Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer excepted all other diseases of the esophagus are rare. Diverticula, benign tumors, perforations and the pathology of the cardia (hiatus hernia, achalasia and esophageal varices) are not studied here. We took into consideration the following diseases only: spasm of the cricopharyngeal muscle, Plummer-Vinson or Kelly-Paterson syndrome, cervical osteophytosis, dysphagia lusoria, benign and malignant mediastinal lymphatic nodes, Schatzki ring of the lower esophagus and esophageal duplications.
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PMID:[Some rare diseases of the esophagus (author's transl)]. 22 8

Thirty-two children under 3 yr of age with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction were treated with endoscopic sclerotherapy. The group consisted of 22 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 1.96 yr (range 7 months to 3 yr). The procedure was well tolerated by all after premedication with intravenous diazepam. Esophageal varices were eradicated in all children after 4.45 sessions (+/- 1.12). Follow-up clinical and endoscopic evaluations have been carried out over a period of 9 months to 4 yr (mean 3.5 yr) after the patients were put on a sclerotherapy program. There was a significant reduction in number of bleeding episodes (60 vs. 8), mean blood transfusion requirement (2.19 vs. 0.31), and bleeding risk factor (0.09 vs. 0.008). There were a few minor conditions, such as transient dysphagia and esophageal ulcerations, in 14 patients (43.75%), which later responded to medical treatment. Perisclerotherapy bleeding, seen in six patients (18.7%), responded to repeat sclerotherapy. Recurrence of varices was encountered in two patients (6.25%); these were eradicated after reinstitution of sclerotherapy. Endoscopic sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction who are below 3 yr of age.
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PMID:Endoscopic sclerotherapy: treatment of choice in patients less than 3 years old with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. 144 44

167 of 189 patients were followed prospectively after sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices between 1982 and 1989. 18% developed a stenosis of the lower oesophagus causing dysphagia: 3 of these 30 strictures were malignant and 27 were benign. The former are probably not related to sclerotherapy. 17 of the latter responded to a modified diet and the other 10 required endoscopic dilatation. This was done successfully on an out-patient basis without complication in all cases. We conclude that dysphagia after sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices is common; it is usually caused by a benign stricture: if severe, it responds to endoscopic dilatation.
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PMID:[Delayed dysphagia after sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Review]. 159 32

Two patients with cirrhosis are presented who developed retrosternal pain and dysphagia immediately after sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Extensive submucosal bleeding of the esophageal wall was demonstrated radiologically and endoscopically. Complete resolution occurred spontaneously and did not lead to residual complications such as strictures. Intramural hematoma of the esophagus is an unusual complication after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy.
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PMID:Intramural hematoma of the esophagus after variceal sclerotherapy. 174 37

The indications for and findings in 431 consecutive patients who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Zaria from June 1978 to August 1982 are reviewed. The major indications were dyspepsia (78.1%), upper gastro-intestinal bleeding (12.1%) and portal hypertension (4.2%). Other indications were persistent vomiting, dysphagia and abdominal masses. The mean age of the patients was 32 years. The male: female ratio (3:1) was not different from that in the hospital population. There were no abnormal findings in 32.7%. 26.6% had duodenal ulcers. Duodenitis was noted in 24.8%, oesophageal varices in 6.3%, gastritis in 6.3% and hiatus hernia in 4.6%. In those who presented with upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage, oesophageal varices (34.6%) and peptic ulcer (17.3%) were the commonest findings. Complication seen commonly were soreness in the throat and thrombophlebitis at the site of valium injection. One death was recorded from the procedure over the period.
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PMID:Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Zaria, northern Nigeria. 208 5

Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease) is a hereditary disease in which metabolic disorder of copper leads to its accumulation in the liver, brain, cornea and kidneys with consequent pathologic changes in those organs. Hereditary mechanism of the disease is autosomal recessive with prevalence of 30-100 per 1,000,000 inhabitants. Etiology of this disease is not yet explained. There are two hypotheses. The first one is that it is the disorder of ceruloplasmine metabolism caused by insufficient synthesis of normal ceruloplasmine, or synthesis of functionally abnormal ceruloplasmine. The second one is: the block of copper biliar excretion which is the consequence of the liver lysosomes functional defect. Pathogenetic mechanism of disease is firstly long-term accumulation of copper in the liver, and later, when the liver depo is full, its releasing in circulation and accumulation in the brain, cornea, kidneys and bones, which causes adequate pathologic changes. Toxic activity of copper is the consequence of its activity on enzymes, particularly on those with -SH group. There are two basic clinical forms of the disease: liver disease or neurologic disease. Before puberty the liver damage is more frequent, while in adolescents and young adults neurologic form of the disease is usual. The liver disease is nonspecific and characterized by symptoms of cirrhosis and chronic aggressive hepatitis. The only specificity is hemolytic anemia which, in combination with previous symptoms, is important for diagnosis of the disease. Neurologic symptoms are the most frequent consequence of pathologic changes in the basal ganglia. In our patients the most frequent symptoms were tremor (63%); dysarthria, choreoathetosis and rigor (38%); ataxia and mental disorders (31%); dysphagia and dystonia (12%), diplopia, hypersalivation, nystagmus and Babinski's sign (6%). Among pathologic changes in other tissues and organs the most important is the finding of Kayser-Fleischer ring in the cornea as a result of copper accumulation. Its importance for precise diagnosis is great. The diagnosis of the disease is based on anamnesis, clinical examination, specific and nonspecific laboratory tests. The therapy of choice is penicillamine. If we use it early, the result will be good remission in the majority of patients. Late diagnosis or delay in treatment cause death which is the result of bleeding from esophageal varices or basal ganglia disease. Immunologic damages caused by penicillamine demand interruption of therapy and substitution by three-ethyl-tetra-amine (TETA). We also use zinc salts and tetratiomolibdate in therapy of this disease. Pathogenesis, clinical picture and therapy of the disease are based on our own results.
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PMID:[Hepatolenticular degeneration]. 226 49

