Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011168 (dysphagia)
 15,644 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zenker's diverticulum is a common developmental anomaly seen usually in the elderly. Carcinoma in this pharyngoesophageal outpouching has been reported in only 23 instances. A 55-year-old woman is presented whose only symptoms were dysphagia and periodic regurgitation of bloodstained material. Barium swallow and esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a neoplasm, and biopsy revealed an epidermoid carcinoma. Wide field resection was followed by a full course of irradiation and secondary pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. The patient was free of disease at three-year follow-up.
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PMID:Carcinoma in a Zenker's diverticulum. 12 79

The 9th observation of esophageal intramural diverticulosis is reported. The findings are compared with those of former publications. Clinically dysphagia is a leading symptom. Suction biopsy proved diverticulosis being the correct interpretation for radiological findings. The etiology is discussed. The change between symptom-free intervals with diverticulosis only and episods of dysphagia by secondary inflammation (reflux esophagitis, moniliasis, stenosis) stresses the importance of such secondary complications. These inflammations can hide the real diagnosis for a long time. The radiological findings are the key for diagnosis, however, they can be very small for years. During this period a diagnosis can only be achieved by knowledge of the disease and the skilful search for early symptoms.
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PMID:[Radiological aspects of esophageal intramural diverticulosis]. 12 6

Right-sided cervial aortic arch is a rare congenital anomaly which may cause respiratory symptoms or dysphagia. In the past, surgical correction of the cervical arch has not been attempted except in one patient in whom an erroeous diagnosis of aneurysm of the innominate artery led to an unsuccessful operation. A case is reported of a 39-year-old woman with an extensive fusiform aneurysm of a right-sided cervical arch. The arch aneurysm was successfully removed surgically and normal circulation was restored to the arch vessels. At the same operation, a ventricular septal defect was repaired with the aid of temporary cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Aneurysm of right-sided cervical arch: surgical removal and graft replacement. 13 75

The effectiveness of tetrabenazine in controlling choreic movement in Huntington's chorea has been confirmed in a long-term study. Side effects noted included postural hypotension, dysphagia and pneumonia. Careful supervision of patients taking this effective agent is urged.
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PMID:Tetrabenazine in the treatment of Huntington's chorea. 13

Tuberculous oesophagitis is a very rare finding; of all organs, involvement of the oesophagus is the least likely. Autopsies on tuberculous patients show an incidence of 0.14%. According to Wexels, only 125 cases have been described in the world literature up to 1954. In general, tuberculous oesophagitis can be included in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia only if this symptom is associated with tuberculosis of an organ, or miliary tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Specific oesophagitis (author's transl)]. 14 65

A patient is described who suffered from prolapse of the lower oesophageal mucosa in the presence of a Schatzki ring. There was variable dysphagia culminating in total aphagia. The clinical symptoms disappeared without any treatment once the patient had overcome several years of psychological stress. The radiological appearances gave rise to a discussion of the radiological anatomy of the terminal oesophagus with a Schatzki ring since numerous similar appearances illustrated in the literature have been interpreted as axial hiatus hernias. A comparison of manometric and radiological fingings has shown that a hernia did not exist. The advantages and errors inherent in diagnosing hernias with the help of the "three rings", as described by Hafter, are discussed. The mucosal prolapse during the stage of aphagia is demonstrated and compared with cases from the literature showing prolapse at the upper and lower vestibular margins. The mechanism leading to these appearances is discussed.
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PMID:[Invagination of the oesophageal mucosa in the presence of a Schatzki ring (author's transl)]. 15 Oct 7

A sixteen months old girl with Down's-Syndrome suffered from congenital oesophageal membrane and segmental oesophageal stricture. In the neonatal period, two other associated malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (malrotation of gut and duodenal web) had been operated successfully. The first endoscopic examination of the eosophagus was performed at the age of sixteen months because of increasing dysphagia. A solid membrane in the lower part of the oesophagus was incised by diathermy. The associated segmental stenosis necessitated repeated bougienages. After this treatment the child developed well without clinical signs of dysphagia.
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PMID:Endoscopic therapy of a congenital oesophageal stricture. 15 21

