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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contact ulcer granuloma has a multifactorial etiology but vocal abuse is considered the most important etiological factor. Some other possible factors are well-known: tuberculosis, allergies, hormonal or autonomic imbalance, psychosomatic influences, reflux-esophagitis, pathological conditions of the nose, nasal accessory sinus, tonsils. Constitutional factors play also an important role. The symptoms range from mild huskiness to severe hoarseness with pain extending to the ear, dysphagia, sometimes hemoptysis and chronic cough. Failure to recognize the pathological features of this frequently overlooked lesion leads to diagnosis of larynx cancer, angiosarcoma or hemangioma. Indication for microsurgical removal is only severe dyspnea by size of mass or if the dignity is not clear, because any surgical procedure has only temporary value and does not eliminate the etiological factors. The dignity can normally be proved by stroboscope. Vocal rehabilitation and re-education are an essential appropriate means of treatment for this disease if other causative factors are excluded.
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PMID:[Contact granuloma: symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, therapy]. 157 50

After treatment of laryngeal cancer 35 patients with dysphagia have been examined by high speed cineradiography. When compared to normal swallowing patterns, the following abnormalities were observed: Excursion of the posterior pharyngeal wall during swallowing is twice as intensive as normal. The function of the base of the tongue becomes more important for pharyngeal emptying--a fact that surgeons should take into consideration when planning laryngeal resection. Timing of pharyngeal constriction and function of the upper esophageal sphincter are definitively altered. In view of these changes we think that cineradiography can help to find better methods for functional surgery of the pharynx and the adjacent structures.
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PMID:Dysphagia of the treated laryngeal cancer--detection of functional and morphological changes by cineradiography. 174 61

Cigarette-smoking is a well-established aetiological factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. In Great Britain the majority of patients with laryngeal cancer are treated by radiotherapy with salvage surgery if necessary. A troublesome side effect of radiotherapy is mucositis which may exacerbate hoarseness, dysphagia, airway obstruction or pain. Although it is a common belief that continued smoking and alcohol consumption during radiotherapy may increase the frequency and severity of these side effects this has not been demonstrated objectively. This study confirms and illustrates the relationship between such radiotherapy reactions to continued smoke exposure by using an objective biochemical marker of smoking status.
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PMID:Serum cotinine as an objective marker for smoking habit in head and neck malignancy. 178 56

Swallowing disorders due to oro-pharyngo-laryngeal cancer, or due to the consequences of surgical resection and radiotherapy, should be accurately evaluated to manage properly both nutritional therapy and dysphagia rehabilitation techniques. The site, size, and local spread of such tumors and, especially, the nature and extent of surgical resection and reconstruction, are important factors which are closely related to the functional disorders of deglutition. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate video-fluoroscopy capability to evaluate the incidence, type, and severity of such functional disorders. For this purpose we studied by means of dynamic radiology 23 patients with oral cancer and 33 patients with pharyngeal-laryngeal cancer, most of them after surgical and/or radiological treatment. Eighty-four per cent of the patients had swallowing disorders such as poor oral processing (25%), retention of the bolus in the pharynx (41%), penetration (41%) or aspiration (37%) of the bolus in the airway, dysmotility of upper esophageal sphincter (9%), and structural lesions (61%). The association of these functional disorders was closely related to the pathological background of each patient. In conclusion, a dynamic radiological study is recommended for both pre and postoperative evaluation of these patients, to choose the appropriate nutritional therapy and dysphagia rehabilitation technique.
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PMID:[Dynamic radiologic study of deglutition in oro-pharyngeal-laryngeal neoplasms and results of their treatment]. 209 8

A retrospective analysis of direct laryngoscopies performed at our institution in 1978 was undertaken utilizing computer technology. The population which consisted of 54% males and 46% females had an average age of 50.4 years. The most common symptom was hoarseness (83.6%). The most frequent benign and malignant diagnoses were vocal cord polyp and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Males predominated in all disease entities except vocal cord polyps. Benign disease entities presented most frequently with one or two symptoms, while malignant pathology presented with a varied array and number of symptoms. The indications: "tumor" seen on indirect laryngoscopy, sore throat, dysphagia, otalgia, upper respiratory tract obstruction, hemoptysis, cough and leukoplakia were most frequently associated with malignancy. Voice abuse occupations were most commonly associated with vocal cord polyps and tobacco and alcohol use was most frequently associated with laryngeal cancer. Eighty-five percent of direct laryngoscopies were done under general anesthesia with two-thirds utilizing direct suspension microlaryngoscopy.
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PMID:Direct laryngoscopy: a retrospective analysis. 666 56

