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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contact ulcer granuloma has a multifactorial etiology but vocal abuse is considered the most important etiological factor. Some other possible factors are well-known: tuberculosis, allergies, hormonal or autonomic imbalance, psychosomatic influences, reflux-esophagitis, pathological conditions of the nose, nasal accessory sinus, tonsils. Constitutional factors play also an important role. The symptoms range from mild huskiness to severe hoarseness with pain extending to the ear, dysphagia, sometimes hemoptysis and chronic cough. Failure to recognize the pathological features of this frequently overlooked lesion leads to diagnosis of larynx cancer, angiosarcoma or hemangioma. Indication for microsurgical removal is only severe dyspnea by size of mass or if the dignity is not clear, because any surgical procedure has only temporary value and does not eliminate the etiological factors. The dignity can normally be proved by stroboscope. Vocal rehabilitation and re-education are an essential appropriate means of treatment for this disease if other causative factors are excluded.
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PMID:[Contact granuloma: symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, therapy]. 157 50

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in five young to middle-aged cats of mixed breeding. Three of the cats were male and two were female. Historic signs included lethargy (n = 5), anorexia (n = 5), muscle tremors (n = 4), weakness (n = 4), generalized seizures (n = 3), ataxia (n = 3), mental dullness or disorientation (n = 3), panting (n = 2), pruritus (n = 1), ptyalism (n = 1) and dysphagia (n = 1). Weakness (n = 4), dehydration (n = 2), cataracts (n = 2), hypothermia (n = 1), and bradycardia (n = 1) were found on physical examination. Results of electrocardiography revealed a prolonged Q-T interval in two cats. Results of initial laboratory tests revealed profound hypocalcemia and severe hyperphosphatemia with normal renal function. The diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism was made on the basis of the history, clinical signs, and results serum biochemical testing (i.e., severe hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia); in two cats, the diagnosis was also confirmed by histologic examination of parathyroid glands. Initial treatment included intravenous administration of 10% calcium gluconate and oral administration of large loading doses of calcium and vitamin D (dihydrotachysterol). Successful long-term management with dihydrotachysterol and calcium was achieved in all cats. The final dosage of dihydrotachysterol required to maintain normocalcemia in the five cats ranged from 0.004 to 0.04 mg/kg/day (mean = 0.015 mg/kg/day). Long-term calcium supplementation was given to three of the cats in dosages ranging from 29 to 53 mg/kg/day (mean = 42 mg/kg/day) of elemental calcium. One cat died after 28 months of therapy from widely metastatic hemangiosarcoma; the other three cats are still alive and well after 5 to 37 months of treatment.
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PMID:Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in five cats. 202 14

Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract include arterio-venous malformations as angiodysplasia and Dieulafoy's lesion, venous ectasias (multiple phlebectasias and haemorroids), teleangiectasias which can be associated with hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT), Turner's syndrome and systemic sclerosis, haemangioma's, angiosarcoma's and disorders of connective tissue affecting blood vessels as pseudoxanthoma elasticum and Ehlers-Danlos's disease. As a group, they are relatively rare lesions that however may be a major source of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic cases over iron deficiency anaemia to acute or recurrent bleeding that may be life-threatening. Furthermore, patients may present with other symptoms, e.g. pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, the presence of a palpable mass, intussusception, obstruction, haemodynamic problems resulting from high cardiac output, lymphatic abnormalities with protein loosing enteropathy and ascites, or dermatological and somatic features in syndromal cases. Diagnosis can usually be made using endoscopy, sometimes with additional biopsy. Barium radiography, angiography, intraoperative enteroscopy, tagged red blood cell scan, CT-scan and MRI-scan may offer additional information. Treatment can be symptomatic, including iron supplements and transfusion therapy or causal, including therapeutic endoscopy (laser, electrocautery, heater probe or injection sclerotherapy), therapeutic angiography and surgery. The mode of treatment is of course depending on the mode of presentation and other factors such as associated disorders. If endoscopic or angiographic therapy is impossible and surgical intervention not indicated, pharmacological therapy may be warranted. Good results have been reported with different drugs, albeit most of them have not been tested in large trials.
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PMID:Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. 1261 28

