Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010346 (Crohn's disease)
 21,615 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum levels of five acute phase proteins (APP) were measured in 18 children with Crohn's Disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and in two control groups. The levels of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, C9, and Factor B were significantly raised in patients with CD and UC with good separation from controls, but they were not entirely reliable used as screening tests unless used in combination. The levels of APP were monitored for periods varying from 18 to 28 months in each patient and found to reflect the disease activity in both CD and UC. On seven occasions the APP levels did not match the clinically assessed disease activity, but when the serum levels were related to outcome of the disease, C-reactive protein was found to be elevated--whether or not there were symptoms of the disease--in all patients who later had a relapse, while normal values were found in those who had a long remission. These results suggest that the estimation of Creative protein is of prognostic value and that its measurement is particularly useful in children with mild symptoms in whom disease activity and prognosis are difficult to assess.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. 698 60

1. Mucus samples obtained from colectomy colons from 10 patients with ulcerative colitis and four patients with Crohn's disease of the colon, together with samples from 10 normal postmortem colons, have been studied. 2. Two glycoprotein fractions were isolated from mucosal scrapings by gel-permeation chromatography. The high-molecular-weight fraction consisted largely of mucus glycoproteins and was further purified to the glycopolypeptides. The low-molecular-weight fraction contained a glycoprotein with a high mannose content. The carbohydrate content of both the mucus glycoprotein and glycopolypeptide fractions were significantly reduced in active colitis. 3. Oligosaccharides were prepared from the mucus glycoprotein material. In the normal material more than half the units contained eight or more monosaccharide residues, whereas in the disease material the bulk of the units were smaller than this.
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PMID:Study of the carbohydrate content of mucus glycoproteins from normal and diseased colons. 726 46

The hypothesis that the colonic epithelium is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis was examined by comparing disease related responses in expression of markers of differentiation by colonic crypt cells to culture with and without butyrate. Cells were isolated from patients with normal colon (15), cancer (24), ulcerative colitis (19), or Crohn's disease (16). Alkaline phosphatase activities were measured in cell homogenates and the rate of glycoprotein synthesis assessed at the end of 24 hours of culture and expressed relative to the rate of protein synthesis as the G:P ratio. Alkaline phosphatase activities, but not G:P ratios, differed across the groups before and after 24 hour culture (p < 0.05), activities being lowest in the cancer group and highest in inflammatory bowel disease groups. Butyrate (1 mM) suppressed alkaline phosphatase activities in the cancer group by mean (SEM) of 17 (4) (p = 0.006) compared with no change in the other groups. Butyrate suppressed G:P ratios only in the cancer (6 (3)%, p = 0.03) and ulcerative colitis groups (5 (3)%, p = 0.04) and the changes in both were different (p < 0.05) from those in normal cells (increase of 10 (7)%). Changes in ulcerative colitis were different from those in Crohn's disease (p = 0.029). Responses were independent of the presence or absence of mucosal inflammation. These data confirm the diffuse nature of epithelial abnormalities in colorectal cancer. In ulcerative colitis, a different pattern of abnormality occurs, supporting the notion that the epithelium is also diffusely abnormal independent of mucosal inflammation.
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PMID:Colonic epithelium is diffusely abnormal in ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. 761 74

A computer-based technique for the quantification of abnormal bowel uptake in Crohn's disease has been developed and compared with pre-existing clinical, laboratory and scintigraphic methods of assessment. The standard technique for labelling leucocytes with 99mTc-HMPAO is applied. Images were obtained at 40, 120 and 240 min after the injection of radiolabelled leucocytes. The count in the bowel area after subtracting background activity corrected to the injected dose and image acquisition times is the 'scan score', an objective measure of disease activity. The scan score is significantly higher in patients with clinically active disease (mean 82.1 +/- SEM 13.6) than in those with quiescent disease (24.7 +/- 7.0) (p < or = 0.005). Optimum separation between active and quiescent disease is achieved with a threshold scan score of 20. The scan score was comparable in small bowel disease (73.3 +/- 16.2), large bowel (94.4 +/- 33) and disease at both locations (94.1 +/- 19.2). The scan score correlated favourably with Crohn's Disease Activity Index (rs = 52, p < or = 0.0001), Harvey & Bradshow Simple Index (rs = 0.4, p < or = 0.001), serum C-reactive protein (rs = 0.72, p < or = 0.001), serum alpha acid glycoprotein (rs 0.67, p < or = 0.001), haemoglobin (rs = 0.66, p < or = 0.001), platelet count (rs = 0.47, p < or = 0.006), albumin (rs = 0.61, p < or = 0.0001) and faecal 111Indium excretion (rs = 0.78, p < or = 0.001), but not with the ESR (rs = 0.22, p < or = 0.4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Background subtraction: a new approach to the assessment of disease activity in Crohn's disease using 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leucocytes. 797 51

