Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment of paraquat intoxication, primarily from oral ingestion, and the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of paraquat are reviewed. Toxicity has occurred after topical application, oral ingestion or inhalation of paraquat. Systemic toxicity has not been reported from smoking of paraquat-contaminated marijuana but heavy abusers of contaminated marijuana may experience coughing, hemoptysis and mouth irritation. Following ingestion of 30 mg/kg or 50 ml of a 21% (w/w) solution of paraquat (as the base), hepatic, cardiac or renal failure or death may occur. Smaller doses (greater than or equal to 4 mg/kg of paraquat base) may cause respiratory distress, renal dysfunction or, occasionally, jaundice or adrenal cortical necrosis. When paraquat ingestion is suspected, the drug should be removed immediately from the gastrointestinal tract by gastric lavage or by whole-gut irrigation. Adsorbents such as Fuller's earth, bentonite or activated charcoal may be used during gastric lavage. Combined use of forced diuresis (with furosemide, mannitol and i.v. dextrose in water or normal saline), hemodialysis or hemoperfusion is recommended until the compound cannot be detected in body fluids or the dialysate. Immediate and effective treatment is necessary to prevent systemic toxicity or death from paraquat intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Paraquat poisoning: a review. 36 Aug 33

An outbreak of Gnathostoma larva migrans occurred among guests of a New Year's party in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Nine people who consumed a raw fish dish called 'Hu-sae' contracted the disease. Five of them developed gastro-intestinal symptoms consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea as early as within the first 24 hours, while in the other four, symptoms started on the following day. After the initial symptoms pertaining to the gut, malaise, chest discomfort, cough, myalgia, weakness, itching and migratory swellings were experienced. Eosinophilia was demonstrated in every patient with a mean (+/- SE) count of 5,516 +/- 1,010 cells/cu mm. Detection of antibody against aqueous extracts of G. spinigerum adult antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a titer of 1:1,600 or greater in every patients except one who had a titer of 1:400 (positive greater than or equal to 1:400). This outbreak illustrates the high attack rate when heavily infected fish are consumed.
 ...
PMID:Gnathostoma larva migrans among guests of a New Year party. 182 91

Solid organ transplant recipients can experience serious disease and death from infection due to the parasitic roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis. This parasite lives in soil contaminated with human feces. Domestic dogs and cats may be another reservoir. Larvae can penetrate the skin, are carried hematogenously to the lungs, migrate up the bronchial tree, and then can be passed to the upper small intestine. Autoinfection occurs in the setting of immunosuppression when invasive larvae penetrate the gut wall and cause disseminated infection. Polymicrobial sepsis is sometimes seen due to enteric organisms adhering to the parasite. Transplant recipients are at highest risk during the first 3 months posttransplant. Many organ systems may be affected. Pulmonary symptoms include cough, wheezing, sputum production, dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachypneas, and pleuritic pain. Hyperinfection, an augmentation of the normal skin-lung-intestine life cycle, occurs in roughly two-thirds of infected transplant recipients, with dissemination in the remainder. Diagnosis is made primarily by examination of the stool or intestinal secretions for ova and parasites. Occasionally, parasites are noted in the sputum. New serologic tests show promise. The parasite may remain in the host for over 25 years before immunosuppression causes either dissemination or hyperinfection. Thiabendazole given for 3 to 7 days is the treatment of choice for organ transplant recipients. Repeat courses may be needed to eradicate infection.
 ...
PMID:Strongyloides infections in transplant recipients. 234 6

Medical records of 210 horses that survived ventral midline celiotomy for at least 4 months were examined and owners were queried to determine factors contributing to incisional hernia formation. The incidence rate of incisional hernias within 4 months was 16%. Factors significantly associated with occurrence of incisional hernias were incisional drainage, closure of the linea alba with chromic gut suture material, previous midline celiotomy, excessive incisional edema, castrated male sex, postoperative leukopenia, and postoperative pain (colic). Factors not significantly associated with occurrence of incisional hernias were suture pattern used for linea alba closure, concurrent enterotomy or intestinal resection, postoperative bandage or stent, postoperative fever, hypoproteinemia, diarrhea, respiratory disease (coughing), and peritonitis. Hernias developed in horses within 12 weeks of surgery, with the earliest hernia recognized at week 2. Of 30 horses for which information was available, only one hernia developed in 24 (80%) and two or more hernias developed in 6 (20%) along the incision. Multiple hernias tended to be smaller than single hernias.
 ...
PMID:Incisional hernias in the horse. Incidence and predisposing factors. 253 Jun 84

P. equorum is a common and ubiquitous parasite that persists for many years in stables and on pasture in spite of good hygiene and anthelmintic control programs. Foals are usually infected early in life. During the migratory phase of the infection, clinical signs include coughing and a nasal discharge followed by depression and unthriftiness as the worms mature in the gut. Some foals die as a result of intestinal impaction or rupture. Patency is established around 3 months of age, and fecal egg counts may rise to very high levels. From 6 months of age onwards, the ascarid burden diminishes as the foals become immune. Patent infections are seldom found in mature horses and, when present, they tend to be of low magnitude. Preventive measures are aimed at treating foals frequently enough to prevent the development of a large mass of ascarids in the intestine. This is achieved by a 6-weekly dosing regimen using an anthelmintic with proven and reliable efficacy against P. equorum.
 ...
PMID:Ascarids. Recent advances. 352 75

