Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty four patients requiring treatment with Gentamycin were selected from Otorhinolaryngology outpatient and those admitted to the hospital. Patients suffering from hepatic or renal disorders, pregnant women and children were excluded from the study. Seventy three were administered gentamycin 40 mg BD intramuscularly for 7-10 days and in 11 the drug was applied topically as ear drops for 6-12 weeks. Adverse reactions were observed in 9 (13.3%) and 11 (100%) patients given the drug parenterally and topically respectively. In parenteral group incidence was higher in females as compared to males and profile included nausea and vomiting, headache, cough, tinnitis, albuminuria, diminition of hearing and vertigo. Whereas diminition of hearing acuity was observed in all those who had topical application as evidenced by pure tone audiometry.
 ...
PMID:Adverse reactions to gentamycin in patients with ear, nose or throat infections. 147 50

The relationship between home dampness and adult respiratory symptoms was investigated using data from a parent-administered questionnaire on childhood respiratory symptoms that also included questions on parental respiratory symptoms. Questionnaires were returned by the parents of 3344 children living in the town of Helmond, The Netherlands. The response was 73%. Home dampness was characterized by reports of damp stains or mould growth on indoor surfaces and was reported by 23.6% and 15.0% of the study population, respectively. Of the homes, 25.4% had dampness and/or mould. Information about respiratory symptoms was collected for the mothers and fathers of a population of 6-12-year-old schoolchildren. Symptoms analysed were cough, phlegm, wheeze, asthma, and allergy to pollen or house dust. Cough and phlegm in both men and women were found to be strongly associated with living in a damp home. Weaker associations were found for wheeze and asthma, and there was little association between living in a damp home and allergy to pollen or house dust. Current smoking was strongly associated with cough, phlegm and wheeze in both men and women. Smoking was inversely associated with allergy to pollen or house dust, suggesting that allergic subjects do not start smoking, or give up the habit. The results suggest that the association between home dampness and respiratory symptoms previously reported for children also applies to adults. Suggested mechanisms include exposure to biological contaminants produced by fungi or house dust mites, but it has not yet been documented to what extent these exposures are responsible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Damp housing and adult respiratory symptoms. 148 53

To determine the induction and recovery characteristics of the new poly-fluorinated anaesthetic desflurane, 78 fasting and unpremedicated neonates, infants and children up to 12 yr of age were studied. Patients were stratified according to age: full-term neonates less than 28 days of age (n = 12), infants 1-6 mth (n = 12) infants 6-12 mth (n = 15), children 1-3 yr (n = 15), 3-5 yr (n = 12), and 5-12 yr (n = 12). After preoxygenation for two minutes and an awake tracheal intubation, neonates were anaesthetized with stepwise increases in the inspired concentration of desflurane in an air/oxygen mixture. Infants 1-12 mth of age and children were anaesthetized with stepwise increases in the inspired concentration of desflurane in oxygen. Their tracheas were intubated under deep desflurane anaesthesia without muscle relaxation. The incidence of airway reflex responses (including breathholding, coughing, laryngospasm, bronchospasm and oropharyngeal secretions), incidence of excitement, minimum arterial oxygen saturation, and times to loss of eyelash reflex and tracheal intubation during induction were recorded. After skin incision, anaesthesia was maintained with desflurane (approximately 1 MAC) in 60% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure were recorded awake, at approximately 1 MAC before and after skin incision and throughout surgery. At the completion of surgery, all anaesthetics were discontinued and the lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. During emergence, the end-tidal concentration of desflurane was recorded until extubation. The incidence of airway reflex responses and the times to eye opening and extubation after the discontinuation of desflurane were recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Induction, maintenance and recovery characteristics of desflurane in infants and children. 173 34

