathogens must be considered to facilitate timely and appropriate therapy. A limited number of cases of esophageal actinomycosis have been reported. This report describes an unusual case of esophageal actinomycosis in a patient with persistent dysphagia. The broad differential may have delayed definitive diagnosis in the case study patient. Biopsy and culture are essential for accurate diagnosis. Although actinomycosis is a rare disease, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with oral or esophageal complaints. It may also be considered as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. The treatment of choice is parenteral penicillin G, 18 to 24 million units for 2 to 6 weeks followed by oral therapy for 6-12 months.
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PMID:Actinomycosis esophagitis in a patient with persistent dysphagia. 1600 75

Dysphagia is an unusual symptom in the clinical course of lung carcinoma. When it appears, it is necessary to differentiate between regional dissemination, drug toxicity, opportunistic infection and, most rarely, metastatic dissemination to the brain stem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic option to exclude this last possibility. We present a male patient with progressive dysphagia 15 months after the diagnosis of an oat-cell lung carcinoma. Cerebral MRI revealed a pontine lesion, probably of metastatic origin.
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PMID:Pontine metastases as a cause of dysphagia in lung carcinoma. 1637 63

Actinomycosis is a granulomatous lesion caused by actinomyces species, which is an anaerobic non-spore forming gram-positive bacillus. It is a relatively uncommon disease which occurs as opportunistic infection. Most of the reported cases have underlying diseases predisposing them to actinomycosis3. This case report is presented to illustrate the necessity to exclude an underlying disease that may predispose individuals to secondary infection caused by actinomycosis. Two weeks after discharge the patient returned to hospital with symptom of dysphagia. Actinomycosis is not an uncommon disease which occurs throughout the world. Carcinoma of the oesophagus needs to be excluded in a patient with dysphagia and weight loss. Actinomycosis and carcinoma of the oesophagus may coexist in patient with dysphagia. The need for repeated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy to confirm or exclude a primary diagnosis of oesophageal actinomycosis has been endorsed by many authors.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the oesophagus masquerading as actinomycosis: a case report and a review of literature. 1818 49

Patients with HIV/AIDS are often afflicted with oesophageal disorders. Opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterial infections, Kaposi sarcoma or lymphoma involving the oesophagus, motility disorders and reflux oesophagitis are the usual culprits. Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EE), a recently recognized entity, is an important cause of dysphagia, food impaction and chest discomfort. We report the case of an HIV-infected man who had persistent dysphagia for six months despite treatment with proton pump inhibitor. He was diagnosed with EE after having endoscopic evaluation and biopsy of his oesophagus and was successfully treated with swallowed fluticasone. This case represents the first reported case of EE in an HIV-infected individual.
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PMID:Eosinophilic oesophagitis: an unsuspected aetiology for dysphagia in an HIV-positive patient. 2129 98

Whipple's disease is a rare systemic condition resulting from a chronic infection by Tropheryma whipplei. Clinical presentation can be widely heterogeneous, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, little is known about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, although several abnormalities in immune cell function have been observed. We describe the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia, odynophagia, long-lasting low-grade fever, and malabsorption syndrome who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showing esophageal candidiasis. On the same occasion, duodenal biopsies were also performed, with evidence of mucosal infiltration of periodic acid-Schiff-positive and CD68+ foamy macrophages at microscopic examination. Such findings were suggestive of Whipple's disease, as also confirmed by molecular analysis by PCR for T. whipplei. No specific risk factors were identified in our patient that could explain the occurrence of an opportunistic infection such as candida esophagitis, thus leading to the hypothesis of a direct correlation with Whipple's disease. Interestingly, a Giardia lamblia coinfection was subsequently identified, which is consistent with an underlying immune deficit although still undefined.
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PMID:Whipple's disease concomitant with candida esophagitis and subsequent Giardia lamblia coinfection. 2501 26

We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with dysphagia. She was reportedly newly diagnosed with HIV and had been initiated on antiretroviral treatment and tuberculosis (TB) prophylaxis. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an irregular, ulcerative oesophageal lesion. Subsequent histopathology revealed M ycobacterium tuberculosis as well as C andida albicans A CT scan demonstrated widespread disease with miliary TB. She was subsequently initiated on antituberculous and antifungal medications. TB is one of the most common and deadly infectious diseases in the world, with the highest rates seen in the developing countries. It commonly occurs as an opportunistic infection of HIV. Despite its potential for systemic infection, infection of the oesophagus is incredibly rare, more so as a co-infection with candida. This case highlights the need to have a high index of suspicion in high risk groups, as early treatment is crucial in addressing this global health crisis.
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PMID:Oesophageal tuberculosis with concomitant candidiasis: a rare cause of dysphagia. 3167 24


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