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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare pathology both in absolute terms and in relation to the complications of renal inflammatory processes. Clinical symptoms may be varied but pulmonary complications, which may mask renal symptoms, are generally predominant; cough, hemoptysis and the expectoration of calculi are rarely found. Occasionally, as in the case reported here, the most evident sign is an infective process due to the contemporaneous fistulization of subcutaneous tissues. Instrumental diagnosis is based on chest and abdomen X-ray, fistulography, retrograde pyelography and abdominal CT. CAT may be useful above all in the study of pararenal abscesses.
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PMID:[Nephrobronchial fistula]. 176 64

The finding of a cardiac tamponade (CT) as initial manifestation of lung cancer is rare, being its most frequent manifestations dyspnea, cough and edemas. The presence of alithiasic acute cholecystitis (AAC) as early manifestation of CT is extremely rare, despite this having being described related to other situations of low cardiac output. We present the case of a patient who underwent emergency surgery due to AAC as a form of presentation of CT, this being the initial manifestation of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The histopathological study of the liver and the vesicle were compatible with signs of short evolution venous stasis, and the diagnosis was established through pericardium biopsy and thoracic CAT.
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PMID:[Acute acalculous cholecystitis complicating the presentation of cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation of a pulmonary carcinoma]. 774 16

Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer in males and it's incidence is rapidly rising in females. Factors linked to this are associated with cigarette smoking, urbanization along with atmospheric pollution. The lack of success in the treatment of lung cancer has to do with in many cases late diagnosis at the stage when surgical treatment is not possible and radio and chemotherapy being of minimal effectiveness. The WHO has proposed the following classification of lung cancer: 1. Squamous cell carcinoma; 2. Small cell carcinoma; 3. Adenocarcinoma; 4. Giant cell carcinoma; 5. Adeno-squamous cell carcinoma 6. Carcinoid. 7. Carcinoma of mucous gland. 8. Others. Early physical signs of lung cancer are: cough (50-80% of patients), dyspnea (10-15%), chest pain (15-20%), hemoptysis (20-50%), recurrent pneumonia and bronchitis (30-50%). More serious clinical signs associated with growth of the neoplasm are hoarseness, pleural effusion, vena cava superior syndrome, and Pancoast's syndrome. The growing neoplasm secrets many biochemical substances, which are them activity passed on the bloodstream or make their way into the blood as a result of degeneration of the tumor. These substances may then be detected in the patient's plasma and act as markers of malignant disease. The characteristics of these markers is varied, e.g.: hormones, enzymes and tissue antigens. Methods used in the diagnosis of lung-cancer which should be stressed, are apart from the obvious physical examination are chest x-rays, ultrasound, CAT scans, nuclear magnetic resonance, PET scans, and scintigraphy. Fine needle aspiration in changes in the peripheral regions, cytology of sputum, bronchial lavage, cytogenetic analysis. This underlines the need for prophylaxis, particularly the cessation of cigarette smoking.
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PMID:[Current capabilities and procedures for diagnosing lung neoplasms]. 919 23

Over a nine-year period (1990-1998), a total of 196 children with pulmonary and associated hydatid disease, aged 2 to 16 years, undergo treatment in the Department of Pediatric Thoracic Surgery--Emergency Medicine Institute "N. I. Pirogov"--Sofia. One hundred thirty children (62.1%) present isolated, and sixty-six (38.8%)--associated hydatid disease, of which with localization in the liver (63 cases), brain (1), kidney (1) and spleen (1). The pulmonary cysts are located in the left lung in 96 cases (48.9%), right lung--79 (40.3%) and bilateral involvement--21 (10.8%). In 74 children the disease runs an asymptomatic course, in 128 (65.3%)--with fever and cough, and in 65 (33.1%)--with thoracic pain. On admission 183 children (94.4%) are in a satisfactory and good general condition; 13 with complications in the cyst and pleural cavity are in a serious general condition accompanied by respiratory failure. In 129 children diagnosis is made on the ground of x-ray study, in 40 CAT study is additionally performed, and in 24--ultrasonography. Of 22 children with bilateral pulmonary location, 13 (59.9%) undergo operation in two stages, and nine (40.1%)--in one stage, with bilateral thoracotomy done in seven, and sternotomy in two instances. Intraoperatively more than one echinococcus cysts are discovered in 23 cases (11.7%). In 105 children (53.5%) echinococcotomy is performed, in 67 (34.2%)--atypical resection, in 8 (4.1%)--lobectomy, in 15 (7.6%)--segmentectomy and in one--pneumonectomy. In the early postoperative period, one child develops hemothorax from a bleeding intercostal artery, and another one--pneumothorax from unsutured bronchus in the cyst bed necessitating emergency re-thoracotomy. The outcome is fatal in one patient with malignant hyperthermia, and the remainder are discharged clinically cured.
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PMID:[The surgical treatment of pulmonary and associated echinococcosis in childhood]. 1083 13