Intestinal blood loss as well as chronic inflammation are regarded as the most important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of anemia in Crohn's disease. In addition, cytokines such as interleukin-6 can suppress erythropoietin production. This study was performed to investigate the importance of iron status, inflammatory activity, and endogenous erythropoietin concentrations for the development of anemia in Crohn's disease. In 49 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease, hemoglobin, inflammatory activity (Crohn's disease activity index, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein), iron status (serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ferritin), and serum erythropoietin levels were studied. Anemic (Hb < 12.0 g/dl; N = 16) vs nonanemic patients (Hb > or = 12 g/dl; N = 33) showed reduced iron compartments (eg, ferritin 28.7 +/- 12.9 micrograms/liter vs 63.2 +/- 15.0 micrograms/liter, transferrin saturation 6.2 +/- 1.4% vs 11.5 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.01) but no differences in inflammatory activity. An inverse correlation between erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations was found (r = -0.62; P < 0.001), but the increase in erythropoietin levels was inadequate to the degree of anemia. There was no correlation between erythropoietin and interleukin-6 serum levels. Four of five anemic patients with hemoglobin below 10.5 g/dl and erythropoietin levels within the normal range were treated with parenteral iron (200 mg iron saccharate in 250 ml NaCl, weekly, intravenously). Two of them additionally received recombinant human erythropoietin (150 units/kg, 3x weekly, subcutaneously). After five weeks all patients had a marked increase in hemoglobin. However, the mean increase in erythropoietin-treated patients was 5.0 g/dl compared to 2.0 g/dl in the patients with iron therapy only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anemia in Crohn's disease. Importance of inadequate erythropoietin production and iron deficiency. 808 99

Abnormalities in colonic glycoprotein synthesis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Glucosamine synthetase is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of gastrointestinal glycoprotein and has been measured in control subjects (N = 23) and patients with ulcerative colitis (N = 26) or Crohn's disease of the colon (N = 20) classified according to the macroscopic status of the rectum. Glucosamine synthetase activity was relatively constant around the normal colon but lower levels were found in the terminal ileum. In ulcerative colitis, glucosamine synthetase activity was similar to controls (24.0 +/- 1.9) mmol/g wet (wt/hr) irrespective of disease activity (quiescent: N = 13, = 27.3 +/- 1.9; active N = 16, = 26.2 +/- 2.3). Rectal glucosamine synthetase activity was normal in the presence of active Crohn's proctocolitis (29.4 +/- 3.1) but raised in patients with Crohn's colitis and rectal sparing (37.2 +/- 4.9 P < 0.02). Glucosamine synthetase activity was strongly influence by the degree of epithelial preservation.
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PMID:Mucosal glucosamine synthetase activity in inflammatory bowel disease. 813 90

Following reports of enhanced humoral immunity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in patients with Crohn's disease, and identification of an immunodominant, high molecular weight glycoprotein (gp200), we have investigated the cellular immune response to this yeast in normal individuals. Following exposure to a crude saline extract (Sacc), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from these subjects demonstrated dose-dependent increases in tritiated thymidine incorporation, the time-course of which resembled that of the response to the known recall antigens PPD and TT. This was accompanied by increased cytotoxicity of the cultured cells for natural killer (NK)-sensitive and NK-resistant target cell lines. Furthermore, using a purified, high molecular weight, glycoprotein fraction of Sacc in culture, a dose-dependent lymphoproliferative response was again observed. Stimulation indices (SI) for thymidine incorporation by umbilical cord blood lymphocytes exposed to Sacc were low compared with those of normal adults. These results provide evidence for possible antigen-specific, cellular, immune sensitization of normal individuals to a ubiquitous dietary component.
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PMID:In vitro human lymphocyte proliferative responses to a glycoprotein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 815 73

