Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case of a 3-month-old boy with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is reported. He had cough and tachypnea, his weight gain was poor and a chest radiograph showed microgranular shadows in almost all lung areas. Histological investigations revealed severe cellular infiltration by a variety of lymphoid and plasma cells with lymphoid follicle formation in the alveolar walls and also around the bronchioles. Foamy macrophages, a few lymphocytes and exudate filled the alveolar spaces. Epithelial cells lining the air spaces expressed human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. Lymphocytes and macrophages in the alveolar spaces expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta strongly. Serum TGF-beta 1 concentrations were measured eight times during the course of his illness. They exceeded the upper end of the normal range in four samples and were within it in the others. These results suggested that dysfunction of the immune system, especially abnormal expression of HLA-DR in non-immune cells and exaggerated production of TGF-beta played important roles in the pathogenesis of LIP in this patient.
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PMID:A case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in a 3-month-old boy not associated with HIV infection: immunohistochemistry of lung biopsy specimens and serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 assay. 936 Nov 4

Several studies have emphasized the role of familial factors and familial aggregation in increasing susceptibility to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS); the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in the development of sleep disordered breathing and OSAS of children. Between January 2000 and January 2003, all the 370 children [193 males; median age: 5.2 years (range: 1-12 years)] with sleep disordered breathing referred to our Center were screened by a 41-item multiple-choice questionnaire. All habitual snores children underwent a polisomnographic evaluation, and those with an apnea/hypopnea index >3 were diagnosed as having OSAS. All children with OSAS or primary snoring were HLA typed for class I and II. According to nocturnal polygraphic monitoring study, 41 patients were diagnosed as having OSAS and 32 as primary snoring. Patients in the two diagnostic groups were homogeneous for demographic and clinical characteristics. HLA-B65 was found to be significantly more expressed in children with sleep disordered breathing as compared with controls (10.5% versus 3.61; Pypc < 0.04) while no difference was found for the other tested antigens. A logistic regression analysis found cough (P < 0.02) and persistent wheeze (P < 0.008) the sole risk factors for OSAS development. Our preliminary data suggest that HLA does not play a key role in the pathogenesis of OSAS, however more studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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PMID:Influence of HLA antigens and OSAS in childhood: a preliminary report. 1591 May 13

We describe an unusual case of unexpected dyspnoea following transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in a previously-well 72-year-old woman. Our patient was scheduled for an ultrasonographically-guided liver biopsy for work-up for autoimmune hepatitis. She was given FFP to correct a prolonged prothrombin time. Shortly after the transfusion was initiated, she started coughing and became progressively dyspnoeic. Clinically, she was tachypnoeic with diffuse bilateral crepitations, and rapidly went into respiratory failure. She was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Her condition improved and she was extubated by the second day, with no long-term pulmonary sequelae. A diagnosis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) was made, based on the rapidity of onset and association with transfusion. This was confirmed by the findings of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies in both the patient and recipient blood. Our case highlights this important but under-recognised condition. The incidence, diagnosis and management of TRALI are also discussed.
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PMID:Dyspnoea due to plasma transfusion-related acute lung injury. 1699 Sep 69

Neuroimmune interactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Symptoms like wheezing and cough have been attributed to neural dysregulation, whereas sensitization and the induction of allergic inflammation have been linked with the activity of dendritic cells. Neuropeptides were previously shown to control dendritic cell function in vitro, suggesting interactions between dendritic cells and sensory nerves. Here we characterized the anatomical basis of the interactions between dendritic cells and nerves in the airways of mice and monitored the changes during allergic inflammation. Airway microdissection, whole-mount immunohistology, and confocal microscopy were used for the three-dimensional quantitative mapping of airway nerves and dendritic cells along the main axial pathway of nonsensitized versus ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged CD11c-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (CD11c-EYFP) transgenic mice. CD11c-EYFP-positive airway mucosal dendritic cells were contacted by calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive sensory fibers and their co-localization increased in allergic inflammation. Moreover, protein gene product 9.5-positive neuroepithelial bodies and airway ganglia were associated with dendritic cells. In human airways, human leukocyte antigen DR-positive mucosal dendritic cells were found in the close proximity of sensory nerves and neuroepithelial cells. These results provide morphologic evidence of the interactions between dendritic cells and the neural network of the airways at multiple anatomical sites.
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PMID:Spatial interactions between dendritic cells and sensory nerves in allergic airway inflammation. 1760 Mar 12

A 54-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated donor in nonremission status. Bone marrow aspiration performed on day 14 showed that the patient had achieved complete remission; however, he relapsed on day 28. The patient developed a wet cough, and chest computed tomography performed on day 27 revealed pneumonia. Because pneumonia developed along with the leukemic relapse, we suspected that it was due to pulmonary leukemic infiltration (PLI). Giemsa-stained sputum showed some blast cells and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that the patient had monosomy 7, which was also detected in bone marrow blasts. Though we prescribed hydroxycarbamide and decreased tacrolimus rapidly, AML progressed and led to the patient's death on day 45. Histopathological findings of the autopsy performed the next day showed diffuse alveolar damage in both lungs. The blast cells were packed in blood vessels of alveolar septa and were also seen in alveoli. PLI was diagnosed pathologically. In conclusion, our case demonstrates that Giemsa stain of sputum is useful in quick diagnosis of PLI without invasive examination.
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PMID:[Leukemic pulmonary infiltration diagnosed by sputum Giemsa-staining]. 3222 87

History An 18-year-old man was diagnosed with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and underwent transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from his human leukocyte antigen-matched sister 1 year prior to admission. He was admitted to evaluate progressive shortness of breath and dry cough of 1-month duration. He did not report fever, night sweats, or hemoptysis. Physical examination revealed he was afebrile and had normal pulse oxygen saturation. The examination revealed crepitation on palpation of the anterior neck, expiratory wheezes, and crackles heard at auscultation of bases of both lungs. Extensive maculopapular rash on the skin was consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Laboratory tests revealed elevated liver transaminase and bilirubin levels that were attributed to liver GVHD. Nonenhanced thin-section CT of the chest was performed (Figs 1-5).
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PMID:Case 281. 3231 Jul 33

HistoryAn 18-year-old man was diagnosed with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and underwent transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from his human leukocyte antigen-matched sister 1 year prior to admission. He was admitted to evaluate progressive shortness of breath and dry cough of 1-month duration. He did not report fever, night sweats, or hemoptysis. Physical examination revealed he was afebrile and had normal pulse oxygen saturation. The examination revealed crepitation on palpation of the anterior neck, expiratory wheezes, and crackles heard at auscultation of bases of both lungs. Extensive maculopapular rash on the skin was consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Laboratory tests revealed elevated liver transaminase and bilirubin levels that were attributed to liver GVHD. Nonenhanced thin-section CT of the chest was performed.
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PMID:Case 281: Thoracic Air Leak Syndrome in a Patient with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Graft-versus-Host Disease. 3280