Laryngeal cancer presents early with hoarseness, but other symptoms such as cough, throat pain, dysphagia or dyspnoea should not be ignored. Middle-aged men with a history of high tobacco and alcohol consumption are particularly at risk. The age, sex incidence and anatomical site of the tumour in Auckland, New Zealand, is similar to that reported in Australia.
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PMID:A profile of laryngeal cancer in Auckland 1965-1979. 695 90

As the trend in laryngeal cancer treatment shifts towards organ-conservation surgeries and organ-preservation protocols, patients will more often retain anatomy vital to communication and swallowing. Despite a conservative approach, results of treatment may have debilitating effects. Rehabilitation efforts are directed towards a return to functional, if not normal, status. Although there are predictable trends in voice and swallowing disorders of patients with laryngeal cancer, posttreatment dysphonia and dysphagia are diverse in presentation. Considering the significant diversity of this population, speech pathologists should work closely with otolaryngologists to determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient. As this article demonstrates, voice and swallowing therapy are necessary components of the rehabilitation process following treatment for head and neck cancers. As always, treatment is tailored to the specific individual and based on information obtained during a thorough evaluation by a speech pathologist. Fortunately, with the help of voice and swallowing therapy, many patients return to functional communication and oral feeding.
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PMID:Swallowing and speech therapy after definitive treatment for laryngeal cancer. 1258 51

Although hypocalcemia is a common postoperative complication of patients who have undergone a total laryngectomy with total thyroidectomy for treatment of laryngeal cancer or cancer of adjacent organs and hypocalcemia can produce the symptom of dysphagia, there has never been a report that hypocalcemia is the cause of dysphagia in these patients. The authors reported two cases who had hypocalcemia after total laryngectomy with total thyroidectomy and presented with sudden and severe dysphagia. However, the symptom of dysphagia was dramatically improved after calcium replacement therapy.
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PMID:Dysphagia after total laryngectomy resulting from hypocalcemia: case report. 1527 57

After laryngectomy for treatment of laryngeal cancer, the distal esophageal contractions have low amplitude. Our hypothesis is that proximal esophageal contractions are also impaired. We studied the proximal esophageal contractions in 20 laryngectomized patients (16 men) with a mean age of 44.2 years, 12 rehabilitated patients with esophageal speech, and 12 controls (7 men, mean age of 46.5 years). We used the manometric method with continuous perfusion. All subjects were studied in the sitting position and performed five swallows of a 5-ml bolus of water alternated with five dry swallows. The contractions were measured 2 cm below the high-pressure zone of the pharyngoesophageal transition. The results showed that the amplitude and duration of contractions were different in laryngectomized patients compared with controls. The amplitude of contractions of patients (wet swallows: 37.3+/-20.7 mmHg, mean+/-SD) was lower than that of controls (81.1+/-31.7 mmHg). The duration of contractions was also lower in laryngectomized patients (2.2+/-0.7 s) than in controls (2.6+/-0.6 s). We conclude that the proximal esophageal contraction amplitude and duration of laryngectomized patients are lower than controls, a fact suggesting that laryngectomy may affect the proximal esophageal contractions.
Dysphagia 2005
PMID:Proximal esophageal contractions in laryngectomized patients. 1617 17

The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate swallowing function using both subjective and objective measures in patients treated nonsurgically for stages III and IV laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, (2) assess the effect of time from treatment completion on swallowing function, and (3) assess sequelae associated with modality of treatment. To achieve these objectives, a retrospective study of 14 patients was conducted. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was performed and evaluated by three independent judges for seven functional criteria: standing secretions, valleculae spillage, valleculae residue, postcricoid residue, laryngeal penetration, aspiration, and cough. Patient interviews were performed to establish patient perception of swallowing and his/her current posttreatment diet. Results revealed that each patient exhibited swallowing abnormalities in at least one of the seven objective functional categories studied. Ten patients suffered from variable degrees of dysphagia, ranging from mild to severe, on all measures. No significant differences were noted between those patients with less than or greater than 12 months posttreatment. Common treatment sequelae included PEG tube placement for nutritional supplementation, tracheostomy placement for airway security and/or pulmonary toilet, repeated episodes of aspiration pneumonia requiring hospital admission, and radiation-induced oropharyngeal stricture. Further studies using subjective and objective swallowing function measures for patients treated with alternative chemoradiation regimens versus surgery (with or without adjuvant therapies) for advanced stage laryngeal cancer are needed.
Dysphagia 2006 Jan
PMID:Swallowing function outcomes following nonsurgical therapy for advanced-stage laryngeal carcinoma. 1654 94


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