In a cohort of 136 hypertensive patients started consecutively on enalapril the incidence of persistent dry cough by life-table analysis was 14.6% (95% CI 10.2-19.0%). The incidence in women (19.2%; 95% CI 11.3-27.1%) was twice that in men (9.7%; 95% CI 6.6-12.8%). Dry cough was unrelated to age, smoking habit, renal function, or the dose and duration of enalapril treatment. In one half of patients who developed cough enalapril had to be stopped. The incidence of withdrawal due to cough was 6.0% (95% CI 4.5-7.5%), and cough was by far the most common reason for discontinuing enalapril treatment. Reviewing previous studies of enalapril-induced cough, it is evident that postmarketing surveillance studies have grossly underestimated the incidence and importance of this side-effect. Surveys in hospital clinics have slightly underestimated the true incidence through failure to use life-table methods of analysis.
 ...
PMID:Persistent dry cough with enalapril: incidence depends on method used. 228 41

In a double blind, partial crossover trial we compared treatment with prednisolone with treatment with placebo (56 treatments) in 38 children aged less than 18 months (mean age 9.8 months, range 3-17 months), 30 of whom had required previous admission to hospital. Placebo or oral prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for five days was given during acute exacerbations of symptoms on an outpatient basis. Daily symptom scores of cough, wheeze, and breathlessness did not show any significant difference in rate of improvement or overall outcome, either between the two whole groups or within subgroups aged less than 6 months, 6-12 months, and 12-18 months. Parental preference failed to indicate superiority of treatment with prednisolone over treatment with placebo in the 18 crossover patients, and parents were equally as likely to feel that treatment with either placebo or prednisolone had had positive effect in non-crossover patients. Two children required admission to hospital during treatment, one aged 5 1/2 months being treated with prednisolone, and one aged 14 months being treated with placebo.
 ...
PMID:Oral corticosteroids for wheezing attacks under 18 months. 351 15

A retrospective, clinical, epidemiologic, and risk-factor analysis was performed on 21 recipients of cardiac allografts who had experienced nocardiosis since the inception of the cardiac transplantation program at Stanford University Medical Center in 1968. The lung was the primary and only detectable site of infection in 17 (81%) of 21 patients, and there were three cases of disseminated disease. Presenting symptoms were either nonspecific (dry cough and fever) or absent (in 40%). The time of onset of infection following transplantation was variable (range, 43-982 days), and there was no period of peak incidence. Epidemiologic and risk-factor analysis failed to identify a nosocomial point-source or specific parameters that predisposed a patient to nocardial infection. Nocardiosis was not associated with the onset of primary infection with cytomegalovirus following transplantation. However, an association between pulmonary nocardiosis and subsequent development of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis was established in five of the 21 patients. All patients with nocardiosis were treated primarily with sulfisoxazole (6-12 g per day) for a mean of 13.2 months. No deaths were attributable to nocardial infection, nor could acquisition of the infection be shown to affect overall survival. The results of the study support an aggressive approach to diagnosis of infections in the immunocompromised host and suggest that a favorable therapeutic outcome may be anticipated in such individuals who sustain nocardiosis if the diagnosis is made early in the course of the infection and if appropriate antimicrobial therapy is instituted.
 ...
PMID:Nocardial infections in the immunocompromised host: A detailed study in a defined population. 702 49

A longitudinal community-based study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children less than 5 years old was carried out in a low income peri-urban area of Syria. A total of 1030 children were followed up by weekly morbidity surveillance for a period of 24 weeks, starting September 1989. The results revealed that, on average, a child suffered 3.4 episodes of ARI per 100 child-days at risk. The average prevalence of ARI was 23 per cent of time of observation. The peak age-specific incidence occurred in children 6-12 months old for cough/cold, and in children 0-5 months for pneumonia. Male children experienced higher incidence and prevalence of ARI. The most frequently reported symptoms were nasal discharge and cough.
 ...
PMID:A community-based study of acute respiratory infections among preschool children in Syria. 793 33