Angiosarcoma of the larynx is a rare malignant tumour of vascular origin, accounting for less than 1% of all malignant tumours of the larynx. Angiosarcoma involves, in particular, the head and neck in areas such as the scalp and face. The causes are unknown, even if, in some cases, it is believed to be radiation-induced. The case is described of a patient with hypopharyngolaryngeal angiosarcoma, which became manifest with dysphagia, dysphonia and a palpable right latero-cervical mass about 7 cm in length. The patient underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy, right hemithyroidectomy, and bilateral neck dissection. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a large haemorrhagic lesion involving the right pyriform sinus and homolateral hemilarynx. Right radical neck dissection revealed 9 metastatic lymph nodes, 1 of which with capsular invasion. Upon complete recovery the patient, underwent adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy. Six months later she is still alive with no clinical or radiological signs of disease. A careful review of the literature produced very few reports of such cases, only 6 of which in the last 30 years. Survival rate is very low, even if feasible average can be advanced, in view of the paucity of the case reports. Histological diagnosis is not always straightforward, as this neoplasm may be misdiagnosed as other vascular tumours (Kaposi's sarcoma, haemangiopericytoma), as non-neoplastic lesions (granulomas secondary to intubation) and as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical evaluation by means of markers, such as vimentin and factor VIII, offers a significant contribution to the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. The treatment of choice for laryngeal angiosarcoma is surgical excision, ample and radical, whenever possible, followed by adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy.
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PMID:Angiosarcoma of the larynx. Case report and review of the literature. 1467 13

Masson lesion is characterized by a benign intravascular papillary hyperplasia and subsequent thrombosis. Clinically, this lesion can be misdiagnosed as mucocele, hemangioma, Kaposi sarcoma, angiosarcoma, pyogenic granuloma, and several other lesions. In this article, we report a case of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the hypopharynx and larynx, which caused dysphagia in an 18-year-old female patient. The lesion was excised entirely via a lateral pharyngotomy approach. We discuss the clinical and histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and treatment of this uncommon entity.
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PMID:Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson lesion) of the hypopharynx and larynx. 1910 47

Angiosarcomas are extremely rare malignant tumours of the larynx. We present a case of laryngeal angiosarcoma in a 58-year-old man who presented with hoarseness of voice, dysphagia and neck swelling. The patient underwent a total laryngectomy with a pre-operative and frozen section diagnosis of a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the larynx. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed features of a laryngeal angiosarcoma. The case is presented for its rarity and diagnostic difficulty.
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PMID:Primary angiosarcoma of the larynx: a rare entity. 2261 82

Angiosarcomas are malignant neoplasias of rapid growth that emerge from endothelial cells. They are rarely found in the area of the head and neck and account less than 0.1% of all head and neck malignancies. In some cases it has been linked to trauma, radiation and angiectasia but the etiology mainly remains unknown. Here we report a case of angiosarcoma of pyriform sinus manifested by dysphagia and dysphonia. The patient underwent endoscopic hypopharyngeal excision followed by radiation therapy with a good result. Our patient remains tumor free after two years. The purpose of this article is to add another case of primary angiosarcoma of a rare site, the hypopharynx.
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PMID:Angiosarcoma of the hypopharynx: case report. 2339 83

It is well established that angiosarcoma can develop following radiotherapy. We present an unusual case of angiosarcoma of the pharynx that developed three years after treatment with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for a T2N2bM0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. The patient was tumour free until developing dysphagia, which was found to be caused by an angiosarcoma. The patient underwent surgery of the pharyngeal angiosarcoma by laryngopharyngectomy, tongue base resection, selective neck dissection and radial forearm microvascular free flap reconstruction. Angiosarcoma following head and neck malignancy is rare but must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in patients with new symptoms after radiotherapy.
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PMID:Pharyngeal angiosarcoma following multimodal treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. 2478 Jun 54

Scalp angiosarcoma represents a therapeutic challenge to all disciplines. This case report demonstrates the potential usefulness of helical tomotherapy (HT) as a new radiotherapeutic treatment option. A 71-year-old woman presented with a superficial angiosarcoma of the scalp, forehead, and left pre- and postauricular areas, with several nodular ulcerating and bleeding lesions. Irradiation of the gross tumor was performed with a total dose of 70 Gy in 2-Gy fractions and of the left cervical lymph nodes with 56 Gy in 1.6-Gy fractions. Good target coverage was achieved without compromising organs at risk, notably the brain. Treatment was very fast (661 seconds per fraction) and was administered with minimal acute toxicity (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria: grade 2 erythema and grade 2 dysphagia). During treatment, tumor nodules dissolved into hyperkeratosis. We conclude that with HT, irradiation of the scalp and cervical lymph nodes can be conducted with minimal acute toxicity and without junction problems.
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PMID:Helical tomotherapy of the complete scalp and the ipsilateral lymph nodes in a case of scalp angiosarcoma. 2493 25