Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-nine unselected patients suffering from inoperable, recurrent, or residual adenocarcinoma of the stomach were referred for palliation with fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital. A full course of 1440 rads given in 12 treatments over 26 days was administered to the patients. Because of the relatively low energy (7-5 MeV) of the beam from this particular machine, it was not possible to deliver the full dose uniformly throughout the tumour except in extremely thin patients. Pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and bleeding were relieved in the majority of cases. The side effects were minimal and easily controlled. Palpable masses disappeared. Five patients required surgery after neutron therapy. All the incisions were made through irradioated tissue and all except one healed normally. Tumour was present outside the treated area, but the absence of any palpable mass within the treated area was a consistent finding. Radiologically, the stomachs remained abnormal and later changes included gross mucosal abnormality and shrinkage. Fourteen patients came to necropsy and in 10 no tumour was present macroscopocally. Tumour cells were seen in all except two cases but these were few, surrounded by dense fibrous tissue, and may not have been viable. The remaining stomach was abnormal with a thickened wall and destruction of mucosa. Three of the four cases in which macroscopic tumour was present received less than the standard dose because of the inadequate penetration of the beam. Excellent regression of tumors was achieved by the neutrons, but the stomachs did not recover from this satisfactorily. Gastrectomy four to six months after treatment is therefore suggested. This operation and other surgical procedures in other patients were successfully carried out. There is a need for higher energy neutrons to improve treatment and extend it to patients of thick-set build.
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PMID:The effects of fast neutrons on inoperable carcinoma of the stomach. 4 31

Curative resection is impossible in most patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or malignant tracheoesophageal fistulas, because of local tumor invasion or distant metastases. Optimal palliative therapy in these patients should relieve dysphagia and aspiration and restore the ability to swallow comfortably. This report describes a technique for palliation of carcinoma of the esophagus with a substernal gastric bypass after exclusion of the thoracic exophagus with the GIA surgical stapler. The results of this procedure in 10 patients with advanced malignant disease are discussed. Although postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were high, the quality of life achieved with this method of palliation was gratifying. Substernal gastric bypass of the excluded thoracic esophagus is an effective alternative to feeding tubes, prolonged radiation therapy, esophagogastrectomy, or colon bypass in patients with incurable, malignant esophageal disease.
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PMID:Substernal gastric bypass of the excluded thoracic esophagus for palliation of esophageal carcinoma. 5 64

Zenker's diverticulum is a common developmental anomaly seen usually in the elderly. Carcinoma in this pharyngoesophageal outpouching has been reported in only 23 instances. A 55-year-old woman is presented whose only symptoms were dysphagia and periodic regurgitation of bloodstained material. Barium swallow and esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a neoplasm, and biopsy revealed an epidermoid carcinoma. Wide field resection was followed by a full course of irradiation and secondary pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. The patient was free of disease at three-year follow-up.
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PMID:Carcinoma in a Zenker's diverticulum. 12 79

Synovial sarcoma of the laryngopharynx is an extremely rare neoplasm. To date, only two such cases have been reported. We describe two additional patients in whom this lesion occurred as a primary neoplasm of the laryngopharynx. Hoarseness, upper respiratory distress, and dysphagia characterize the original complaints in laryngopharyngeal synovial sarcoma. The difficulties that may be encountered in histologic diagnosis are emphasized. Our findings suggest that an aggressive surgical approach is indicated. Adjuvant therapy with irradiation and the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), may contribute to better survival rates.
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PMID:Synovial sarcoma of the laryngopharynx. 16 70

Ante mortem diagnosis of herpetic esophagitis has been made in four immunosuppressed patients with cancer. The diagnosis was made by brush cytology at the time of esophagoscopy. All four patients had severe dysphagia unresponsive to nystatin therapy and the diagnosis of herpes infection excluded the use of Amphotericin B for resistant moniliasis. The diagnosis of herpes virus infection of the esophagus has been previously made almost exclusively at post mortem examination. Herpetic esophagitis is shown to be not necessarily a preterminal complication in cancer patients. In three of the four patients the esophagitis resolved as the patients responded to anti-tumor therapy.
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PMID:Herpetic esophagitis in patients with cancer: ante mortem diagnosis by brush cytology. 18 38

