Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of 17-year-old male adolescent immunocompetent patient with an operated transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard technique admitted to our hospital because of a cough and hemoptysis. Two nodules and an area of ground glass appearance located in the lower lobe of the left lung were diagnosed by ultrafast computed tomography (UF-CT) after ruling out cardiovascular complications. The gastric aspirate revealed acid-fast bacilli despite a repeatedly negative tuberculin skin test identified as Mycobacterium gordonae by the Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic Test. After an initial standard antimycobacterial therapy with isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide the therapy was changed to clarithromycin and after a treatment course of 14 days, the UF-CT revealed a normal scan of both lungs. The case described suggests that one has to consider M. gordonae as a rare cause of infection even in immunocompetent patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium gordonae in an adolescent immunocompetent patient. 925 67

Despite its clinical relevance, an extensive literature search for papers reporting on the relationship between prolonged cough and lung cancer revealed only one paper from a specialized setting. No study originating from primary care could be identified.
Br J Gen Pract 1997 Aug
PMID:Prolonged cough and lung cancer: the need for more general practice research to inform clinical decision-making. 930 92

The airway surface liquid (ASL) is the thin layer of fluid coating the luminal surface of airway epithelial cells at an air interface. Its composition and osmolality are thought to be important in normal airway physiology and in airway diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. The determinants of ASL osmolality include epithelial cell solute and water transport properties, evaporative water loss, and the composition of secreted fluids. We developed a noninvasive approach to measure ASL osmolality using osmotically sensitive 400-nm-diam liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylcholine (1:0.3:0.08 molar ratio). Calcein was encapsulated in the liposomes at self-quenching concentrations (30 mM) as a volume-sensitive marker, together with sulforhodamine 101 (2 mM) as a volume-insensitive reference. Liposome calcein/sulforhodamine 101 fluorescence ratios responded rapidly (< 0.2 s) and stably to changes in solution osmolality. ASL osmolality was determined from calcein/sulforhodamine 101 fluorescence ratios after addition of microliter quantities of liposome suspensions to the ASL. In bovine airway epithelial cells cultured on porous supports at an air-liquid interface, ASL thickness (by confocal microscopy) was 22 microm and osmolality was 325 +/- 12 mOsm. In anesthetized mice in which a transparent window was created in the trachea, ASL thickness was 55 microm and osmolality was 330 +/- 36 mOsm. ASL osmolality was not affected by pharmacological inhibition of CFTR in airway cell cultures or by genetic deletion of CFTR in knockout mice. ASL osmolality could be increased substantially to > 400 mOsm by exposure of the epithelium to dry air; the data were modeled mathematically using measured rates of osmosis and evaporative water loss. These results establish a ratio imaging method to map osmolality in biological compartments. ASL fluid is approximately isosmolar under normal physiological conditions, but can become hyperosmolar when exposed to dry air, which may induce cough and airway reactivity in some patients.
J Gen Physiol 2001 May
PMID:Airway surface liquid osmolality measured using fluorophore-encapsulated liposomes. 1133 51

Professional and parental uncertainty regarding the natural history of cough and respiratory tract infection (R77) in pre-school children may in part be responsible for the high consultation, reconsultation, and antibiotic prescribing rates in this age group. The aim of the study was to review the evidence about the natural history of acute cough in children aged between 0 and 4 years presenting to primary care in terms of illness duration and complications. The study was a systematic review, with qualitative and quantitative data synthesis, of control and placebo arms of systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and cohort studies set in primary care. Searches were done of MEDLINE (between 1966 and June 1998), EMBASE (between 1988 and September 1998), and the Cochrane Library databases, using the MeSH terms 'respiratory tract infection, 'cough, and 'bronchitis, and the textwords 'cough' 'bronchitis, and 'chest infection, limited to children aged between 0 and 4years, and English language articles. Eight RCTs and two cohort studies met the review criteria. At one week, 75% of children may have improved but 50% may be still coughing and/or have a nasal discharge. At two weeks up to 24% of children may be no better. Within two weeks of presentation, 12% of children may experience one or more complication, such as rash, painful ears, diarrhoea, vomiting, or progression to bronchitis/pneumonia. This review offers parents and clinicians more prognostic information about acute cough in pre-school children. Illness duration may be longer and complications higher than many parents and clinicians expect. This may help to set more realistic expectations of the illness and help parents to decide when and if to reconsult. This information may be useful to those designing patient information and self-help resources.
Br J Gen Pract 2002 May
PMID:The natural history of acute cough in children aged 0 to 4 years in primary care: a systematic review. 1254 44

The use of tympanic thermometry is attractive in primary care, but a recent systematic review highlighted the paucity of data comparing tympanic thermometry with conventional methods. We report a study of 94 preschool children presenting to primary care in the United Kingdom (UK) with acute cough in whom tympanic infrared and axillary mercury thermometry are compared. Infrared thermometry showed poor agreement, poor sensitivity and high specificity. Infrared thermometry is too insensitive to be used as a screening test for fever, but when fever is already suspected, for example by touch, it may be useful as a 'rule in' test.
Br J Gen Pract 2004 Jun
PMID:The use of infrared thermometry for the detection of fever. 1552 18

