Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The progeny of 9 SPF gilts fed a balanced ration (Table I) was used in an inoculation experiment with field strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated in herds suffering atrophic rhinitis. Acute rhinitis was produced within a week after intranasal inoculation of B. bronchiseptica into 1 to 11-day-old piglets. Coughing occurred in some of the exposed pigs, but signs of pneumonia did not develop. A few pigs were killed at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks after exposure. These pigs all showed histological lesions in the turbinate and B. bronchiseptica was recovered from various parts of the respiratory tract. Pigs killed 3 weeks after inoculation showed advanced turbinate atrophy (Tables II and III). Among inoculated litter mates reared to slaughter weight, only one developed clinical signs (slight) of atrophic rhinitis, and a tendency towards an elimination of the B. bronchiseptica infection from the accessible part of the nasal cavity was noticed during the growth period. By examination of nasal swabs collected when the pigs were 10 to 13 weeks old, Mycoplasma flocculare was isolated as well from pigs inoculated with B. bronchiseptica as from the control pigs. The growth rate of the experimental pigs was high and no difference in feed consumption or feed conversion occurred between the exposed pigs and the control pigs. By post mortem examination of the snouts from the pigs slaughtered at approx. 85 kg live weight, severe atrophic rhinitis was not found. Approximately one third (32%) of the exposed pigs showed slight atrophic rhinitis lesions (Table IV). The results are discussed and it is concluded that the isolated B. bronchiseptica strains are pathogenic in young pigs and able to induce turbinate atrophy 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation. Turbinate atrophy induced in pigs a few weeks old, may apparently restore completely or almost completely during the growth period. Under the provided experimental conditions, infection with B. bronchiseptica did not result in the development of a lasting, growth-retarding atrophic rhinitis.
 ...
PMID:Inoculation experiments with Bordetella bronchiseptica strains in SPF pigs. 93 9

In fattening turkeys 2.5 weeks of age a respiratory disease associated with coughing, nasal discharge and swelling of the infraorbital sinus was seen. Pathological findings in diseased turkeys were sinusitis, tracheitis, pneumonia and aerosacculitis. Virological investigations of trachea, kidney and intestine in SPF-chicken embryos resulted in the isolation of a virus, that could be identified as a paramyxovirus type 3 due to chemical-physical, biological, morphological and immunological properties. The pathogenicity of the isolate 324/86 to turkeys was shown in a test with three weeks old turkey poults. This is the first isolation and identification of a paramyxovirus-3 of turkeys in Germany.
 ...
PMID:[Isolation of a paramyxovirus-3 from turkeys with respiratory tract disease in Germany]. 182 71

During the last twenty years pleuropneumonia in pigs, caused by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, has spread globally. The increasing importance of the disease within swine production is apparently connected with increasing industrialization and subsequent heavy concentration of a large number of animals in the individual production unit. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae seems to be specific for pigs. Several more or less pathogenic serotypes of the bacterium are known. Serotype 2 as occurring in Denmark is primary pathogen for pigs which have not previously been in contact with the infection. Immunity of varying strength and duration is left after recovery. Prolonged immunity in an animal is presumably dependent on latent infection or on repeated infections. Normally there is a large number of latently infected animals in attacked herds. Such animals, especially sows and boars, represent a potential infection reservoir which might be the basis of new clinical outbreaks under conditions of reduced herd immunity or of compromised general resistance of animal groups. Clinical disease is most frequently seen in young pigs and fatteners, as piglets are generally protected by maternal antibodies. Acute pleuropneumonia is characterized by high temperature, lost appetite, light cough and often vomiting. Morbidity is high, especially by new-infection where there may also be considerable mortality if adequate antibacterial therapy is neglected, however, normally the disease implies low mortality. The pathological lesions are localized to the respiratory organs. The lungs are the seat of fibrinous necrotising pneumonia (red, grey hepatization), more or less extensive, most frequently of the diaphragmatic part of the lung. Furthermore fibrinous, later on fibrous pleuritis and pericarditis may be seen. The fibrous pleuritis may be of decisive diagnostical value when established with high frequency in baconers. The disease causes losses as a consequence of increased use of medicine and reduced daily weight gain in fatteners. Optimum environment and feeding conditions will reduce such losses considerably. The use of commercially available vaccines makes it possible to fortify specific resistance against the disease in exposed groups of animals. In small herds with few infected animals the infection may be eliminated by discarding seropositive animals, combined with strategic medication. Elimination of the infectious agent in large herds can only take place by replacing all animals by an SPF-herd.
 ...
PMID:[Pleuropneumonia in pigs due to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. I. A bibliographical review (author's transl)]. 703 96

