Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors are reporting a typical case of congenital varicella syndrome following maternal varicella during the 17th week of pregnancy. At birth, the newborn showed necrotic bullae on the skin that healed later with characteristic scars. Other typical anomalies, i.e. hypoplastic limbs with muscular atrophy and clubfoot, intrauterine atrophy, dysphagia and anisocoria were also found. In view of the risk of serious malformations following intrauterine varicella infection attempts should be made to prevent varicella zoster virus infection during pregnancy.
Infection
PMID:Congenital varicella syndrome. 301 95

Infection in the marrow of the temporal, occipital, and sphenoid bones is an uncommon, but increasing occurrence. It is usually secondary to infections beginning in the external auditory canal and is caused almost uniformly by the gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Technetium and gallium scintigraphy help in the early detection of such infections while CT scans demonstrate dissolution of bone in well-developed cases. Headache is the predominant symptom. Dysphagia, hoarseness, and aspiration herald the inevitable march of cranial nerves. We have diagnosed and treated 17 cases of osteomyelitis of the skull base. Although the total mortality rate is 53%, it is now a curable disease. Six of our last 8 patients remain alive, although 1 is still under treatment. Treatment is medical and requires the long-term concomitant intravenous administration of an aminoglycoside and a broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin effective against the causative organism.
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PMID:Osteomyelitis of the base of the skull. 348 33

Infections of the thyroid gland have been reported for various organisms, bacterial, parasite, fungus and virus, acute or chronic, suppurative or non-suppurative. Two rare conditions when combined are even rarer, the tuberculous abscess of the retrosternal thyroid gland, causing extrinsic pressure effect and producing dysphagia. Rapid relief of symptoms occurred after surgery and followed after antituberculous therapy.
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PMID:Tuberculous abscess of the retrosternal thyroid gland displacing the oesophagus. 726 47

Inflammatory changes of the oesophageal mucosa are in the vast majority due to reflux of gastric content. Caustic oesophagitis is rare, however, drug-induced oesophageal injury caused by delayed passage is of increasing importance. Infections by opportunistic saprophytes (candida, herpes virus) are common causes of oesophagitis in immunocompromised patients with dysphagia and odynophagia whereas specific inflammation (Crohn's disease, tuberculosis) is a rarity. Successful therapy demands precise differentiation of the different forms of oesophagitis.
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PMID:[Spectrum of esophagitis: etiology, diagnosis, therapy]. 727 52

Dysphagia or odynophagia occurs in an estimated 21% of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A causal agent can be identified in 60-90% of the cases and generally can be successfully eradicated. Oesophageal candidosis, the predominant disorder, usually responds to nitrate derivatives and amphotericine B after a 10 to 15 day cure. Ulcerations of the oesophagus is the second major cause of dysphagia in these patients and result from cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infections or unknown causes. Epstein-Barr virus infection has been suggested but is rarely demonstrated in clinical situations. Similar to other localizations in HIV-infected patients, Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas are the predominant tumours in the bowel. Infections are essentially revealed by sometimes very severe diarrhoea. Infective agents include Cryptosporidium parvum, microsporidiosae, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Isospora belli, Clostridium difficile, Salmonellae and non-tuberculous mycobacteria among others. When the search for an infective agent is negative, the diarrhoea is usually considered to be the expression of HIV infection itself. The clinical approach to HIV-related diarrhoea can be based on decision making management scheme according to the results of stool cultures or on complete exploration protocols. Whatever the diagnostic procedure, symptomatic treatment is of major importance because of the severe nutritional impact of HIV-related diarrhoea.
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PMID:[Digestive involvements in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 789 94