We examined how chronic respiratory symptoms, reported in a questionnaire, and results of skin prick tests and spirometry predicted variability in peak expiratory flow (PEF) among 6-12-yr-old children (n = 1,854). After characterization with skin tests and spirometry, children were followed for 2-3 mo during the winter of 1993-1994. Peak expiratory flow was measured daily in the morning and evenings. Children with asthmatic symptoms (wheeze and/or attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze in the past 12 mo and/or ever doctor diagnosed asthma) had a greater variation in PEF than children with dry nocturnal cough as their only chronic respiratory symptom. Similarly, doctor-diagnosed asthma was associated with a greater variation in PEF, also among children with asthmatic symptoms. Peak flow variability increased with an increasing number of symptoms reported in the questionnaire. Atopy, positive skin test reactions to house dust mite and cat and lowered level (as % of predicted) in FEV1 and in MMEF were also associated with an increased variation in PEF. All the differences were observed in both diurnal and day-to-day variation in PEF. In conclusion, chronic respiratory symptoms reported in a questionnaire, spirometric lung function and skin prick test results among asthmatic children predicted variation in PEF measured during a 2-3 mo follow-up. The difference in morning PEF coefficient of variation (CV) between children with asthmatic symptoms and children with cough only was somewhat bigger in girls than in boys. The effect of atopy on morning PEF CV was somewhat bigger in young than in older children.
 ...
PMID:Chronic respiratory symptoms, skin test results, and lung function as predictors of peak flow variability. 930 92

We investigated the outcome for a sample of children in whom recurrent cough was reported in the preschool years to determine 1) whether they shared the characteristics attributed to cough variant asthma, and 2) the proportion who developed classical wheezy asthma at follow-up during the early school years. A cohort of children identified as having recurrent cough in the preschool period was reassessed during the early school years. Previously identified asymptomatic preschool children who remained symptom-free provided a comparison group with respect to current respiratory symptoms, lung function, bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine, atopic status, peak flow variability, and recorded night cough. The response rate was modest, with 41% attending the follow-up study; information on current symptoms was available from a further 16%. Ascertainment of current symptoms showed that 70 of 125 (56.0% [95% CI 47.3-64.5%]) were symptom-free at follow-up, 46 (36.8% [28.7-45.5%]) continued to have recurrent cough in the absence of colds, and 9 (7.2% [3.6-12.8%]) reported recent attacks of wheeze. When comparing the 46 children whose recurrent cough persisted from the preschool period through to follow-up with subjects from the asymptomatic comparison group, the former had significantly more night cough (50.0% vs. 16.8%; P< 0.01), were more likely to be treated (10.9% vs. 1.7%; P=0.01), or were diagnosed (26.1% vs. 5.7%; P < 0.001) as asthmatic. They also showed greater bronchial reactivity than their asymptomatic counterparts (1.23 mg/ml vs. 3.35 mg/ml; P=0.002). Atopic status and other indices of lung function were similar between groups. We conclude that there are a group of children with long-term recurrent cough who display features consistent with a diagnosis of cough variant asthma, but at 2-4 years of follow-up, few progress to develop asthma characterized by wheeze.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent cough: natural history and significance in infancy and early childhood. 981 Oct 75

A double-blind placebo controlled trial was conducted by Melaku Umeta et al. to examine the effect of a zinc supplement on growth, body composition, appetite, and morbidity in stunted and nonstunted rural Ethiopian infants aged 6-12 months. The infants were randomly assigned to a placebo or zinc supplement (zinc sulfate) administered as a syrup 6 days a week for 6 months. The study showed significant effects of zinc supplement on linear and ponderal growth in stunted and nonstunted infants. However, no significant changes in mid-arm circumference or triceps skinfolds were reported in the supplemented stunted infants despite improvements in their appetite. The positive growth response was attributed, in part, to a secondary impact of zinc on growth resulting from reductions in the incidence of anorexia, cough, diarrhea, fever, and vomiting in the stunted children. This study has shown that zinc is the primary growth-limiting nutrient during infancy in African children. However, whether zinc is the primary growth-limiting nutrient during infancy will depend on the ecological setting. Influencing factors include breast-feeding practices, dietary intake, infections, diarrhea, and prenatal and maternal malnutrition. Therefore, unless zinc is the primary growth-limiting nutrient, universal zinc supplementation will not improve the growth of stunted children.
 ...
PMID:Zinc supplementation for infants. 1088 52


1 2 3 Next >>