On clinical examination, a six-year-old Hassian gray gelding with a history of impaired performance, slight cough, colic, and edema of the ventral abdomen, prepuce and the legs had reduced skin turgor, pale mucous membranes, forced costoabdominal breathing, reduced venous return, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis and a high percentage of monocytoid leukemic cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, hydrothorax, and a diffusely thickened gut wall were found at necropsy. Massive infiltration with monocytoid leukemic cells was detected in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, gut wall, kidneys, and choroid plexus. Incubation of living cells obtained from a leukocyte concentrate with latex particles revealed phagocytosis in the leukemic cells on light and electron microscopy. The leukemic cells also had a marked alpha-naphthyl-acetate and naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity, but were only weakly positive to naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase. A very weak alkaline phosphatase activity only was demonstrated in a few leukemic cells. On scanning electron microscopy, the leukemic cells had prominent ruffles and ridge-like profiles. These features of the leukemic cells excluded lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, and monocytic leukemia was diagnosed.
 ...
PMID:Monocytic leukemia in a horse. 658 70

On August 14, 2001, a 76-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to our hospital with fever, cough, dyspnea and diarrhea. On admission, her chest radiography showed pleural effusion on the right side, and thoracocentesis was used to diagnose empyema. The patient underwent pleural drainage and received antibiotics. Alpha-Streptococcus was detected in both aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the pleural effusion. After 2 weeks of therapy, her empyema had improved; but her diarrhea, which had started 1 week before admission, had worsened, and her hypoproteinemia had progressed. Examination of the fecal clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin and biopsied rectal material revealed that the diarrhea was caused by protein-losing enteropathy due to gastrointestinal amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. The patient was treated with steroids, but developed an additional infectious disease and died on September 29, 2001. In this case, she suffered from various infectious diseases including empyema and fungus infections. It has been reported that protein-losing enteropathy accompanies abnormalities in the immune system, by the loss of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes from the gut. We therefore suspect that protein-losing enteropathy due to gastrointestinal amyloidosis caused this patient's empyema.
 ...
PMID:[An autopsy case of protein-losing enteropathy due to gastrointestinal amyloidosis, occurring in empyema]. 1260 5

A 26-year-old male with graft vs. host disease (GVHD) presented with rhinolalia (a squeaky voice of nasal quality) as a presenting sign for pneumonasopharynx and pneumomediastinum secondary to bronchiolitis obliterans. The patient underwent HLA-identical related peripheral blood stem cells transplantation 8 months before the diagnosis. Three weeks after transplantation he began to suffer from GVHD Grade III that involved the gut, liver, and skin and later on the lungs. Due to severe obstructive bronchiolitis obliterans the patient developed intensive cough evolving into pneumomediastinum and pneumonasopharynx with rhinolalia. The patient was treated conservatively with complete resolution. Although rare, pneumomediastinum and pneumonasopharynx can be a life-threatening event, and one should be aware of the signs and symptoms on physical examination, which may be as subtle as rhinolalia alone.
 ...
PMID:Rhinolalia as a presenting sign of pneumomediastinum complicating post peripheral blood stem cell transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans. 1458 46

Feeding tubes are used frequently in the intensive care unit to provide enteral nutrition. For critically ill patients, enteral nutrition is preferable to parenteral in terms of cost, complication and gut mucosal maintenance. Fine bore feeding tubes are always preferred because their soft, flexible construction and narrow diameter enables these tubes to be well tolerated by patients and they rarely contribute to sinus infections or obstruction of breathing. On the other hand it is not uncommon that these tubes are misplaced in the tracheobronchial tree or the pleural cavity, especially in high-risk patients, i.e. sedated patients, patients with weak cough reflex, endotracheally intubated patients and agitated patients. Malpositioning in the peritoneal cavity or the mediastinum through gastric or esophageal perforation is also possible; even intravascular and intracranial misplacement have been reported. The incidence of misplacement of a feeding tube is difficult to estimate because few studies have been performed. The largest study of 1100 such tubes revealed an overall malposition rate of 1.3%, but it should be mentioned that this study included only radiographically detected misplacements. Other researchers estimate the occurrence of accidental misplacement and migration out of position as high as 13% to 20% in high-risk patients.
 ...
PMID:Malpositioning of fine bore feeding tube: a serious complication. 1567 83

Acute graft-versus-host disease is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It normally affects the skin, liver, and gut. We report a 54-year-old male who developed shortness of breath, cough, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in which the work-up failed to demonstrate an infectious etiology 165 days post-HLA-matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Eighteen days before, his tacrolimus had been tapered and it was subtherapeutic on admission. A transbronchial biopsy showed a perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate without evident pathogens on histology or extensive work-up. The clinical picture was suggestive of pulmonary acute graft-versus-host disease. No disease was present elsewhere. Accordingly, the patient was treated with steroids and tacrolimus. After 12 hr on methylprednisolone, his symptoms disappeared with eventual resolution radiologically. Acute graft-versus-host disease of the lung is a very uncommon complication after stem cell transplant, but it should be considered in patients who are at high risk for graft-versus-host disease or developing symptoms soon after discontinuing immunosuppression. Its diagnosis requires work-up to rule out an infectious etiology and a biopsy to confirm histology.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocytic pneumonitis as the manifestation of acute graft-versus-host disease of the lung. 1592 16


1 2 3 Next >>