Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently published guidelines for the treatment of dyspepsia have emphasized the importance of age, Helicobacter pylori infection, and alarm symptoms such as weight loss, anemia, and dysphagia in patient assessment. However, the currently available guidelines were not designed specifically for regions in which the incidence of gastric cancer is high, as is the case in Japan, and could lead to cases of gastric cancer being missed at a stage when they are treatable. Therefore a Japanese working group was organized to consider the design of dyspepsia treatment guidelines in Japan, with specific attention to the problem of gastric cancer and the lack of health insurance coverage for H pylori testing and eradication in Japan. To date, the group has prepared and tested clinically the feasibility of two drafts of the guidelines, and has incorporated a number of features and risk factors not currently included in other guidelines for dyspepsia treatment. This article describes the development of the guidelines and their provision of a rational basis for the management of patients with dyspepsia.
 ...
PMID:Guidelines for dyspepsia treatment in Japan. 991

A five year review of oesophageal carcinoma in Tikur Anbessa Hospital (TAH), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine is presented. One hundred and forty two patients representing 32.5% of all gastrointestinal and 13.8% of all malignant tumours were seen in the Department during the study period. The age range was 22 to 88 years with a mean of 54 years. There were 54 females and 88 males. Dysphagia, weight loss and anaemia were the significant features in the majority and 40% of patients presented between four and seven months. Squamous cell cancer accounted for 93% of all histologic types. The middle third was the commonest site of tumour formation (49%) while the lower third accounted for 44%. An operability rate of 56% is recorded but only 24% were suitable for oesophagectomy. The post operative mortality was 28%. The commonest causes of death were sepsis secondary to anastomotic leak and pneumonia. Follow up was possible only for three months for eleven patients and seven months for seven patients. The rest could not be traced. It is difficult not to implicate the commonly used dietary ingredients in the causation of this tumour.
 ...
PMID:Oesophageal carcinoma in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa. 1006 94

Plummer-Vinson (Paterson, Brown-Kelly) syndrome refers to the association of iron-deficiency anaemia with dysphagia secondary to a post-cricoid web. Only seven cases of Plummer-Vinson syndrome in children and adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 have been reported in the world literature. We report a case of the syndrome occurring in a child of 14 years and provide a short review of the present knowledge concerning the symptom complex.
 ...
PMID:Plummer-Vinson syndrome--a rare presentation in a child. 1050 67

The Plummer-Vinson syndrome is characterized by an association of dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia, and esophageal webs. The authors report the case of a 6 year old with Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Plummer-Vinson syndrome usually occurs in adults, rarely in adolescents, however, there have been no previous reports in the English-language literature of the syndrome occurring in childhood.
 ...
PMID:A case of Plummer-Vinson syndrome in childhood. 1087 58

We report a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) undergoing long-term hemodialysis who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the renal arteries to shrink enlarged kidneys. In 1983, the patient started hemodialysis because of chronic renal failure secondary to ADPKD. However, renal size continued to increase. In January 1997, he was admitted to our hospital with abdominal distension and anorexia, in addition to progression of anemia. Upper gastroendoscopy showed an esophageal ulcer and severe external compression of the stomach. Renal angiography using the Seldinger technique showed stretched and deformed segmental renal arteries with massive enlargement of the kidneys. TAE with stainless steel coils was performed on both renal arteries. With a rapid and progressive decrease in kidney size, anorexia and anemia were improved, and the gastrointestinal compression was eliminated. In some patients with ADPKD, renal size continues to increase even after the initiation of dialysis. In about 10 years, patients develop gastrointestinal complications, such as dysphagia, ileus, severe constipation, and intestinal perforation. Surgical procedures such as nephrectomy are not satisfactory. This report shows that TAE is a safe and effective therapy for patients with ADPKD with massively enlarged kidneys.
 ...
PMID:Transcatheter renal arterial embolization therapy on a patient with polycystic kidney disease on hemodialysis. 1056 Nov 51

Gastroscopy is the gold standard for investigating upper gastrointestinal complaints. Open access gastroscopy has advantages, but may not always be feasible in a small unit. Our 2-consultant general surgical unit provides gastroscopy on demand for medical and surgical patients. We audited the 499 gastroscopies carried out in our unit in 1997 to assess yield and diagnostic trends. The overall diagnostic yield of 69 per cent was comparable with published data from centres in Ireland and overseas. Diagnostic yield in our series was significantly lower for medical patients (59 per cent) than for surgical patients (72 per cent) (p < 0.05). Yield also varied considerably according to indication for referral. Patients referred with anaemia had a low yield (41 per cent). The indications associated with high yields were haematemesis (95 per cent), dysphagia (91 per cent), and persistent vomiting (85 per cent).
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic yield of gastroscopy in a general surgical unit. 1062 69

