Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010346 (Crohn's disease)
 21,615 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The absorption of 14C triolein in a standard fat meal was measured in 60 controls and 66 patients with gastrointestinal disorders by 14CO2 breath sampling. A reference range based upon cumulative eight hour values of the controls was independent of height, weight, and sex. The range was of log normal distribution and declined with age (p less than 0.05). Acceptable 'within-day' and 'between-day' reproducibility was found. All patients tested with untreated coeliac disease, pancreatic insufficiency and most with symptomatic small intestinal Crohn's disease had subnormal values. Twenty per cent of those with irritable bowel syndrome had subnormal values. Patients with ulcerative colitis were all normal. The reagents used and the breath samples after collection were stable. In our experience the 14C triolein test is simple, inexpensive, and helpful in the detection of diseases associated with fat malabsorption. It is of value in monitoring the response to treatment of individual patients with coeliac disease.
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PMID:14C triolein breath test: a routine test in the gastroenterology clinic? 379 16

Breath methane was studied in 394 subjects. Among 152 controls, 50.0% produced methane--42.1% of males and 57.9% of females. One hundred sixteen patients with gastrointestinal diseases were studied. Among 32 with Crohn's disease, only 2 (6.1%) produced methane, as well as 16 of 51 ulcerative colitis patients (31.4%) and 11 of 32 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (34.4%). Breath methane is thus unusual in Crohn's disease. After bowel cleansing for colonoscopy or surgery, 15 of 18 methane producers became nonproducers, whereas after antibiotic treatment, 24 of 30 producers sustained their methane-producing status. After gentamycin and cephazolin therapy, methane production was abolished in three of eight patients. Slight spontaneous variations in methane production were also noticed with two of 23 control subjects, becoming nonproducers on restudy after 10-25 months. Thus gastrointestinal diseases, bowel cleansing and, to a much lesser degree, antibiotic therapy, affect methane production.
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PMID:Factors affecting methane production in humans. Gastrointestinal diseases and alterations of colonic flora. 381 80

It is obvious from the above discussion that, whereas no really clear-cut animal model of IBD has been established, a number of specific insights into the nature of the human illness can be derived from the study of naturally occurring and induced gastrointestinal inflammations occurring in animals. One of the most important emerges from the finding that both immune complex deposition in the gastrointestinal tract as well as stimulation of the mucosal T-cell system results in an ulcerative colitis-like gastrointestinal inflammation. The simplest explanation of the fact that vastly different methods of inducing immune-mediated injury in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to a similar kind of gastrointestinal inflammation is that the inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract is rather restricted in its overall pathologic appearance and that the histologic lesions characteristic of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease can arise from primary disturbance of the B-cell system, the T-cell system, or both. Another explanation of this fact, however, is that no matter what the initial immunological disorder may be, the mechanism underlying the gastrointestinal inflammation ultimately comes to involve a response to materials in the mucosal environment so that pathologic events are inevitably channeled into an inflammatory pathway that is either ulcerative colitis-like or Crohn's disease-like in its final configuration. This second explanation is buttressed by other findings derived from the study of animal models which, in general, suggest that no matter what the initial result, an immunologic interaction against a constituent of the bowel flora determines the ultimate course of the gastrointestinal inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease--an overview. 390 9

Patients with Crohn's disease (n = 22), ulcerative colitis (n = 5), inactive Whipple's disease (n = 1), irritable bowel syndrome (n = 2), arthritis (n = 1) and Yersinia infections (n = 2) were examined with 111In-oxine labelled "mixed" leukocyte preparations (n = 12) or with 111In-oxine labelled "pure" granulocyte preparations (n = 21). Compared with barium enemas of the gut and colonoscopy, performed within of one week in 31 patients there was a correct location of infiltrated bowel segments in 24 patients (78%). The scan diagnosed more infiltrated segments in 4 patients (13%). In 3 patients it failed to diagnose one inflamed segment. In 24 patients the faecal 111In-excretion was expressed as percentage of the reinjected 111In-activity. All patients with non inflammatory bowel diseases and patients with inactive inflammatory bowel diseases excreted less than 2% of the reinjected 111In-activity. All but one female patient with active bowel disease excreted more than 2%. In 24 patients the correlation of ESR, CDAI and A.I. was available. There was a good correlation between ESR (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001), A.I. (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001) and the %-faecal faecal excretion. The 111In-labelling of white blood cells, especially of granulocytes, seems to be a reliable alternative method to localize infiltrated bowel segments and to assess disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, compared to usually performed radiological, endoscopical and clinical methods.
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PMID:[111In-oxine marked leukocytes: a method for diagnosing the location and evaluating the activity of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis]. 393 91