Benign tumors of the esophagus are rare and require an alert suspicion for early diagnosis. These tumors may not cause symtoms before attaining large size, yet they may prove fatal when small. Because of the possibility of malignancy and their tendency to obstruct, benign tumors of the esophagus should be resected when diagnosed. This report details our experience in 20 patients with benign esophageal tumors seen at Emory University Hospital between 1955 and 1975. There were 15 men and five women in the group, ranging in age from 17 to 75 years. The tumor series included 13 leiomyomas, four cysts, two cases of multiple polyps, and one case of granular cell myoblastoma. Six of the tumors were asymptomatic; the remaining 14 had symptoms of dysphagia, pain, and hematemesis. In one instance, episodic hematemesis and melena were so severe that they produced hemorrhagic shock. Characteristic radiologic features helped in making the preoperative diagnosis in 18 of the 20 cases. Two patients had coexisting disease masking the presence of the esophageal tumor. Seventeen patients had surgical resection. There were no operative deaths and follow-up results have been satisfactory.
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PMID:Benign tumors of the esophagus: experience with 20 cases. 19 36

Neoplasms of the nasopharynx are rare in children, but they threaten the child's life when they do occur. The nasopharynx tends to harbor dysontogenetic neoplasms. After classification into benign and malignant groups, nasopharyngeal neoplasms in children can be further characterized according to the age of the patients in which the clinical manifestations usually appear. Dermoids and teratomas are the most frequently encountered neoplasms of the nasopharynx in infants and may produce airway obstruction and dysphagia. Among the benign tumors of the nasopharynx in children, the juvenile angiofibroma deserves the most attention. With the onset in puberty, these neoplasms may cause recurrent massive bleeding and orbital and intracranial complications. Evaluation of the extent of the neoplasm and the source of the blood supply has been improved with bilateral selective internal and external carotid angiography. Intracranial and orbital invasion is regarded as an indication for radiotherapy. Surgery has been made somewhat safer by preoperative estrogen therapy and angiographic embolization of the major arterial supply. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx have immunologic similarities to patients with Burkitt's lymphomia and infectious mononucleosis; The etiologic role of the Epstein-Barr virus is considered. The parts played by radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and cryosurgery in the treatment of children with carcinoma of the nasopharynx are discussed. The value of radical neck dissection after radiation therapy is critically reviewed. The prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx is better in females than in males and better in children than in adults.
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PMID:Neoplasms of the nasopharynx in children. 19 80

Three cases of granular cell tumor of the esophagus are added to the 17 previously reported in the literature. These tumors, thought to be of neural origin, are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The diagnosis should be considered in adult females presenting with an intramural mass of the proximal or distal third of the esophagus. Symptoms of dysphagia and substernal discomfort are likely to occur with lesions greater than one centimeter in diameter. Preoperative biopsy is not advised as a mistaken diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma can result.
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PMID:Granular cell tumors of the esophagus. 20 10

Soft tissue tumors containing a mixture of neoplastic fibrous tissue, cartilage, and bone have previously been classified as extraskeletal osteosarcomas in the dog. These tumors are often poorly differentiated, contain multiple neoplastic cell types, and might be more appropriately called mixed mesenchymal sarcomas. The present neoplasm caused clinical signs of stridorous respiration and dysphagia in a four and one-half year old dog. Four neoplastic cell types were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy.
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PMID:A mixed mesenchymal sarcoma in the soft palate of a dog: light and electron microscopic findings. 66 98

The clinical and diagnostic features of a secondary type of achalasia of the esophagus are described in seven patients with various types of malignancies. Patients with secondary achalasia presented with dysphagia of short duration and marked weight loss; mean age was 64 years. Esophageal manometry showed features identical to those of idiopathic primary achalasia: aperistalsis, poor lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, and elevated sphincter pressure. Endoscopy and barium swallow showed evidence of a tumor in only two cases. Various types of malignancies may produce a secondary form of achalasia that has diagnostic features identical to those of primary achalasia and is best identified by its clinical presentation.
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PMID:Achalasia secondary to carcinoma: manometric and clinical features. 68 41


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