Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A diagnosis of herpetic esophagitis was made in a patient with alcoholic liver disease by means of endoscopy and brush cytology. Herpetic esophagitis is a common cause of esophageal ulceration in severely debilitated or immunosuppressed patients especially when the esophagus is traumatized by nasogastric intubation. Dysphagia or odynophagia may occur in some but not all patients. Radiographic picture may resemble Candida esophagitis. Endoscopy, biopsy, cytology, culture and serological studies will help in making a diagnosis. Specific antiviral agents may be used for treatment but spontaneous resolution without any sequelae was documented in our patient.
 ...
PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of herpetic esophagitis. A case report. 26 40

Salivary gland dysfunction is uniformly detrimental to the oral cavity. Its effects on the GI tract have begun to be explored. Dry mouth is a common complaint among older adults, probably due to systemic disease and its therapy rather than the aging process per se. Evaluation of complaints of dry mouth should include medical history, sialometry and physical examination. Numerous medications can elicit drug-induced xerostomia. Patients who have received radiation therapy to the head and neck region often have permanent radiation-induced xerostomia, which has been linked to esophagitis. SS is an autoimmune systemic exocrinopathy resulting in irreversible salivary gland dysfunction. SS has numerous GI manifestations, including dysphagia, temporal defects of deglutition, esophageal dysmotility, gastritis, pancreatitis and liver disease. Management of salivary hypofunction is directed toward preserving the dentition and improving patient comfort. Drug-induced xerostomia is often correctable by altering the therapeutic modality.
 ...
PMID:Interactions of the salivary and gastrointestinal systems. II. Effects of salivary gland dysfunction on the gastrointestinal tract. 191 20

Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease) is a hereditary disease in which metabolic disorder of copper leads to its accumulation in the liver, brain, cornea and kidneys with consequent pathologic changes in those organs. Hereditary mechanism of the disease is autosomal recessive with prevalence of 30-100 per 1,000,000 inhabitants. Etiology of this disease is not yet explained. There are two hypotheses. The first one is that it is the disorder of ceruloplasmine metabolism caused by insufficient synthesis of normal ceruloplasmine, or synthesis of functionally abnormal ceruloplasmine. The second one is: the block of copper biliar excretion which is the consequence of the liver lysosomes functional defect. Pathogenetic mechanism of disease is firstly long-term accumulation of copper in the liver, and later, when the liver depo is full, its releasing in circulation and accumulation in the brain, cornea, kidneys and bones, which causes adequate pathologic changes. Toxic activity of copper is the consequence of its activity on enzymes, particularly on those with -SH group. There are two basic clinical forms of the disease: liver disease or neurologic disease. Before puberty the liver damage is more frequent, while in adolescents and young adults neurologic form of the disease is usual. The liver disease is nonspecific and characterized by symptoms of cirrhosis and chronic aggressive hepatitis. The only specificity is hemolytic anemia which, in combination with previous symptoms, is important for diagnosis of the disease. Neurologic symptoms are the most frequent consequence of pathologic changes in the basal ganglia. In our patients the most frequent symptoms were tremor (63%); dysarthria, choreoathetosis and rigor (38%); ataxia and mental disorders (31%); dysphagia and dystonia (12%), diplopia, hypersalivation, nystagmus and Babinski's sign (6%). Among pathologic changes in other tissues and organs the most important is the finding of Kayser-Fleischer ring in the cornea as a result of copper accumulation. Its importance for precise diagnosis is great. The diagnosis of the disease is based on anamnesis, clinical examination, specific and nonspecific laboratory tests. The therapy of choice is penicillamine. If we use it early, the result will be good remission in the majority of patients. Late diagnosis or delay in treatment cause death which is the result of bleeding from esophageal varices or basal ganglia disease. Immunologic damages caused by penicillamine demand interruption of therapy and substitution by three-ethyl-tetra-amine (TETA). We also use zinc salts and tetratiomolibdate in therapy of this disease. Pathogenesis, clinical picture and therapy of the disease are based on our own results.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatolenticular degeneration]. 226 49

Although esophagogastrectomy offers the best chance for cure and alleviation of dysphagia in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma, the operative mortality and morbidity can be prohibitively high. To investigate means for reducing the rate of surgical complication, a study was made of a six-year series of 36 procedures involving 32 esophagogastrostomies and four colon interpositions. Patient survival rates were 60 percent at one year, 40 percent at two years, and 9 percent at five years with a mean survival of 22 months. Histology of the tumor did not significantly affect prognosis. The three operative mortalities were caused by pulmonary insufficiency in one overhydrated patient, and coagulopathy in two alcoholic patients with underlying liver disease. Anastomotic leakage, the precipitating factor for the majority of operative mortalities in the recent literature, occurred in one non-fatal case. This low incidence is linked to the implementation of steps to maximize blood supply and minimize tension on the anastomosis line. Anastomotic stricture was seen and easily dilated in three patients. The five cases of intra-esophageal tumor recurrence which occurred despite tumor-free margins may have been avoided by more extensive resection.
 ...
PMID:Esophagogastrectomy. Successful palliation for esophageal carcinoma. 242 May 38

We report our experience with outpatient endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS). Fourteen patients receiving elective in patient EIS (30 patient sessions) were compared to 34 patients having elective outpatient EIS (133 patient sessions). The majority of the patients had Child's C alcoholic liver disease. There were two major complications in the 14 inpatients receiving elective EIS, one severe hemorrhage and one death, for a complication rate of 14%. There were no minor complications in this group. In the 34 patients undergoing outpatient EIS there was one major complication for a complication rate of 2.9% (bleeding) and no deaths. Minor complications in the outpatient group included chest pain in 9.0%, dysphagia without stricture in 6.0%, severe ulceration precluding EIS in 21.0%, and stricture of esophagus in 24.0%. The average cost for inpatient EIS was +1183.00 and for outpatient EIS, +339.00.
 ...
PMID:Outpatient endoscopic injection sclerosis of esophageal varices. 394 32