The value of the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) in defining clinical remission in Crohn's disease has been assessed in 71 studies using a new method to quantitate gut inflammatory activity: faecal 111In-labelled granulocyte excretion. The range of faecal 111In granulocyte excretion in the irritable bowel syndrome was found to be 0.2-1.9% (mean +/- SD 0.98 +/- 0.55%) of injected dose. 63 (89%) of studies with a CDAI less than 150 and 88% of studies with a serum albumin greater than 35 g/l had faecal 111In granulocyte excretion above the upper limit found in the irritable bowel syndrome ranging from 2.4% to 40%. This study shows that the majority of patients with Crohn's disease in clinical remission have significant gut inflammatory activity. Whether treatment of this activity will alter the natural history of the disease needs prospective evaluation.
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PMID:Clinical remission in Crohn's disease--assessment using faecal 111In granulocyte excretion. 394 92

The frequency of an abnormal duodenal loop (AD) was investigated in 36 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and in a sex- and age-matched control group of patients with Crohn's disease. The frequency was significantly higher in the patients with IBS than in the control group (41% versus 18%; p less than 0.02). Among IBS patients with AD, the frequency of food-provoked pain was higher than in IBS patients with a normal duodenum (65% versus 21%; p less than 0.01). We conclude that AD may be one of the reasons for complaints in IBS.
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PMID:Abnormal duodenal loop in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 395 53

The smoking habits of 145 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were compared with those of 63 patients with ulcerative colitis and 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Patients with IBS and ulcerative colitis smoked significantly less than those with Crohn's disease. There was no significant difference in the smoking prevalence between ulcerative colitis and IBS patients. There were significantly more ex-smokers in the ulcerative colitis group and two-thirds of these patients developed their colitis within a year of stopping smoking. It is suggested that any protective role postulated for smoking in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis should also be considered for IBS.
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PMID:Smoking in inflammatory bowel disease and the irritable bowel syndrome. 395 88

Adverse reactions to foods can be due to many causes, but only those involving an immunological mechanism can be defined as food allergic disease. An increasing number of gastrointestinal and other diseases are being shown to involve food intolerances. Immediate reactions with symptoms within hours of eating a particular food are most readily shown to be due to food allergy and are often associated with the presence of food-specific IgE as shown by skin prick tests and RASTs. When reactions are delayed for 24 to 48 hours or more, underlying food intolerance is harder to recognize and much less often shown to be due to allergy. At present, diagnosis and management depends on dietary manipulation, showing that symptoms improve on food avoidance and are reproduced by food challenge (preferably double-blind). Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in food allergy, in Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome may allow the development of simple tests to identify the foods concerned and perhaps, in the case of allergic disease, cure by the induction of tolerance.
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PMID:Symptoms of food allergy. 406 57

Dietary intakes of two groups of gastrointestinal patients, one group with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)--Crohn's disease or chronic ulcerative colitis--and the other with functional disorders (FD)--irritable bowel syndrome, nonulcer dyspepsia, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, were assessed by means of 48-hour recalls. The relationships between dietary intake and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were examined. The IBD group had lower mean serum albumin and hemoglobin levels (p less than .05); however, FD patients had less adequate diets. The mean energy intake of women with FD was significantly lower than that of women with IBD (p less than .05) and was associated with inadequate or marginal intakes of many nutrients. Comparison of nutrient intakes between the IBD and FD groups revealed a significantly lower mean intake of folate, ascorbic acid, and vitamin A for women with FD than for women with IBD (p less than .05). In general, women had poorer diets and a higher prevalence of abnormal biochemical parameters than men. One notable feature of the dietary pattern of the women was that they consumed less meat than the general population consumed. Increasing meat consumption would improve the intake of many nutrients, including protein and iron. The results of this study suggest that more attention should be given to the adequacy of dietary intakes of gastrointestinal patients in general and of women in particular.
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PMID:Nutritional status of gastroenterology outpatients: comparison of inflammatory bowel disease with functional disorders. 406 54

Reaginic hypersensitivity in ulcerative colitis has been investigated in respect of a hypersensitivity to the cow's milk proteins and the frequency of atopic asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Intradermal tests were frequently positive, especially to casein, but the results did not differ from those found in healthy individuals and in groups of patients with Crohn's disease, hypolactasia, and the irritable colon syndrome. No circulating IgE-specific antibodies to the milk proteins were found. An increased frequency of atopic diseases was found in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (15.7%) and Crohn's disease (13.3%) compared with the findings in a control group (1.2%). It is concluded that, if an allergy to milk proteins is a factor in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, it is not mediated by reaginic antibodies. It is possible, however, that the frequent occurrence of atopy indicates a susceptibility to develop reaginic responses even though this mechanism does not apply to the milk proteins.
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PMID:Reaginic hypersensitivity in ulcerative colitis. 464 93


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