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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In chronic bronchitis, disorders of the physical and chemical properties of mucus may contribute to bronchial obstruction. The abnormalities are analysed in sputum collected by physiotherapy. Measurements of the rheological properties (apparent viscosity and strain recovery), content analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and of serum albumin, and determination of the transport velocity of sputum on the ciliated frog palate provide reliable indices of the functional capacity of bronchial mucosa. The effectiveness of mucociliary clearance and coughing is analysed in patients by measuring the rate of removal of radioactive particles deposited on proximal airways. Different types of pathological secretions may be observed. In subjects with occasional cough and sputum, the secretions are characterized by a high content of S-IgA and serum albumin, and a high viscosity and low elasticity, reflecting their high degree of cross-linking. In chronic bronchitics, the S-IgA content and viscoelastic properties of sputum decrease as the illness progresses. During infection, purulent sputum exhibits high viscosity and low strain recovery. Such modifications of the rheological properties of mucus may impair mucociliary clearance. The role of the elastic component is predominant. Sputum, characterized by very low strain recovery (SR less than 4 units) or conversely by very high strain recovery (SR greater than 15 units), is transported at a low rate by mucociliary clearance. A marked hyperviscosity (no greater than 200 poises (120 N s m-2)) also appears as a limiting factor of the mucociliary clearance.
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PMID:Criteria for evaluating mucus functions and their disorders in chronic bronchitis. 24 16

Studies were performed on 13 Polynesian children who suffered from recurrent respiratory disease characterised by cough, wheeze, tachypnoea and radiological opacities. Only one was substantially underweight. Most had iron deficiency anaemia. Serum IgG levels were high with a less definite trend to raised IgA and IgM levels. Precipitating antibodies to cow's milk protein were found in 6 out of 10 children tested who were currently on cow's milk feeds. The proportion of rosette-forming lymphocytes was reduced in 8 of the 12 tested. The Mantoux test using using 10 TU of PPD was negative in 7 out of 10 children who had had BCG in the newborn period. The likelihood of cow's milk contributing to the respiratory disease in these children is discussed.
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PMID:Recurrent respiratory disease in Polynesian children. 27 98

Hyperviscosity syndrome was associated with increased plasma content of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgA or IgM) in 3 dogs with lymphocytic leukemia. The diagnosis of lymphocytic leukemia was based on the finding of a large number of mature lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. The clinical signs included weakness, lethargy, depression, and coughing due to congestive heart failure. Consistent physical findings were splenomegaly, with or without peripheral lymphadenopathy, and funduscopic abnormalities. Of the 2 dogs treated successfully with chlorambucil, 1 remains in remission after withdrawal of the drug for over 1 year.
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PMID:Hyperviscosity syndrome associated with lymphocytic leukemia in three dogs. 40 53

The main purpose of the paper was to find a possible relationship between smoking and immunological disorders, which are to be the common ground for chronic respiratory diseases. Measurements of IgG and IgA in saliva and blood serum were performed in 87 persons during medical check-up before admission to work in a sulphur mine. Persons with cough and/or sputum production usually in the morning or during the day or at night were defined as positive symptoms. From the study, different immunoglobulin patterns have emerged in saliva and serum in relation to smoking. IgG content in saliva of smokers was lower and IgA higher than in non-smokers. Levels of both immunoglobulins in serum were lower among smokers. In persons with respiratory symptoms IgG content in saliva was markedly lower especially in smokers.
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PMID:IgG and IgA in saliva and blood serum in relation to smoking and respiratory symptoms. 54 78

The anatomical distribution of plasma cells and other cells containing immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract, and the relative proportions of the immunoglobulin classes have been estimated on necropsy tissues from nine adult human subjects without respiratory disease, five non-smokers and four smokers, none of whom had cough or sputum. Cell counts on multiple sections stained by immunofluorescent methods for the presence of immunoglobulin were carried out on the upper trachea, main bronchus, and lower lobe bronchus. Cells containing immunoglobulin were found mostly in the submucous glands but were also present in the lamina propria of the tracheal and bronchial epithelium. These cells were present in the greatest concentration in the main bronchus and were always present in the lobar bronchus and, in most subjects, in the upper trachea. The cells were not always present round small bronchi and bronchioles and were virtually absent from alveolar walls. Cells containing IgA were much more numerous than those containing other immunoglobulin classes in all subjects except one, in whom IgG and IgE cells were equally numerous. Two subjects appeared to be significantly different from the rest. One non-smoking subject had a marked deficiency of IgA cells at all sampling sites, and one smoker had a marked excess of IgA cells. In spite of these two subjects there was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers except in the lobar bronchus where the smokers had significantly more IgA cells than the non-smokers.
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PMID:Distribution of plasma cells and other cells containing immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract of normal man and class of immunoglobulin contained therein. 78 99