In spite of the development of upper digestive tract fiberoptic endoscopy (FE) within the last 10 years, early detection of esophageal carcinoma (EC) is rare except in certain high-risk groups such as patients with head and neck cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the value of a meticulous histoendoscopic examination with vital toluidine blue (TB) staining in all alcohol and tobacco abusers undergoing FE for any reason except dysphagia. In 18 months, 100 patients (90 men, 10 women) who were over 40 years old and who consumed more than 80 g of alcohol and 20 g of tobacco per day underwent FE. No patient had a history of head and neck or esophageal cancer. FE was decided in 48 patients for epigastric pain, in 28 for esophageal varices, in 8 for weight loss, in 8 for anemia, in 7 for peptic disease, and in 1 for diarrhea. Staining with TB was carried out at the end of the examination and two routine biopsies were obtained 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. Specimens were obtained from each abnormal area (TB + or TB -). Clinical ENT examination was recommended for all patients. Two esophageal carcinomas (1 microinvasive, 1 in situ) and 15 cases of dysplasia were detected. Dysplasia was classified as severe in 1 case, moderate in 9 cases, and mild in 5 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Endoscopic detection of dysplasia and subclinical cancer of the esophagus. Results of a prospective study using toluidine blue vital staining in 100 patients with alcoholism and smoking]. 231 48

Diagnostic and therapeutic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out among 200 children. The procedure proved useful in detecting causes of various upper gastrointestinal problems especially hematemesis and dysphagia. It was also helpful in early detection of esophageal varices in children with suspected portal hypertension. Duodenal biopsies could be obtained in all children being investigated for chronic diarrhea and proved helpful in diagnosing three cases of celiac disease. Fiberoptic endoscopy has a large role to play in pediatric practice and is largely a safe procedure.
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PMID:Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children. 275 27

Between February 1984 and September 1987, endoscopic embolization (EE) was performed in 26 patients with esophageal varices. The effects of EE were evaluated with endoscopic findings according to the general rules for recording endoscopic findings on esophageal varices as specified by the Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension. 1) When the result was regarded as effective if a patient had Cw, F1, R-C sign (-), Li and Lm or disappearance of varices, the improvement was found in 66.7% for Color, 79.2% for R-C sign, 54.2% for Form and 45.8% for Location after EE. 2) Recurrence of varices was found in 50% of the patients (12/24) and 4 of 12 cases (33.3%) had rebleeding. 3) When the endoscopic findings before and after EE were compared between relapsed and unrelapsed cases, relapsed patients had more unfavorable endoscopic findings, furthermore, the extent of improvements was also worse than that of unrelapsed cases. 4) As complications, slight fever, dysphagia and epigastric pain were found in most cases, however, all were cured conservatively. In conclusion, EE is useful and safety tool for the improvement of endoscopic findings of the patients with esophageal varices.
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PMID:[Assessment of endoscopic embolization in the management of esophageal varices]. 275 92

Fifty consecutive unselected patients presenting with acute haematemesis and melaena from endoscopically confirmed bleeding oesophageal varices were treated by one-stage transabdominal oesophageal transection with gastro-oesophageal devascularization and splenectomy. According to Child's classification, 15 were Grade A, 29 Grade B and six Grade C. The mortality rate was 10 per cent. Postoperative complications included gastric fundal leak (4 per cent), pleural effusion (4 per cent), subphrenic abscess (2 per cent), atelectasis (2 per cent) and pneumothorax (2 per cent). Although five patients (10 per cent) complained of transient dysphagia during follow-up, only one (2 per cent) presented evidence of stricture at the site of oesophageal transection. Clinical encephalopathy was not present in the surviving patients in the postoperative period. No recurrence of bleeding has been recorded in the surviving patients over a follow-up period of 2-3 years.
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PMID:Transabdominal gastro-oesophageal devascularization and oesophageal transection for bleeding oesophageal varices. 280 92


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