Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 72-year-old woman had been diagnosed as having organizing pneumonia at another hospital. She was treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators and prednisolone, but her cough, fever and inflammatory signs were not resolved completely. She was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of the lung lesion. The chest CT scan revealed narrowing of the segmental bronchus and the serum samples showed elevated MPO-ANCA but negative PR 3-ANCA levels. Physical examination also revealed marked bilateral episcleritis and eyeground angitis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed bilateral marked stenotic segmental bronchi associated with mucosal erosions and small nodular lesions. Bronchial and renal biopsy specimens demonstrated marked angitis in the bronchial arteries and glomeruli. A generalized form of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) was diagnosed and was treated with 60 mg/day of prednisolone, 50 mg/day of cyclophosphamide and 4 g/day of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, which resulted in a marked improvement of the clinical symptoms and endobronchial lesions. In WG, the incidence of endobronchial involvement is 16 to 55% and that of positive serum MPO-ANCA alone is only 14.3%. The present case of WG was considered a rare case with WG which because of the MPO-ANCA-positive but PR 3-ANCA-negative findings associated with marked endobronchial lesions and systemic angitis.
 ...
PMID:[A suspected case of negative PR 3-ANCA Wegener's granulomatosis associated with marked endobronchial lesion and systemic angitis]. 1453

Non-specific interstitial pneumonia developed as an initial manifestation in a patient with microscopic polyangiitis. A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in March 2001, because of fever and intermittent myalgia of lower extremities. Chest X-ray had revealed reticular shadows in the bilateral middle and lower lung fields since 1996. Just before admission, the patient had been diagnosed as having nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) from the specimen obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in another hospital. Physical examination on admission revealed bilateral episcleritis. Laboratory data showed elevated levels of CRP and KL-6, polyclonal gammaglobulinemia, positive rheumatoid factor and myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA). Sensory and motor nerve conducting velocities were delayed in left peroneal nerve, but not other nerves, suggesting mononeuropathy. Biopsied specimens of the left quadriceps revealed vasculitis of arteioles. In spite of positive proteinuria and hematuria, no pathological lesion was found in the kidney. From all of these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) without renal involvement. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy improved his clinical conditions such as pyrexia, cough, myalgia, episcleritis and respiratory symptoms with decreased titer of serum MPO-ANCA. Thereafter, the dose of prednisolone was successfully tapered to 10 mg/day without clinical relapse. In the present patient who developed demonstrated non-specific interstitial pneumonia as an initial manifestation of MPA, VATS provided useful diagnostic and prognostic information, leading to an appropriate therapeutic choice.
 ...
PMID:[A case of non-specific interstitial pneumonia in patient with microscopic polyangiitis]. 1459 58

A 50-year-old Japanese man with Grave's disease had been taking propylthiouracil (PTU) for 10 years prior to the diagnosis of pneumonia. He noticed dyspnea on exertion and had a dry cough for at least 2 years and then suddenly developed high fever and dyspnea at rest. Clinical symptoms, chest radiographs, chest computed tomography and lung function revealed interstitial pneumonia. The symptoms were completely resolved after withdrawal of PTU, and consequently he was diagnosed with PTU-induced interstitial pneumonia. He also showed moderate myeloperoxidase (MPO)- antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity without any signs of vasculitis before as well as after PTU withdrawal. Although PTU-induced interstitial pneumonia is quite rare, with only 3 cases, including the present patient, so far reported, respiratory involvement should be considered in patients treated with PTU.
 ...
PMID:A man with interstitial pneumonia due to propylthiouracil. 1460 20

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in tissue injury in conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Because asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, we designed the present experimental study to evaluate the effects of PARP inhibition on allergen-induced asthma-like reaction in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. Cough and dyspnea in response to ovalbumin aerosol were absent in naive guinea pigs, whereas they became severe in the sensitized animals. In the latter ones, ovalbumin aerosol also induced a rapid increase in PARP activity, bronchiolar constriction, pulmonary air space inflation, mast cell degranulation, poly(ADP-ribose) and nitrotyrosine immunostaining, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde in lung tissue, as well as a rise in the amounts of nitrites and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Pretreatment with the PARP inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide (10 mg/kg b.wt.) or 5-aminoisoquinolinone (0.5 mg/kg b.wt.) given i.p. 3 h before ovalbumin challenge significantly reduced the severity of cough and the occurrence of dyspnea and delayed the onset of respiratory abnormalities. Both PARP inhibitors were also able to prevent the above morphological and biochemical changes of lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by ovalbumin challenge. Conversely, p-aminobenzoic acid, the inactive analog of 3-aminobenzamide, had no effects.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase prevents allergen-induced asthma-like reaction in sensitized Guinea pigs. 1525 47

