Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the beginning objects and problems of clinical pharmacology were outlined. Results from experimental studies in animals with the metabolite VIII of bromhexine (N-[trans-4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]=[2-amino-3,5-dibromo-benzyl]-amine, Ambroxol (NA 842)) are described in order to contribute to the understanding of this substance's mode of action. Hence NA 872 is an expectorant which fully meets all requirements expected from this category of druggs -- increase in sputum amount, easement in breathing, reducing the viscosity, and depression of coughing. The dose-effect rate of the substance was tested in 54 adults and 32 children. The average dose of 45.0 mg/kg for adults was determined as sufficient for the majority of patients. In the following test in 124 patients on dose tolerance and efficacy, the substance proved to be tolerated extremely well, to cause no adverse side effects while achieving good effects particularly with regard to improvement of expectoration. There was no casual relationship between some occurring changes in laboratory data and the application of the substance.
 ...
PMID:[Results of some clinical-pharmacological studies on ambroxol (NA 872)]. 117 81

The separation and simultaneous determination, by high-performance liquid chromatography, of acetaminophen (I), guaifenesin (II), pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (III), and pholcodine (IV), together with a series of parabens (methyl to butyl, V-VIII) in a cough mixture, has been demonstrated using a chemically bonded octadecylsilane stationary phase with a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid (45:55:2) containing the ion-pairing agent octanesulfonic acid. Retention volumes for the active ingredients were 3.8 ml, 5.4 ml, 9.4 ml, and 15.6 ml for compounds I-IV, respectively. Corrected retention volumes for the parabens [5.4 ml for methyl (V), 9.6 ml for ethyl (VI), 18.5 ml for propyl (VII), and 37.9 ml for butyl (VIII)] showed an exponential relationship with chain length of the esterifying alcohols. Excipients did not interfere with the estimation of any of the compounds, hence pretreatment of the sample was unnecessary. Average recoveries of the active ingredients and of the parabens from laboratory prepared samples were essentially 100% of theoretical with standard deviations of 1.7, 0.3, 1.5, 0.3, 0.3, 3.3, 0.7, and 2.7% for I-VIII, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine, pholcodine, and paraben preservatives in cough mixture by high-performance liquid chromatography. 683 61

Abdominal muscles participate in generating a large number of behaviors and reflex responses, including expiration, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, postural control, production of speech, straining, facilitation of venous return to the heart, and reaction to vestibular stimulation. However, the only premotor neurons that have been conclusively shown to influence abdominal motoneurons are located in nucleus retroambiguus, the expiratory region of the caudal ventral respiratory group. In the present study, the neural circuitry controlling the activity of one abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, was mapped using the transneuronal tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) in the ferret. Injections of PRV into rectus abdominis labeled large presumed motoneurons in the ventral horn of T12-L4, and smaller presumed interneurons that were scattered in laminae VII, VIII, IX, and X of T4-L4. In addition, neurons in several areas of the medulla and caudal pons, including the retroambigual nucleus, medial and ventromedial reticular formation, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, vestibular nuclei, and raphe nuclei, were infected by transynaptic passage of PRV from rectus abdominis motoneurons. Thus, the multifunctional roles of abdominal muscles appear to be coordinated by premotor neurons located in both the spinal cord and several regions of the brainstem.
 ...
PMID:Transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling an abdominal muscle, rectus abdominis, in the ferret. 1002 28

Fourteen cases (13 pleural and one intrapulmonary) of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) (the so-called fibrous mesothelioma) were studied. The lesions occurred more in females (nine cases) than males (five cases). The age of patients ranged from 44 to 73 years old (median 60 years). The tumors presented as cough with or without blood-tinged sputum, exertional dyspnea, chest pain, nausea, body weight loss, fever, or as asymptomatic masses detected by routine chest radiograph. Two patients with huge (tumor larger than 20 cm) malignant tumors had accompanying pleural effusion and one associated with hypoglycemia. Ten benign tumors measured 2-11 cm (median size 7 cm) while the remaining four histologically malignant ones measured 20-30 cm in size. All of them were well circumscribed and thinly encapsulated. Hemorrhage and necrosis were more frequently seen in the malignant tumors. Histologically, these lesions were characterized by 'patternless pattern' with occasional hemangiopericytic features (three cases). The tumor cells were all immunoreactive for vimentin, CD 34, and focally actin-positive in one case, but not for keratin, desmin, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha 1-ACT and F VIII-related antigen, supported a primitive mesenchymal origin. p53 protein was expressed in two of the malignant cases. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen stain was positive with 50 and 80% of the labeling index in the benign and malignant tumors, respectively, but retinoblastoma gene protein was negative in all tumors. This analysis confirmed the relationship between histological malignant SFTs and tumor size, cellularity, mitotic activity, necrosis and tumor suppressor gene expression. However, the clinical behavior was unpredictable. Complete respectability seemed to be the most important indicator of clinical outcome in the less aggressive tumors.
 ...
PMID:Thoracic solitary fibrous tumor: clinical and pathological diversity. 1010 Jan 46

