Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 43-year-old woman developed asthma 6 years after beginning work in a food-processing plant in which soybean flour was used as a protein extender. Symptoms of sneezing, coughing, and wheezing would begin within minutes of exposure to soybean flour and resolve 2 hours after exposure ceased. Skin tests were positive to a soy extract prepared from the flour. Airway hyperreactivity was confirmed by a positive bronchial challenge to methacholine. Bronchial challenge with soybean flour produced an immediate increase in specific airway resistance from 5.0 to 22.7 L. cm of H2O/L/sec. There was no response to challenge with lactose. The patient's allergic response to soy-flour extract was further characterized by several immunologic methods. IgE binding to soy-flour protein by direct RAST was 5.98 times that of a normal control serum. The soy-flour extract was separated by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four protein bands were detected in the crude soy-flour extract. After immunoblotting and subsequent autoradiography, nine proteins with molecular weights ranging from 54,500 to 14,875 were found. Cross-reactivity studies with other legumes demonstrated apparent immunologic identity between a component in green pea extract and a soybean protein with a molecular weight of 17,000. The clinical significance of this cross-reactivity is not known. We conclude that in this case of occupational asthma to soybean flour, multiple allergens were involved. Immunoblotting may be useful in identifying the allergens involved in occupational asthma.
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PMID:Soybean flour asthma: detection of allergens by immunoblotting. 304 39

A literature review regarding commonly recommended bedside measures to test nasogastric and nasointestinal feeding tube placement is presented in this article. Among the methods discussed are: aspiration of recognizable gastrointestinal contents, auscultation of insufflated air, measurement of pH of gastrointestinal secretions, and observing for coughing and choking, inability to speak, and the appearance of bubbles from the end of the tube when it is held under water. Fallibilities in these methods as well as discrepancies in recommendations for their implementation and interpretation are discussed along with implications for current practice and needed areas for research.
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PMID:Measures to test placement of nasogastric and nasointestinal feeding tubes: a review. 305 20

The effect of disguising the odour of isoflurane with fruit flavouring, upon the quality of inhalational induction, was studied in 41 children aged 3-10 years in a double-blind, randomised trial. Facemasks were either lightly coated with fruit extract or moistened with water so that their appearance was identical to children, anaesthetist and observer. Children allocated to receive fruit flavouring were significantly quieter than the placebo group, but their degree of movement during induction was unchanged. The incidence of respiratory complications including breath-holding, laryngospasm and coughing was similar in both groups. Overall impression of the quality of induction as assessed by the anaesthetist showed no difference between the groups. This simple, cheap modification of inhalational induction warrants further appraisal while the case for disguising the odour of isoflurane remains unproven.
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PMID:'Fruit-flavoured' mask for isoflurane induction in children. 306 4

The airway response to inhaled ultrasonically nebulised distilled water and three disodium cromoglycate solutions (DSCG in distilled water, normal saline and buffered saline) produced by a small portable nebuliser was determined by spirometry in 12 stable adult asthmatics in a double-blind trial. The mean percentage falls in forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) were 13.4% following distilled water, 5.6% following DSCG in distilled water, 4.8% following DSCG in normal saline, 6.9% after DSCG in buffered saline. The fall in FEV1 was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) after distilled water than after all DSCG solutions with no significant difference between the DSCG solutions. Coughing was also greater during inhalation of nebulised distilled water than during inhalation of nebulised DSCG solutions (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Effect on spirometry of distilled water and cromoglycate solutions nebulised by a small portable ultrasonic nebuliser. 310 81

During 3 trials, using affected pigs of various ages, tiamulin was evaluated for treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Pneumonia was induced in respiratory tract disease-free swine by intratracheal inoculation of a lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Eleven days after inoculation, when more than 20% of pigs were coughing, pigs were allotted to 3 or 4 groups (n = 8 pigs each) and were given regimens of no medication or 60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 10 days. Twenty-one days after cessation of medication, pigs were euthanatized and then were necropsied. Results obtained from the 3 trials did not indicate significant difference among treatment groups in severity of macroscopic or microscopic lesions induced by M hyopneumoniae or in detection of M hyopneumoniae by use of immunofluorescent technique. Clinical evaluations, daily gain, and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among treatment groups. In this study, tiamulin administration did not have beneficial effects in swine with mycoplasmal pneumonia.
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PMID:Evaluation of tiamulin for treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine. 317 Mar 19