A 48-year-old caucasian male was admitted to hospital with right-sided chest pain, pyrexia and cough. He had no history of dysentery. He was treated with erythromycin and cotrimoxazole for right lower lobe pneumonia but failed to respond. Tender hepatomegaly developed and ultrasound scan demonstrated multiple abscesses in the liver. Entamoeba histolytica was identified in his faeces. He was treated with intravenous metronidazole, chloramphenicol and gentamicin and then oral tinidazole, after which improvement was rapid. He was later transferred to Australia. Subsequent abdominal CAT scan and aspiration of abscesses confirmed the diagnosis of multiple amoebic liver abscesses with secondary bacterial infection. Final treatment was with oral ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for four weeks. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive technique which is invaluable in the diagnosis of abdominal and especially liver pathology. This technique should be available in larger centres in tropical countries. Anyone living in or visiting the tropics should be aware of possible exotic diseases presenting in unusual ways.
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PMID:Multiple liver abscesses: an unusual case which demonstrates the importance of ultrasonography in the detection of liver pathology. 1093 48

We report a 52 years old male admitted for fever lasting one month, dry cough, headache and malaise. Initial laboratory work up showed an AST of 172 U/l, and ALT of 252 U/l, a GGT of 353 U/l and alkaline phosphatases of 952 U/l. An abdominal CAT scan disclosed a mild hepatosplenomegaly. A liver biopsy showed a granulomatous hepatitis. During the evolution, the patient had a left testicle swelling with darkening of the surrounding skin. A testicular ultrasound showed a bilateral orchiepidydimitis. The patient was treated with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and fever subsided. Three months later, these drugs were discontinued and the patient remained asymptomatic and with normal laboratory values until 36 months of follow up.
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PMID:[Idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis with bilateral orchiepididymitis and skin eruption]. 1258 10

We report a 78 year old male with prostatism, that was subjected to a prostate biopsy. The pathological study showed a microvascular lymphocytic infiltration. Four months later, the patients presented with reduced alertness, cough, dyspnea, fever and elevation of lactic dehydrogenase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Chest and abdominal CAT scans, bone marrow aspirate, protein electrophoresis and prostate specific antigen were normal. A re-evaluation of prostate biopsy showed an intravascular lymphoid infiltration, positive for CD45 and CD20, compatible with the diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma. Chemotherapy was started, but it was not tolerated by the patient and the response was partial. Therefore, treatment with monoclonal antibodies anti CD20 (Rituximab) was started. The tumor had a complete and prolonged (24 months) remission after the treatment
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PMID:[Intravascular lymphoma treated with anti CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Report of one case]. 1569 4

Asbestosis is a diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, secondary to the inhalation of asbestos fibres. There is a dose-response relationship between exposure to asbestos and the risk of developing asbestosis, in such a way that the greater the exposure, the greater the risk of developing the disease. The time of clinical latency is inversely proportional to the level of exposure. Dyspnoea upon exertion and a dry cough together with end-inspiratory crackles are the most frequent symptoms and signs. Chest radiography is a basic tool in identifying the disease, however high resolution CAT has added greater sensitivity. Tests of the respiratory function show alterations and restrictive ventilations with a reduction of pulmonary spread. Determination of asbestos bodies in BAL is an indicator of exposure, although their absence does not rule out the disease. A histopathological diagnosis is the most reliable, although in the majority of cases the diagnosis is established on the basis of the existence of an antecedent of exposure to asbestos together with suggestive clinical, radiological and functional findings, and a suitable time of latency, without having recourse to a pulmonary biopsy.
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PMID:[Asbestosis]. 1591 70

Synovial sarcoma accounts for 5-14% of all soft tissue tumours. We present a case of 35 year-old male who presented with five months history of progressively increasing shortness of breath and cough. On evaluation, there was no air entry on the left side. CAT scan chest showed a large necrotic mass involving the entire left hemi-thorax. The tru-cut biopsy of this mass was done and it showed synovial sarcoma. The entire tumour along with the lung and the pericardium was removed completely. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged home in 10 days with follow-up for adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to the rarity of this disease, no guidelines for the treatment are available. Main existing treatment includes surgery followed by either radiation, chemotherapy or both. Synovial sarcoma should be considered in the differentials of an adolescent or adult male patient presenting with a mass in the thorax.
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PMID:Synovial sarcoma of the lung presenting late with compression of mediastinal structures and its successful resection: A case report. 2069 16

Aortitis is a nonspecific term that describes an inflammation of the aortic wall caused by inflammatory, infectious, paraneoplastic and idiopathic diseases. The symptoms are variable and nonspecific; therefore a high level of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose it. It is often an incidental finding while looking for other diagnoses and it is confirmed mainly through imaging studies. We report three cases of aortitis: A 29-year-old woman presenting with alopecia, oral and nasal ulcers and positive antinuclear antibodies. A CAT scan showed a segmental thickening of thoracic aorta, with dilated and stenotic areas. She was successfully treated with steroids, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. A 41-year-old male presenting with dorsal pain and cough. The CAT scan showed an extra-intimal thickening of the descending aorta and stenosis of the celiac artery. The final diagnosis was a polyangiitis and was treated with steroids, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. A 28-year-old woman presenting with pain in the left upper abdomen. Imaging studies showed a thickening of the aortic arch and subclavian artery. The final diagnosis was sarcoidosis and the patient was treated with prednisone.
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PMID:[Aortitis: report of three cases]. 2537 14


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