A 53-year-old woman was admitted on 13th October 1988 with symptoms of dry cough and shortness of breath persisting for 1 year. On physical examination, fine crackles were audible over her back. Chest X-ray showed bilateral reticulonodular shadows and collapse of the bilateral lower lobes. Chest CT showed patchy areas of increased density distributed predominantly in the subpleural zone. Laboratory data on admission showed thrombocytopenia, hypergammopathy (IgG, 2044 mg/dl; IgA, 286 mg/dl; IgM, 1645 mg/dl), and positive ANF. Further examinations demonstrated that anti-platelet and anti-centromere antibodies were positive in the serum, and the titer of PA-IgG was high (56 ng/10(7) platelets). Histopathological examination of the open lung biopsy demonstrated honeycombing and thickening of the alveolar walls, with slight infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. These histopathological findings were comparable with usual interstitial pneumonia. We report a very rare case of chronic interstitial pneumonia complicated by benign monoclonal gammopathy and thrombocytopenia. Although it remains unclear, these abnormalities may have been caused by immunological mechanisms.
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PMID:[A case of chronic interstitial pneumonia with benign monoclonal gammopathy (IgM-k) and thrombocytopenia]. 140 92

We report a patient with systemic plasmacytosis with polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia who at presentation showed a blood and bone marrow picture suggestive of plasma cell leukemia. A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of marked hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. She had leukocytosis with 42% plasmacytes, and plasma cells were increased also in her bone marrow (32.6%). She had marked polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia with increased IgG, IgA and IgE. IgM and IgD were normal. She complained of cough and dyspnea. Her general condition was too poor to remove a lymph node for pathological examination. After treatment with daunorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (DVP), her lymphadenopathy diminished rapidly, the immunoglobulins decreased and the plasma cells in her blood disappeared. She achieved a complete remission and has been in good condition without further treatment for 24 months.
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PMID:[Systemic plasmacytosis with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and numerous plasma cells in the blood]. 157 43

A 39-year-old man developed paroxysmal cough, occasional vomiting after cough, and subconjunctival hemorrhage. His illness was complicated by episodes of seizure, with clonic movements of the arms and legs, brief loss of consciousness, and confusion. The episodes were triggered by mild, unremarkable coughing paroxysms. A diagnosis of pertussis was confirmed serologically by measurement of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. Serologic studies confirmed the presence of Bordetella pertussis infection in the patient's 10-year-old daughter and suggested that his wife was infected as well. This case report illustrates the occurrence of typical pertussis with serious complications in an adult. Further research is required to determine the scope of this problem and the need for a program of adult immunization against pertussis.
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PMID:Pertussis encephalopathy in an adult: case report and review. 177 35

Development of antibody titres in non-vaccinated children with whooping cough of different duration (all confirmed by positive culture) were investigated by ELISA using lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF, pertussis toxin), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), 69 kDa protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as antigens. The antibody responses occur in three different patterns: Firstly, the LPF antibody response develops very quickly starting with the first day of clinical cough with all three classes, IgG, IgM and IgA appearing simultaneously; LPF antibody appears to be a dominant feature. Secondly, FHA and 69 kDa antibodies appear, starting as IgM with the shift to IgG and IgA later. The third pattern is represented by LPS antibody, the IgA appearing early, but with IgM predominant. Higher titres of IgG reacting with LPS were observed in vaccinated children. Transplacental transfer of antibody was also studied. All antibody titres determined in maternal blood and cord blood were proportional except for anti-LPS antibody which was retarded. Most IgG antibody was IgG1 subclass; surprisingly the 69 kDa antibody consisted of a mixture of approx. 90% IgG1 and 10% IgG4.
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PMID:Analysis of antibody profiles in children with whooping cough. 177 18

Whooping cough continues to be a major childhood disease in parts of West Germany. At age six, more than one third of the children in our area have had pertussis according to parental information, whereas only 12% received a specific vaccination. During a four-year period from 1984 to 1987, a total of 2,881 clinically diagnosed cases of whooping cough were investigated. The children had a mean age of 4.1 years, 11% of all patients were younger than one year and 6% of the patients were adults with a mean age of 35.8 years. No sex difference was observed in children (less than 20 years) with clinically overt whooping cough. The seasonal distribution showed that whooping cough was present throughout the year, peaking in early winter. In relation to clinical symptoms, the isolation rate of Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis from nasopharyngeal swabs continuously decreased with the duration of paroxysms, starting with 56% positive swabs on day 1. Titers (greater than or equal to 1:100) of IgA-antibodies to B. pertussis antigens increased with the duration of paroxysmal coughing. B. pertussis, however, was also isolated from 152 of 964 patients without the clinical signs of whooping cough. IgA-antibodies were also found in 522 patients with non-typical respiratory symptoms, but not in healthy blood donors. Children with clinically diagnosed whooping cough were compared to a group of children showing the symptoms but without any clinical or laboratory signs of whooping cough. We can assume from our data that the incidence and duration of non-paroxysmal coughing, the nocturnal increase in coughing, fever, auscultatory findings and a contact anamnesis occurred with a similar frequency in the whooping cough group and the control group. Apart from the typical paroxysmal fits, whooping and vomiting were found significantly more often in the pertussis group. At least 19% of patients with a recent infection with B. pertussis, however, were not diagnosed by clinical symptoms. The leukocyte count differed only marginally between the three groups and was of no great diagnostic value. A relative lymphocytosis, however, was found significantly more often in whooping cough patients and in patients with laboratory-diagnosed infection with B. pertussis. Our study indicates that part of the symptomatology and some laboratory findings in whooping cough patients in endemic areas of West Germany may differ from the classical form of the disease. Furthermore, our data stress the importance of an accurate procedure in diagnosing B. pertussis infection, and this can be facilitated by a combination of bacteriological and serological tests.
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PMID:The epidemiological situation of pertussis in the Federal Republic of Germany. 177 29


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