Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent fever, severe cough and sputum. Chest radiological examinations showed diffuse reticulonodular opacities in both lung fields. Interstitial pneumonia with probable polymyositis was diagnosed. Serum surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-D and KL-6, which are new interstitial lung disease markers, showed values significantly higher than cutoff levels. The markers increased more in parallel with the rapid development of respiratory insufficiency, CPK level, myalgia and proximal muscle weakness. Treatment with a high dose of corticosteroid and the following gradual decrease over 8 months led to clinical and radiological improvement, with normalization of values of the markers. These markers may therefore be reliable indicators of therapeutic success. However, these markers underwent different respective changes during the first 2 months. SP-A reached a maximum at the start of the treatment, while SP-D and KL-6 peaked at 5 and 10 days, respectively, after the treatment was initiated. This discrepancy demonstrates that the markers reach the bloodstream by diverse mechanisms and are useful for analyzing pathophysiological alterations in the lung in the early stages of treatment.
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PMID:[New serum markers to monitor treatment of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease]. 1148 32

There have been only a few reports of bronchorrhea in patients with metastatic pulmonary carcinoma. We report a case of suspected lung metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma with bronchorrhea, which was radiologically similar to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. A 67-year-old man who had previously undergone surgical resection of pancreatic carcinoma was admitted because of a progressive cough producing copious amounts of serous sputum. A chest radiograph on admission revealed an infiltrative shadow with air bronchograms and ground glass opacities in the left middle and lower lung fields. A chest CT scan revealed a consolidative shadow with air bronchograms and bubble-like lucencies similar to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in the left lower lobe. The histopathological features of the specimen obtained by transbronchial biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma with a pattern identical to that of the pancreatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-SP-A antibody was entirely negative but those with anti-CA 19-9, Dupan 2 and CA 50 were positive in both lung and pancreatic tumors. These results strongly suggest that the pulmonary carcinoma was a metastasis of cystic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. In summary, for a definitive diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, extrapulmonary adenocarcinoma as a primary site should first be ruled out.
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PMID:[A case of suspected lung metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma with bronchorrhea similar to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]. 1242 95

A 29-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever elevation, dry cough, malaise, skin eruption, and dyspnea with hypoxemia. His serum levels of surfactant protein (SP) -A and SP-D were markedly high, but serum KL-6 was not. He was diagnosed as acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) on the basis of CT imaging, bronchoalveolar lavage findings and the clinical course. He showed good response to steroid therapy and serum levels of SP-A and SP-D returned to almost normal levels. Our experience suggested that serum SP-A and SP-D might be helpful markers for monitoring the clinical course in AEP.
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PMID:Elevated serum surfactant protein A and D in a case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia. 1520 58

A 45-year-old Japanese electrical engineer was admitted to our department of internal medicine on August 12, 2003, because of a sudden high fever and severe hypoxic respiratory failure. At a barbecue with his family on August 3 beside a nearby river, he had been exposed to the smoke. From August 4 to 11, he had suffered fatigue, fever, dry cough and progressive dyspnea. On admission, his SpO2 was 84%, and computed tomography scanning showed patchy ground glass opacity, thickened bronchial walls, and bilateral pleural effusions. The eosinophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased to 52.4%. Noticeably, the KL-6, SP-A and SP-D levels in the serum were elevated to 197 U/ml, 188 ng/ml and 137 ng/ml, and their levels in BALF had also increased to 225 U/ml, 890 ng/ml and 1110 ng/ml, respectively. The lymphocyte stimulation test was negative, and the cultures of blood and BALF did not grow any pathogens. The patient had smoked 1 pack of per cigarettes day for 25 years and showed no sign of atopic illness. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) was diagnosed, and responded dramatically to treatment with oxygen and corticosteroids. The dissociation between the normal KL-6 levels and the elevated SP-A and SP-D levels in the serum and BAL fluid may play an important role in cases of AEP.
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PMID:[A case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia with a disassociation between the KL-6 level and SP-A and SP-D levels in the serum and BAL fluid]. 1535 66

A 37-year-old-woman was admitted to our hospital because of chest bilateral reticular shadow with fever, cough, general malaise and exertional dyspnea in the summer. A diagnosis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP) was made by radiological, serological and histological examinations. Her 10-year-old daughter had chest reticular shadows and similar symptoms. These two patients were positive for serum anti-Trichosporon cutaneum (T. asahii, T. mucoides) antibodies and T. asahii was identified from cultured samples obtained from their house. They recovered spontaneously after hospitalization or isolation from the antigen. We reviewed the clinical features in sixteen families with familial SHP reported in Japan. Children aged under 15 years old accounted for 34% and there was no gender difference among patients. This finding differs from the conventionally defined features of patients with SHP. Measurements of serum KL-6, SP-D and SP-A seem to be useful for auxiliary diagnosis and monitoring the disease activity of SHP, especially in pediatric cases who cannot undergo invasive evaluation.
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PMID:[Familial summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis--case report and review of literature]. 1636 68