Gastroesophageal reflux is a very common disorder. Typical symptoms are heartburn, regurgitation and chest pain. Recently, it has been demonstrated that gastroesophageal reflux may generate or worse extraesophageal symptoms such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, posterior laryngitis, and chronic cough. The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux is suggested by typical symptoms which improve under a therapy with proton pump inhibitors. pH-monitoring over 24 hours is able to establish directly the diagnosis by measuring acid reflux into the esophagus. Manometry detects the two most common causes of gastroesophageal reflux: insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter or esophageal motility abnormalities. Gastroesophageal reflux can lead to reflux esophagitis, which is diagnosed endoscopically. An endoscopy should routinely be performed in case of dysphagia, anemia, or loss of weight. A long-term sequela of gastroesophageal reflux is the development of Barrett's-esophagus, a condition which has to be verified by endoscopy and biopsy. This premalignant lesion is defined by a metaplastic change from the normal squamous mucosa to a specialized intestinal epithelium characterized by goblet cells. Because dysplasia in these metaplastic areas can lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma, regular endoscopic surveillance with biopsies is recommended. Gastroesophageal reflux can significantly impair the quality of life and can cause complications that include the neoplastic progression from Barrett's esophagus to carcinoma. Therefore, appropriate diagnostic procedures and adequate therapy are required. This article summarizes the diagnostic approach to patients with gastroesophageal reflux, reflux esophagitis and Barrett's-esophagus. The impact of endoscopy, pH-monitoring, esophageal manometry, radiology and scintigraphy are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett esophagus]. 1092 25

Dyspepsia is a heterogeneous symptom complex with differing symptom presentations, underlying pathophysiology and available treatments. Patients older than 50 years and those who have "alarm" symptoms or signs (eg, weight loss, dysphagia, vomiting, anemia, or heme-positive stool) should undergo an initial endoscopic evaluation. Empiric treatment without diagnostic testing may be used in the initial approach to young patients without alarm symptoms. For patients presenting with uncomplicated dyspepsia, initial testing for H. pylori is appropriate. If present, H. pylori infection is generally treated and symptoms are followed. In patients who do not have H. pylori infection or do not respond to H. pylori treatment, initial treatment with an H(2) blocker or promotility agent is appropriate empiric therapy. In some patients, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents atypically with primarily dyspeptic symptoms. In these patients, a trial of gastric acid suppressant may help implicate GERD. For patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (ie, dyspeptic symptoms with negative endoscopy), prokinetic therapy may be the most effective empiric treatment.
 ...
PMID:Nonulcer Dyspepsia. 1109 59

Primary hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in an eight-year-old neutered male cat. The predominant presenting complaint was dysphagia. Other historical signs included lethargy, weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, muscle weakness and occasional vomiting. The signs had waxed and waned over the two months before presentation and had improved when the cat was treated with enrofloxacin and prednisolone by the referring veterinarian. On referral, dehydration, depression and poor bodily condition were found on physical examination. Results of initial laboratory tests revealed mild anaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and elevations in serum creatinine and creatine kinase. The diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency was established on the basis of results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and endogenous plasma ACTH determination. Initial therapy for hypoadrenocorticism included intravenous administration of 0.9 per cent saline and dexamethasone, and oral fludrocortisone acetate. Within one week the cat was clinically normal and two years later was still alive and well on fludrocortisone acetate treatment only.
 ...
PMID:Hypoadrenocorticism in a cat. 1132 66

Dyspepsia is defined as chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centred in the upper abdomen. Early satiety, nausea, vomiting, or bloating are often also present. Dyspepsia should be differentiated from gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, whose predominant symptoms are heartburn and acid regurgitation. Prevalence rates vary between 25% and 40%, and dyspepsia is the main reason for consulting GPs: 3-5% of all visits. Older patients and patients presenting with alarm symptoms (weight loss, anaemia, jaundice, dysphagia, bleeding) should undergo endoscopy, but apart from this no other management strategy has been agreed upon. Management strategies based on non-invasive H. pylori testing will probably prove cost-effective and safe. However, the results of clinical trials are awaited before guidelines can be offered. The symptomatic effects of treating patients with functional dyspepsia with either acid inhibitors, prokinetics, or H. pylori eradication therapy are difficult to predict and are usually quite modest.
 ...
PMID:[Dyspepsia. Investigation and treatment]. 1157 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>