200 SPF pigs were infected by aerosol with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the development of clinical signs, serological and pathological reactions were studied. Mean time to onset of coughing was 13 days. A mean delay of 9 days was observed from onset of coughing until seroconversion against M. hyopneumoniae as measured by ELISA. At an individual level, the sensitivity for this ELISA was estimated to 98-100% and the specificity to 93-100%. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the majority of the lungs 4 weeks post inoculation with M. hyopneumoniae and the lung lesions in pigs were significantly larger when P. multocida was present as compared to pigs with M. hyopneumoniae alone. An evaluation of cultivation, immunofluorescence, ELISA and polymerase chain reaction for demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae in lungs showed that all four methods have a high sensitivity in the acute stages of pneumonia. In the later stages the sensitivity of cultivation was superior to the other methods. No differences in specificity were observed between the methods. The antigen-ELISA OD values and the immunofluorescence scores revealed a strong positive correlation. Nasal swabs were additionally used for demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae and the polymerase chain reaction was found superior to the other methods.
 ...
PMID:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs: duration of the disease and evaluation of four diagnostic assays. 905 Jan 68

To investigate the influence of maternal antibody to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection, the following examination was done using conventional and SPF pigs. Ten 17-day-old conventional pigs with maternal antibody against PRRS virus and 6 44-day-old SPF pigs seronegative were inoculated intranasally with 10(5.0) TCID50 of PRRS virus. Two conventional and 4 SPF pigs were served as non-inoculated control. In conventional pigs, coughing and febrile response were observed after inoculation, and mean rate of weight gain reduced. One of the inoculated conventional pigs died on post-inoculation-day (PID) 28 and Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from the lung. Although febrile response was also observed in the inoculated SPF pigs, reduction in weight gain rate was not recognized. Virus was isolated from all the sera of inoculated conventional and SPF pigs except one conventional pig between PID 7 and 49, and between PID 7 and 28, respectively. Onset of viremia in the several conventional pigs delayed. Virus was isolated from the tissues of the 5 conventional pigs on PID 65 and from the tissues of the dead pig. On the other hand, virus was not isolated from the tissues of non-inoculated conventional pigs, and inoculated and non-inoculated SPF pigs. At the virus inoculation, antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay against PRRS virus were detected in the sera of conventional pigs with antibody titers of 1:20. Antibody titers gradually decreased after inoculation and rose from PID 21 or 28 and were between 1:160 and 1:640 on PID 63. Virus neutralization (VN) antibody titers were 1:2 or 1:4 at the inoculation and gradually decreased. Apparent rise in VN antibody titer was not observed after the inoculation. In the sera of control pigs, both antibody titers gradually decreased and did not rise. In the sera of the SPF pigs, antibodies by the IFA assay were first detected on PID 7 or 14. The titers of antibodies rose and reached their maximum with 1:320 to 1:2,560 on PID 21 to 35. VN antibodies were first detected in PID 42 to 56 and thereafter, the titers ranged between 1:1 to 1:4. Control SPF pigs were free of antibody throughout the examination. Antigenic variability was not recognized between the inoculated and recovered viruses by the VN test. The prolonged duration of viremia and virus isolation from the tissues on PID 65 in conventional pigs with low maternal antibody might support the present of antibody-dependent enhancement activity of PRRS virus infection.
 ...
PMID:Experimental infection of maternally immune pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. 987 27

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is one of the main causes of economic losses for swine producers. This complex is due to a combination of different pathogens and their interactions. Two major pathogens involved in PRDC are Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The objectives of this study were (i) to develop an experimental model of dual Mhp/PRRSV infection in SPF pigs with European strains of Mhp and PRRSV and (ii) to assess and compare the effects of single Mhp, single PRRSV or combined Mhp/PRRSV vaccination against this dual infection. Pigs dually infected with Mhp and PRRSV showed a combination of symptoms characteristic of each pathogen but no significant exacerbation of pathogenicity. Thus, the co-infected pigs displayed coughing and pneumonia typical of Mhp infection in addition to PRRSV-related hyperthermia and decrease in average daily gain (ADG). Hyperthermia was reduced in PRRSV vaccinated animals (single or combined vaccination), whereas ADG was restored in Mhp/PRRSV vaccinated pigs only. Regarding respiratory symptoms and lung lesions, no vaccine decreased coughing. However, all vaccines reduced the pneumonia score but more so in animals receiving the Mhp vaccine, whether single or combined. This vaccine also decreased the Mhp load in the respiratory tract. In conclusion, combined vaccination against both Mhp and PRRSV efficiently pooled the efficacy of each single PRRSV and Mhp vaccination and could be an interesting tool to control PRDC in European swine production.
...
PMID:Efficacy of combined vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in dually infected pigs. 2642 12