Symptoms related to fungal esophagitis were studied in patients with alcoholic liver disease who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Data of 517 patients were studied retrospectively (group I) and 100 alcoholic liver disease patients, that were successively admitted to hospital, were enrolled in the prospective part (group II). Out of the 41 cases with fungal esophagitis found in group I, data of 38 could be evaluated. In group II 13 of the 93 evaluable patients had fungal esophagitis; according to Kodsi's grading 10 patients had grade 1., one patient grade 2. and two patients grade 2-3. oesophagitis. There was no case with grade 4. esophagitis. The rate of symptoms among the 51 patients with fungal esophagitis was: anorexia 23 (45.0%), abdominal pain 22 (43.1%), vomiting 17 (33.3%), nausea 15 (29.4%), occult gastrointestinal bleeding 12 (23.5%), weight loss 9 (17.6%), melena 7 (13.7%), bloating 6 (11.7%), acidic regurgitation 3 (5.8%), haematemesis 2 (3.9%), thoracic pain 2 (3.9%), singultus 1 (1.9%), odynophagia 0 and dysphagia 0. In 7 patients (13.7%) none of the studied symptoms could be identified. Despite the relatively high frequency of symptom free fungal esophagitis reported in the literature, the total lack of odynophagia and dysphagia in our patient group was remarkable. In the lack of deglutition disorders the other symptoms do not raise the suspicion of esophagitis. The diagnosis in such cases can be established only by endoscopy.
 ...
PMID:[Symptoms of fungal esophagitis in alcoholic liver disease]. 1094 8

Orthotopic liver transplantation has been applied to the treatment of Wilson's disease (WD), living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) has also been indicated for WD with increasing frequency. Between January 2001 and November 2003, 22 LRLTs were performed on patients (19 pediatric, three adults) with WD in liver transplantation center. Two patients were transplanted because of a presentation coexistent with fulminant hepatic failure. Twenty presented with chronic advanced liver disease with (n = 9) or without (n = 11) associated neurologic manifestations. All the recipients had low serum ceruloplasmin levels with a mean value of 12.8 +/- 3.2 mg/dl before transplantation and increased to an average of 26.0 +/- 3.6 mg/dl after LRLT at the latest evaluation. The survival patients with neurologic manifestations such as tremor, dysarthia, dysphagia, dystonia and sialorrhea had improved after LRLT. This suggests that LRLT not only resolves the hepatic but also ameliorates the neurologic consequences of WD.
 ...
PMID:Living-related liver transplantation for Wilson's disease. 1591 Feb 88

A total of 10,000 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endosopy examination between August 1979 and October 1994 at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa. The major indications were dyspepsia (59.4%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding (18%) and liver disease (10.8%). The other indications include dysphagia (2.2%), gastric outlet obstruction (2.1%), postoperative dyspeptic symptoms (1.9%), weight loss and/or anemia (1.4%), epigastric mass (0.6%) and odynophagia 0.2%. The mean age of the patients and their sex ratio was 36 years and 2:1, respectively. Twenty eight percent of the patients had normal findings. The commonest abnormal findings include duodenal ulcer (41%), esophageal varices (9%), acute gastritis (6%), duodenitis (3.4%), and reflux esophagitis (2.3%). Benign gastric ulcer was rare. The ratio of duodenal ulcer to gastric ulcer was 19.1%. Duodenal ulcer (45.6%), esophageal varices (15.6) and acute gastritis (5.7%) were found to be the commonest causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The endoscopy or histology diagnosis of cancer in both the esophagus and stomach was 2.8% and 1.3%, respectively. The agreement between endoscopy and histology in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric cancer was 80%. There was no major complication related to endoscopy or premeditation. Endoscopy is a fairly accurate and safe procedure and therefore should be available and applied widely for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal diseases in Ethiopia.
 ...
PMID:Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a review of 10,000 cases. 1689 26

Wilson's disease (WD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder; it exhibits wide heterogeneity in symptoms and usually presents with liver disease and/ or neuropsychiatric manifestations. The common neurological manifestations observed are dysarthria, gait disturbance, dystonia, rigidity, tremor, dysphagia and chorea. The frequent psychiatric manifestations reported are personality and mood changes, depression, phobias, cognitive impairment, psychosis, anxiety, compulsive and impulsive behavior. Isolated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a rare presentation of WD. Reported herein is a case of a 17-year-old boy with isolated OCD. He presented to the psychiatrist with symptoms of contamination obsessions and washing compulsions, along with compulsion of repeated feet tapping and was treated with adequate doses of fluoxetine for 6 months but did not improve. Later on, he was diagnosed as a case of WD and showed improvement with chelating and behavior therapy. This implies the importance of the occurrence of isolated psychological symptoms in WD.
 ...
PMID:Wilson's disease presenting as isolated obsessive-compulsive disorder. 1802 47

The 12th Update in Gastroenterology and Hepatology for the Primary Care Practitioner is an annual course organized by the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the University of California, Davis, and held in beautiful Monterey, California. The course was geared towards primary care physicians, nurse practitioners and other allied health professionals. The goals of this symposium were to provide current information regarding the diagnosis and management of digestive diseases commonly seen in the primary care setting and to provide practical guidelines for disease management. Topics covered during this symposium included viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, gastroparesis and bariatric surgery. The course was organized into two sessions each morning, over 2 days, with three or four 30-min lectures. A brief question-and-answer session followed each lecture.
 ...
PMID:12th Update in Gastroenterology and Hepatology for the Primary Care Practitioner. 1907 40


1 2 Next >>