Infection of the larynx by Candida is rare and usually accompanies lung or disseminated candidiasis. The incidence of isolated laryngeal candidiasis (ILC) is low, although it may be underestimated. We describe 2 patients with ILC confirmed during autopsy: a 45-years-old male with pulmonary fibrosis and a 4-years-old girl with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Hoarseness and dysphagia are the most common symptoms of ILC. The most effective diagnostic technique is laryngoscopy with specimen culture and/or histopathology. Specimens usually show whitish plaques on the larynx. Most ILC patients have some associated disease and/or predisposing factors, with frequent antibiotic treatment prior to the advent of candidiasis. Intravenous amphotericin B provides the most effective therapy, although other antimycotics are also useful. Early diagnosis and initiation of therapy curtail the disease and can prevent systemic dissemination.
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PMID:[Isolated laryngeal candidiasis. Description of 2 cases and review of the literature]. 868 20

Infection by neurotropic viruses, as exemplified by the herpes family, is universally accepted as a cause of palsies of the cochleo-vestibular and facial nerve. Palsies of the vagus nerve with a possible viral etiology have been described, although viruses have been identified in only a few selected cases. We report a 52-year-old man with unilateral otalgia, hoarseness and dysphagia. Examination revealed unilateral (left-sided) pharyngeal dysfunction, and paralysis of the left vocal cord fixed in the paramedian position. A barium swallow documented dysfunction of the left pharyngeal constrictor muscles. These findings suggested the lesion to be located either at the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve or cranially. At direct laryngoscopy a smear was obtained from a 4-mm mucosal ulcer at the region of the left arytenoid cartilage. This smear demonstrated antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I by immunofluorescence. On follow-up 19 months after the initial infection there was complete remission of the paralysis of the left vocal cord and normal pharyngeal function. The demonstration of HSV type 1 antibodies from a mucosal lesion in the distribution of the superior laryngeal nerve suggests that reactivation of HSV type I was the most likely explanation for the temporary nerve palsy seen.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus type I reactivation as a cause of a unilateral temporary paralysis of the vagus nerve. 873 89

We report a 44-year-old woman who developed an atypical retro-oesophageal abscess 4 years after anterior cervical surgery with fusion (ACSF). She presented with dysphagia but no fever or definite laboratory signs of inflammation. Delayed or chronic dysphagia following Cloward's operation is usually related to graft displacement. Infection may also, more rarely, be encountered in conjunction with dysphagia, but is typically associated with a classical clinical presentation and laboratory results. We recommend that in cases of delayed dysphagia without evidence of graft migration, the possibility of retropharyngeal infection should be considered, even in the absence of clinical signs or supporting laboratory evidence. MRI in this rare delayed complication is nonspecific but suggestive, and hence represents the imaging modality of choice in such situations.
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PMID:An atypical infectious complication of anterior cervical surgery. 914 77

Laryngocele is an unusual laryngeal disease caused by an abnormal dilatation of the saccule of the laryngeal ventricule. Infection results in laryngopyocele. We report a case of laryngopyocele discovered in a patient presenting with fever, an inflammatory mass, dysphagia and minimal respiratory distress. Diagnosis was established from direct laryngoscopy and CT-scan. Early treatment consisted in antibiotics and needle aspiration followed by external excision. Laryngopyocele can sometimes be revealed by an episode of acute respiratory distress requiring tracheotomy. If there is no respiratory distress and if the infection is cured, endoscopic treatment with or without laser can be performed for internal laryngocele. The cervical approach can only be recommended for external or combined laryngocele.
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PMID:[Pyolaryngocele: case report of an uncommon laryngeal disease]. 1167 47

The eradication of oesophageal varices by binding became the best traitment for the bleeding by rupture of the verices. She tends to substitute the sclerosis because of her fast delay of eradication and her fewer complications and gravity. The incidence of complications after the binding vary between 3.3 and 11%. The most frequent complication is the appearance of oesophageal ulcers that sometimes causes bleeding. A dysphagia can happen within a few hours after the binding. Infections are rare. We report two cases of pharyngeal mucosae binding occurring during the binding of the varices.
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PMID:[Ligation of oropharyngeal mucosa: a rare complication of ligation of esophageal varices. Two case reports]. 1263 71


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