Growth of the whooping-cough morbidity during the last years in Russia and other countries with 40-year-long history of immunization gave rise to significant interest of researchers to variability of the Bordetella pertussis population. Comparative assay of the genomes of the B. pertussis strains circulating in St. Petersburg in 1998-2000 and strains used to produce domestic vaccines AKDS was performed using the pulse-field electrophoresis and sequencing. It was found that most strains of B. pertussis circulating during this period were distinguished from the vaccine strains by the DNA-profile and structure of genes involved in encoding of biosynthesis of the S1 subunit of the whooping-cough toxin (ptxS1) and pertactin (prn). It was shown that 62% of wild-type strains had electrophoretic profiles IV alpha and IV beta, whereas vaccine strains had electrophoretic profiles II and III. Circulation of strains with profiles IV alpha and IV beta was found to correlate with the whooping-cough morbidity rate in vaccinated children. Our results and data of other researchers were compared and analyzed.
Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 2006
PMID:[Molecular typing of the strains of Bordetella pertussis circulating in St. Petersburg during an outbreak of the disease]. 1709 52

Broncholithiasis is frequently associated with hemoptysis and infection. The most common cause of the disease is the presence of calcified material in a bronchus or in a cavity communicating with a bronchus. We present two cases of broncholithiasis treated by surgery. Case 1 involves a 57-year-old woman who presented with cough and bloody sputum. She had suffered from recurrent pneumonia in the left lower lobe caused by broncholithiasis for 2 years. We performed left S6 segmentectomy with bronchoplasty after unsuccessful bronchoscopic removal. Case 2 is a 65-year-old man who had had hilar tuberculous lymphoadenopathy at the age of 20. Recently he had suffered from recurrent bloody sputum and pulmonary suppuration for 3 years. We performed right upper lobectomy because the right B3 was occluded by inflammatory granulation with calcification. Postoperatively, these two patients have been alive and well with no complications. The indications of surgery for broncholithiasis include a difficult bronchoscopic broncholithectomy, massive hemoptysis, and irreversible complications such as chronic pulmonary suppurative disease.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007 Mar
PMID:Broncholithiasis managed by surgical resection. 1744 14

The constellation of chronic cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis can include a broad range of differential diagnoses. Although uncommon, exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) should be considered when patients present with this symptom complex. We report a case of a 72-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis, cough, and dyspnea. The admission computed tomography scan of the chest revealed progressive interstitial infiltrates. Bronchoscopy revealed diffuse erythema without bleeding. Culture and cytology of lavage fluid were negative. Open-lung biopsy revealed numerous lipid-laden macrophages and multinucleated foreign-body giant cells. On further questioning, the patient admitted to the daily use of mineral oil for constipation. The diagnosis of ELP was made. The literature review revealed that many cases typically present with chronic cough with or without dyspnea. Our case illustrates an unusual presenting symptom of hemoptysis and the need to identify patients who can be at risk of developing this rare condition.
J Gen Intern Med 2007 Nov
PMID:Not your typical pneumonia: a case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia. 1784 47

As travel increases, histoplasmosis as an imported mycosis that has the potential to increase abruptly in Japan. A 56-year-old Japanese man who had been in Bolivia for 2 years complained of a dry cough. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple lesions in the right and left lower lobes of his lung that were difficult to diagnose and differentiate from advanced lung cancer. We performed surgical resection for biopsy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. An intraoperative histopathological examination suggested a diagnosis of tuberculoma, but Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was not detected in the tumor tissue. Further histopathological examination, however, strongly suggested a diagnosis of histoplasmosis because multiple small, round yeast foci were observed after Grocott staining. The serological test was positive for anti-Histoplasma capsulatum and confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and fluconazole was administrated for 90 days after the operation. Concerning imported mycoses, physicians should be keep abreast of updated and detailed information.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007 Aug
PMID:Pulmonary histoplasmosis as an example of imported mycoses in Japan. 1786 81

Cavernous lymphangioma is a rare mediastinal benign tumor. A 43-year-old woman presented with cough and dyspnea for 1 month. Computed tomography of the chest showed a 3-cm well-circumscribed cystic mass in the posterior mediastinum. At thoracotomy, a cystic tumor in the mediastinum that was adherent to the descending aorta and esophagus was removed completely. The tumor, the cystic space of which was filled with lymph fluid, was diagnosed as cavernous lymphangioma based on pathological findings. Mediastinal lymphangiomas may insinuate into surrounding organs. As incomplete resection can result in recurrence, complete tumor removal should be performed based on accurate preoperative evaluation.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008 Feb
PMID:Mediastinal cavernous lymphangioma in an adult. 1829 66


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