Ulceration of the oesophagus was suspected clinically and confirmed radiologically in a patient with an enlarged left atrium while on treatment with slow release potassium chloride. Its discontinuation resulted in resolution of symptoms. This potentially serious complication of treatment should be considered in patients with enlargement of the left atrium who develop dysphagia. It is avoided by using soluble forms of potassium chloride replacement.
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PMID:Oesophageal ulceration due to slow-release potassium in the presence of left atrial enlargement. 16 May 16

Botulism is relatively common in the Vienne department as we have observed 36 cases over a peroid of 7 years. Other French cases, published over the last 10 years, included 10 to 19 cases in the largest series. In a total of 10 series, there were 105 cases. Botulism is caused, in most cases, by eating ham prepared on the farm. It gives rise to the usual clinical picture including paralysis of accommodation, dysphagia, digestive symptoms with abdominal pain and constipation and finally, bladder paralysis. The mild forms are fairly common. We did not observe any severe cases. Our patients were treated in two homogeneous series of 17 cases each ; two patients were given no treatment. Patients treated by sero-anatoxin therapy according to classical methods, evolved towards a cure within 21 days on average. Patients treated by sulfguanidin were cured within 24 days. This study permitted us to confirm that sero-anatoxin therapy is not essential. The disadvantages are the number of injections, the possibility of sometimes fatal hyper-sensitive reactions which, in the opinion of many authors, justifies routine cover with cortisone. This attitude does not seem to us justified owing to the usually benign nature of the botulism. The treatment with sulfaguanidin is well tolerated and is not of any risk to the patient.
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PMID:[Botulism. Therapeutic management. Apropos of 36 cases]. 16 90

The mute or nearly mute patient who is alert and has good understanding of speech and a right hemiparesis could have Broca's aphasia, akinesia of speech (transcortical motor aphasia), or aphemia. The patient who has Broca's aphasia does not write well, and his speech does not improve greatly with repetition. The speech of a patient with akinesia of speech improves with repetition. The aphemic patient writes normally, but his speech does not improve with repetition. The mute patient whose eyes are open but who is poorly responsive and moves little or not at all could be an akinetic mute (with either a cingulate or a thalamomesencephalic lesion) or have a locked-in syndrome. The latter is diagnosed by asking the patient to look up and down or to open and close his eyes. If he obeys these commands, the physician questions him using a code of eye movement responses. If the patient fails to respond at all, he is an akinetic mute; intense stimulation may result in speech or movement. If the patient is drowsy and has third nerve involvement, the lesion is in the thalamomesencephalic reticular formation. If the patient appears alert and has episodes of agitation, he probably has bilateral lesions in the gyri cinguli. Patients with weakness of the bulbar musculature (facial, palatal, and tongue weakness and dysphonia) may have either upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron lesions. Only bilateral upper motor neuron lesions produce permanent dysarthria. As a typical example, a patient has a transient left hemiparesis with dysarthria and almost completely recovers. Later, however, a right hemiparesis develops and the patient experiences severe bilateral facial weakness, drooling, dysphagia, and severe dysarthria. The absence of atrophy of the bulbar musculature, a hyperactive jaw jerk and gag reflex and, sometimes, inappropriate laughing or crying episodes indicate that the lesion is located above the medulla in the corticobulbar tracts. Flaccid paralysis, absence of the jaw jerk or gag reflex, and absence of other upper motor neuron signs, such as upgoing toes, indicate a lower motor neuron or neuromuscular junction problem. Appropriate tests to rule out myasthenia gravis should be done. The other conditions discussed here are often obvious from their clinical presentation. Although the specific disorder of speech sometimes is helpful in localizing the cause, in most patients, the associated deficits on neurologic examination are of greatest value.
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PMID:Nonlanguage disorders of speech reflect complex neurologic apparatus. 16 83


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