Angiomyolipoma is a common tumor of the kidney but has rarely been found in the mediastinum. We report a case of angiomyolipoma of the posterior mediastinum in a 62-year-old woman. She experienced exertional dyspnea and intermittent cough at admission. Computed tomography indicated a tumor located at the left paravertebral and upper posterior mediastinum and MRI imaging demonstrated a mass with low signal intensity in T1-weighted image at T4-5 level. Thoracotomy was done for surgical removal of the tumor and histologic examination revealed a mesenchymal tumor composed of mature fat, capillaries and smooth muscle fibers. The tumor was immunohistochemically positive for CD34 and factor-VIII (for vascular component) smooth muscle actin (for smooth muscle component) and S-100 protein (for fat component). There have been four case reports about mediastinal angiomyolipoma, namely three Japanese cases and one French case. It is suggested that angiomyolipoma could be considered for the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.
 ...
PMID:A case of mediastinal angiomyolipoma. 1185 61

Cough is the most common symptom of respiratory diseases. When cough becomes serious, opioids are effective, but they have side effects like sedation, constipation, some addiction liability and also compromise the respiratory function. Therefore, there is need to have effective anti-tussive agent which do not have respiratory suppressant activity. The present study was carried out to evaluate anti-tussive activity of combination of herbal drugs as formulations in sulphur dioxide (SO2)-induced cough model in mice. Albino mice of either sex, weighing 25-30 g were divided into eight groups, (n = 6). Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 mice were given distilled water, group 3 was positive control and received codeine sulphate (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and group 4, 5, 6, 7 received coded 1 formulations 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively at a dose of 0.3 ml/mice, orally, while group VIII was the vehicle control. Thirty minutes later, the mice were exposed to sulphur dioxide again for 45 sec. The mice were then placed in an observation chamber for counting of cough bouts, by two independent observers, for five minutes. All the formulations used showed significant antitussive activity in sulphur dioxide induced cough model. Thus, these formulations can prove to be useful for alleviating cough.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of antitussive activity of formulations with herbal extracts in sulphur dioxide (SO2) induced cough model in mice. 1981 May 78

Pulmonary sclerosing hemagioma (SH) is an uncommon tumor with malignance potential. Clinically this disease is regarded as benign but extremely rare cases can have lymph node metastasis. Up to date, there have been only very few reports concerning SH with lymph node metastasis. In this paper we reported one pulmonary SH case with lymph node metastasis and additionally overviewed the clinical and pathological features of SH. A young-aged female was found incidentally to have a nodule in the right upper lung. This patient presented no cough, no hemoptysis and chest pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan indicated a large mass in the right upper lung and enlarged lymph nodes in the right hilum. The patient underwent lobectomy of the right upper lung. Histologically, the tumor demonstrated typical features of SH and was consisted of angiomatoid areas, sclerosis, papillary structures lined with cuboidal cells and sheets of round to polygonal cells. Polygonal cells in some solid areas presented abnormal enlarged nuclei and increased karyoplasmic ratio; tumor giant cells were noted; whereas mitosis was not observed. One peribronchial lymph node was noted for SH metastasis and the metastatic tissue were consisted of polygonal cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that both surface-lining cuboidal and polygonal cells expressed EMA and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), but were negative for CD34, VIII factor, CD68 and Claratinin. The polygonal cells showed relatively higher expression of Ki-67 and p53 than the surface-lining cells. Postoperatively, the patient received no chemotherapy or radiotherapy and no recurrence 2 years after surgery was noted.
 ...
PMID:A rare case of pulmonary sclerosing hemagioma with lymph node metastasis and review of the literature. 2633 44