We have compared the dose requirements, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfentanil in 12 patients with Crohn's disease and 10 control patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and alfentanil protein binding were also measured. Anaesthesia was induced with alfentanil 100 micrograms kg-1 and thiopentone, and maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen and alfentanil 25-200 micrograms kg-1 h-1. Arterial blood samples were obtained before and after each change in the alfentanil infusion rate and for 6 h after stopping the infusion. Pharmacokinetic data were derived using non-compartmental methods. Alfentanil concentration-effect data were evaluated by non-linear regression, where effect was either response or no response to surgical stimulation. Mean intraoperative alfentanil requirement was greater in patients with Crohn's disease (2.48 micrograms kg-1 min-1) than in control patients (1.35 micrograms kg-1 min-1) (P < 0.01). Mean elimination half-life, total plasma clearance and steady state distribution volume in patients with Crohn's disease were comparable to those in control patients (80 vs 81 min, 5.7 vs 6.4 ml kg-1 min-1 and 0.70 vs 0.68 litre kg-1, respectively). Mean plasma concentration at which the probability of no response was 50% for the intra-abdominal period of surgery was greater in the Crohn group (359 ng ml-1) than in the control group (199 ng ml-1) (P < 0.02). Plasma AAG concentrations were greater in the Crohn group, but the free fraction of alfentanil was similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of Crohn's disease on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfentanil. 828 May 48

The reliability and clinical applications of computerised image analysis measurement of bowel uptake of Tc-99m HMPAO labelled leucocytes has been examined as a measure of disease activity in Crohn's disease. In 54 studies carried out on 33 patients with established Crohn's disease, the mean 'scan score', a quantitative assessment of image intensity, was 82.1 SEM (13.6), in patients with clinically active disease compared to 24.7 (7.0) in those with quiescent disease, p < or = 0.0005. A significant correlation was found between the scan score and Crohn's Disease Activity Index (rs = 0.52, p < 0.0001), and Harvey and Bradshaw Simple Index (rs = 0.4, p < 0.004). A low scan score correctly identified seven patients whose raised Crohn's Disease Activity Index incorrectly indicated active disease because symptoms used in calculation of the index were not caused by active inflammation. Of the laboratory measurements, the scan score correlated with the haemoglobin (rs = 0.66, p < 0.0001), albumin level (rs = -0.6, p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (rs = 0.7, p < 0.0001), alpha-acid glycoprotein (rs = 0.57, p < 0.001), and platelet count (rs = 0.47, p < or = 0.006), but not with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (rs = 0.2, p < or = 0.25). The scan score was raised in all patients who had clinically active disease but normal laboratory tests. The results of this study indicate that the scan score provides an objective indicator of disease activity in Crohn's disease which may be superior to clinical indices, and also to laboratory tests which although objective are often normal in the presence of active disease.
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PMID:Quantification of disease activity in Crohn's disease by computer analysis of Tc-99m hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) labelled leucocyte images. 843 55

Patients with ulcerative colitis are usually non- or ex-smokers in contrast to Crohn's disease where smoking is common. Abnormalities of quantity and quality of intestinal mucus have been postulated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. It is possible that smoking habit may exert its effects via changes in mucus in inflammatory bowel disease. We have therefore studied incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into synthesized colonic mucin in explants from 85 controls with normal colonoscopic appearances and histology, including 27 smokers and 58 nonsmokers, 36 patients with ulcerative colitis and 19 with ileocolonic Crohn's disease over 24 h in tissue culture. Incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into normal explants was 31.3 +/- (SD) 7.1 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, incorporation was increased in patients with active Crohn's disease (mean 41.2 +/- (SD) 10.4 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.003), decreased in inactive ulcerative colitis (mean 24.1 +/- 7.8 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.0006) but normal in active ulcerative colitis (mean 35.0 +/- 13.8 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.44). No significant relationship was found between cigarette smoking habits and mucus synthesis in controls with normal mucosa (nonsmokers, n = 58, mean 31.0 +/- (SD) 7.52 dpm/microgram biopsy protein; smokers, n = 27, mean 31.8 +/- (SD) 6.1 dpm/microgram biopsy protein, p = 0.9). This study shows that mucus glycoprotein synthesis is reduced in inactive ulcerative colitis, rising to normal levels in active disease and that synthesis is increased in Crohn's disease. There is no effect of smoking on mucus synthesis by control biopsies suggesting that the differences seen in inflammatory bowel disease are not related to cigarette smoking.
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PMID:Abnormal mucosal glycoprotein synthesis in inflammatory bowel diseases is not related to cigarette smoking. 854 79


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