Serum surfactant protein (SP)-A has been postulated to associate with pulmonary fibrosis, but its role in cigarette smoking-related lung diseases is undefined. SP-A levels in plasma and induced sputum in nonsmokers, smokers with respiratory symptoms (cough and/or phlegm) and symptom-free smokers were assessed using a validated EIA method. A total of 474 current smokers without any diseases or medications were enrolled and followed for 2 yrs with 111 of them succeeding in stopping. Plasma SP-A level was detectable in all subjects and elevated in smokers independently of the symptoms compared to nonsmokers (p = 0.001). After 2 yrs of follow-up, the SP-A level was higher in those who continued smoking compared to the quitters (p<0.001). Plasma SP-A levels were associated with age, smoking history and lung function. Sputum (n = 109) SP-A was nondetectable in most nonsmokers, whereas smoking and symptoms increased sputum SP-A highly significantly (p = 0.001). In conclusion, SP-A may be involved in pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-related lung diseases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of SP-A in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Elevation of surfactant protein A in plasma and sputum in cigarette smokers. 2127 86

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is becoming one of the main causes of death of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The prevalence of ILD associated with SSc (SSc-ILD) varies from 33% to 100% according to diagnostic methods. Clinical features such as dyspnea on exertion, dry cough, and chest pains are not specific and usually late-appearing, implying more specific tests in the diagnostic, prognosis, and follow-up of ILD in patients with SSc. High resolution thoracic CT scanner (HRCT) is more sensitive than chest X-ray in the detection of SSc-ILD. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are non-invasive and periodically used to assess the impacts of SSc on respiratory function. Diagnostic values of bronchoalveolar lavage and histological examination on lung biopsy are controversial. However, these techniques are essential for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of SSc-ILD. Several biomarkers such as surfactant-A (SP-A), -D (SP-D), mucin-like high molecular weight glycoprotein (KL-6), and chemokine CCL-18 have been implicated in SSc-PID. Serum levels of these proteins are correlated with the severity of SSc-ILD, as assessed by HRCT and/or PFT. Finally, alveolar concentration of exhaled nitric oxide can be used to screen SSc patients with high risk of deterioration of respiratory function, in whom immunosuppressant treatment could be useful in preventing the evolution to irreversible lung fibrosis.
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PMID:[Use of pulmonary function tests and biomarkers studies to diagnose and follow-up interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis]. 2545 18

A 7-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was admitted to our hospital, because of cough with sputum. She was diagnosed as having canine eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) based on blood eosinophilia, bronchial pattern and infiltrative shadow observed on thoracic radiography, bronchiolar obstruction and air-space consolidation predominantly affecting the right caudal lung lobe, as revealed by computed tomography (CT), predominant eosinophils in CT-guided fine needle aspiration and the clinical course. She exhibited a good response to steroid therapy, and the cough disappeared. The serum surfactant protein (SP)-A level increased with the aggravated symptom and decreased markedly with improvement compared with the C-reactive protein level and the number of eosinophils. We propose that serum SP-A level is a good biomarker in CEP.
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PMID:Elevation of serum surfactant protein-A with exacerbation in canine eosinophilic pneumonia. 2630 Apr 38

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a large group of disorders, most of which lead to progressive scarring of lung tissue. The scarring associated with ILD eventually affects your ability to breathe and get enough oxygen into your bloodstream. The typical symptoms of ILD are shortness of breath at rest or aggravated by exertion and dry cough. In this study, we enrolled a family with ILDs from central south region of China. Three patients suffered from repeated cough and shortness of breath. The high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) testing further confirmed the diagnosis of interstitial lung lesions. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were applied to detect the genetic lesion of the family. By employing WES, a novel heterozygous mutation (NM_001098668: c.554C>T/p.A185V) of surfactant protein A2 (SFTPA2) was identified in the affected individuals and absent in the healthy members. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that this mutation is disease-causing mutation and located in an evolutionarily conserved site of SFTPA2 protein. The novel mutation may disrupt the stability of SFTPA2 protein and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, finally leading to ILD under the influence of microorganisms. Our study not only expands the spectrum of SFTPA2 mutations but also helps the family members to mitigate ILD risk factors. The study also supplements and improves genetic testing strategies and ILD risk estimation methodologies for China.
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PMID:Identification of a Missense Mutation in the Surfactant Protein A2 Gene in a Chinese Family with Interstitial Lung Disease. 3318 Oct 27