This study evaluates the effects of a copper amine oxidase (histaminase) purified from the pea seedling as a free or immobilized enzyme on asthmalike reactions to inhaled antigen in actively sensitized guinea pig in vivo. Male albino guinea pigs, sensitized with ovalbumin, were challenged with the antigen given by aerosol; free histaminase or CNBr-Sepharose immobilized histaminase was given intraperitoneally (20 microg, 3 or 24 h before antigen challenge) or by aerosol (4 microg, 30 min before or during ovalbumin aerosol). The following parameters were examined: latency time for the onset of respiratory abnormalities, cough severity score, and occurrence and duration of dyspnea. We also evaluated lung histopathology, mast cell degranulation, and lung myeloperoxidase and malonydialdehyde levels. Histaminase significantly reduced the severity of cough and the occurrence of dyspnea and delayed the onset of respiratory abnormalities. Both enzymes prevented bronchial constriction, pulmonary air space inflation, leukocyte infiltration (evaluated as myeloperoxidase activity), and lipoperoxidation of cell membranes (evaluated as malonyldialdehyde production). No relevant differences in pharmacological potency were noted between free or immobilized enzyme. This study provides evidence that histaminase counteracts acute allergic asthmalike reaction in actively sensitized guinea pigs, raising the possibility of new therapeutic strategies for allergic asthma in humans.
 ...
PMID:Effect of a plant histaminase on asthmalike reaction induced by inhaled antigen in sensitized guinea pig. 1547 52

A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of persistent high fever and cough, generalized myalgia, and renal dysfunction. Laboratory examination revealed severe inflammatory signs, pulmonary fibrosis, progression of renal impairment with active nephritic urinary sediments, and a high titer of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, indicating that she might have microscopic polyangiitis with interstitial pneumonia and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Her renal biopsy, however, showed tubulointerstitial changes with mild glomerular abnormalities, and renal angiography revealed that she had vascular lesions of medium-sized arteries, which were compatible with classical polyarteritis nodosa. Tissue biopsy of the clinically affected organ should be considered in anyone suspected to have vasculitis.
 ...
PMID:A case of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive-polyarteritis nodosa complicated by interstitial pneumonia and rapidly progressive renal failure. 1633 60

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic endobronchial infection resulting in progressive pulmonary destruction; this is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Neutrophils are the primary effector cells responsible for the progressive deterioration of lung function. Peptido-leukotriene B4 antagonists, new anti-inflammatory agents that block the neutrophil-dominated inflammation, could have had the potential for long-term use. A trial on the pharmacokinetics of amelubant administered orally as a single dose of up to 75 mg in pediatric patients with CF and 300 mg in adults, and as a repeated dose of 75 mg and 150 mg, respectively, once daily for 15 days provided evidence that amelubant metabolism in adult and pediatric patients with CF is similar to that in healthy adults. In another study using the same dosage regimen, amelubant appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Safety measures included physical examination, vital signs, spirometry, oximetry, ECG, and clinical laboratory testing. However, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, phase II trial (Boehringer Ingelheim 543.45) was conducted to investigate the clinical efficacy of 24 weeks of treatment with amelubant in patients with CF with mild-to-moderate lung disease. Two doses of amelubant (75 and 150 mg) were tested in adult patients (> or = 18 years) and one dose of amelubant (75mg) was tested in pediatric (6-17 years) patients. The trial was terminated early due to a statistically significant increase in the risk of pulmonary-related, serious adverse events in adults receiving amelubant. Cysteinyl leukotrienes, eosinophilic inflammation, and viral infections also contribute to progressive pulmonary destruction in CF. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are potential targets for cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist use. A study on the pharmacokinetics of montelukast in children with CF provided evidence that the dose of montelukast and the administration interval does not need to be modified if the goal is to mimic the serum concentrations used to treat asthma. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, 16 children with mild CF (median age 9.5 years; vital capacity [VC] >70%) were treated with montelukast (5 to < or =14 years; 5 mg; >14 years; 10 mg) or placebo as a once-daily tablet for 21 days. There was a significant (p < or = 0.02) reduction in serum eosinophil cationic protein levels and eosinophils (p < or = 0.027) with montelukast. However, neither lung function tests (VC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], maximum expiratory flow at 25% of forced VC), nor clinical symptom scores changed significantly. In another study, 26 patients aged 6-18 years with moderate CF (VC between 40% and 69% predicted) received montelukast or placebo for 8 weeks in a 20-week, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. After treatment with montelukast there was a significant improvement in FEV1, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75%, and a significant decrease in cough and wheezing scale scores (p < 0.001 for all). Montelukast treatment decreased serum and sputum levels of eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin-8 (IL-8), decreased sputum levels of myeloperoxidase, and increased serum and sputum levels of IL-10 (p < 0.001 for all) compared with placebo. To date, clinical experience and research data on the anti-inflammatory effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists in CF are limited. Multicenter trials with longer observation periods and greater patient numbers are needed to prove the hypothesis that leukotriene receptor antagonists have the potential to ameliorate CF lung disease with long term use.
 ...
PMID:Leukotriene receptor antagonists in children with cystic fibrosis lung disease : anti-inflammatory and clinical effects. 1635 23

In this study, we have evaluated the effects of the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant molecule that also enhances constitutive nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) activity, on antigen-induced asthma-like reaction in sensitized guinea pigs. For comparison, we used epicatechin, which shares antioxidant but not NOS-modulating properties with EGCG. Ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs placed in a respiratory chamber were challenged with ovalbumin. EGCG (25 mg/kg b.wt.) or epicatechin (25 mg/kg b.wt.) was given i.p. 20 min before ovalbumin challenge. We analyzed latency time for the onset of respiratory abnormalities, cough severity, duration of dyspnea, lung tissue histopathology, mast cell activation (by granule release), leukocyte/eosinophilic infiltration (by major basic protein and myeloperoxidase), oxygen free radical-mediated injury (by nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase), NOS activity, and bronchial inflammatory response [by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)]. In the sensitized animals, severe respiratory abnormalities appeared soon after the antigen challenge, accompanied by bronchoconstriction, alveolar inflation, and a marked increase in the assayed parameters of inflammatory cell recruitment, free radical lung injury, and release of proinflammatory molecules in BAL fluid. This was associated with marked depression of constitutive NOS activity. Pretreatment with EGCG, but not epicatechin, significantly reduced all the above parameters and sustained endothelial-type NOS activity. These findings provide evidence that EGCG, probably by modulating NOS activity, can counteract allergic asthma-like reaction in sensitized guinea pigs and suggest its possible future use for the treatment of asthma.
 ...
PMID:Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces allergen-induced asthma-like reaction in sensitized guinea pigs. 1652 38

This study presents the case of rapidly progressing pulmonary aspergillosis in a 47-year-old woman who had healed cavitations of pulmonary tuberculosis in the right upper lobe. She had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis seven years prior to admission. The initial manifestations of the disease on admission included cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrate, and renal failure. As anti-myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) were positive, she was diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis and treated with corticosteroids. This treatment resulted in remission of the vasculitis. However, she developed new pulmonary symptoms and an enlarged cavitary lesion associated with the rapid formation of a fungal, ball-shaped shadow that was serially observed by radiological analysis. Pulmonary resection was finally performed because of acute progressive respiratory failure due to massive recurrent hemoptysis. A subsequent pathological analysis revealed a mass of hyphae with acute-angle branching, features consistent with Aspergillus, within the cavitary lesion, and she was diagnosed with pulmonary aspergillosis. The rapid development of pulmonary aspergillosis associated with the formation of an Aspergillus mycetoma should be attributed to the loss of normal immune mechanisms due to immunosuppressive treatment.
 ...
PMID:Rapid formation of Aspergillus mycetoma in a patient receiving corticosteroid treatment. Serial radiographic observation over two months. 1754 Dec 25

Microscopic polyangiitis is a necrotizing angiitis involving capillaries, venules, and arterioles. The vascular beds of various organs may be involved, causing varying presentations. To our knowledge, this is the first case of anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) antibody small-vessel vasculitis causing prostatic vasculitis. A 79 year-old nonsmoker American man presented with symptoms of fevers, malaise, weight loss, and cough. Urine analysis revealed hematuria. Blood tests were remarkable for an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and a serum creatinine of 3.1 mg/dl (baseline, 1.2 mg/dl). Computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax revealed a 4.7-cm mass in the left lower lobe of the lung. Metastatic prostate cancer was suspected. Therefore, prostatic biopsy was performed. The biopsy revealed fibrinoid degeneration with vasculitic changes involving the arterioles. When evaluated by nephrology, his serum creatinine was 9.9 mg/dl. A renal biopsy was performed, which revealed focal segmental necrotizing glomerulopathy with microscopic vasculitis. All the serologies were normal, with the exception of low C4, and positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated with anti-MPO. The patient was started on intermittent hemodialysis, steroids, and oral cytoxan. Despite treatment, with improvement of the respiratory and constitutional symptoms, the patient remained dialysis-dependent. He later decided to discontinue dialysis and subsequently expired. Vasculitic involvement of the prostate is an uncommon manifestation of microscopic polyangiitis. This bedazzling entity is challenging to diagnose and thus makes it difficult to treat in a timely manner.
 ...
PMID:Anti-MPO small-vessel vasculitis causing prostatis and nephritis. 1759 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>