We investigated respiratory reflex responses to tracheal mucosa stimulation induced by injection of distilled water in 13 female patients under three different depths of enflurane anesthesia (0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration). Detailed analysis of the types of reflex responses revealed that there are at least six different responses: 1) the apneic reflex, 2) the expiration reflex, 3) spasmodic, panting breathing, 4) the cough reflex, 5) slowing of breathing, and 6) rapid, shallow breathing. Among these reflex responses, the cough reflex was the most sensitive and the apneic reflex followed by slowing of breathing was the most resistant to deepening anesthesia, whereas the sensitivity of other types of reflex responses was in between. Our results indicate that the types of respiratory reflex responses to tracheal mucosa stimulation are associated with depths of anesthesia and that the differences in sensitivity to anesthesia may be a valuable sign in clinical assessment of depth of anesthesia.
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PMID:Respiratory reflex responses to stimulation of tracheal mucosa in enflurane-anesthetized humans. 318 75

Cases of irritation-cough in personnel and patients of a physiotherapeutical department during treatment by under-water massage were found out as to be due to mass vegetation of a population of Staurastrum gracile Ralfs 1848 in the raw water a no-contaminated surface water. Algae passed the filter element. Outbreak of such an illness in man caused by green algae were unknown hitherto.
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PMID:[Algae as the cause of irritation cough]. 318 92

Thirty-two workers in an electroplating plant accidently drank water contaminated with nickel sulfate and chloride (1.63 g Ni/liter). Twenty workers promptly developed symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, giddiness, lassitude, headache, cough, shortness of breath) that typically lasted a few hours but persisted 1-2 days in 7 cases. The Ni doses in workers with symptoms were estimated to range from 0.5 to 2.5 g. In 15 exposed workers who were tested on day 1 postexposure, serum Ni concentrations ranged from 13 to 1,340 micrograms/liter and urine Ni concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 12 mg/g creatinine. Ten subjects (with initial urine Ni concentrations greater than 0.8 mg/g creatinine) were hospitalized and treated for 3 days with intravenous fluids to induce diuresis, resulting in a mean elimination half-time (T1/2) for serum Ni of 27 hours (SD +/- 7 hour), which was significantly shorter (p less than .001) than the mean T1/2 of 60 hours (SD +/- 11 hours) in 11 subjects who did not receive intravenous fluids. Laboratory tests showed transiently elevated levels of blood reticulocytes (N = 7), urine albumin (N = 3), and serum bilirubin (N = 2). All subjects recovered rapidly, without evident sequellae, and returned to work by the eighth day after exposure.
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PMID:Acute nickel toxicity in electroplating workers who accidently ingested a solution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride. 318 43

Normally the daily volume of lower respiratory tract secretions, in man, is probably less than 100 ml. In hypersecretory disease the volume increases sufficiently to cause cough and expectoration of secretions as sputum. The proportions which are sol or gel vary in disease as does the way in which constituent molecules partition in each phase. The constituent molecules and the cells which produce them (indicated in parentheses) may be classified as follows: 1. Mucus-glycoproteins present as droplets, or sheets (produced by mucous cells), periciliary fluid (serous or ciliated cell or a transudate), surface muco-substance (all epithelial cells) or surfactant hypophase (Clara or type II alveolar cells). 2. Proteins and peptides such as lysozyme (serous cell and macrophage), lactoferrin (serous cell and neutrophil), secretory piece (surface epithelium and submucosal glands), regulatory neuropeptides (dense-core granulated cell and both motor and sensory nerves) and fibronectin (alveolar macrophages). 3. Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulphate (epithelial membranes), heparin (mast cell), chondroitin sulphates and hyaluronate (connective tissue constituents). 4. Lipids including triglycerides (stored in cells) glycolipids (cell membrane), phospholipids (type II alveolar cells), sphingolipids (cell membrane), steroids (? Clara cells) and terpenes (cell membrane). 5. Anti-proteases and anti-oxidants such as bronchial protease inhibitors (serous anc Clara cells), alpha-2-macroglobulin (macrophage), alpha-1-antitrypsin (transudate) and anti-oxidants (type II alveolar cell and macrophage). 6. Other 'secretions' including ions and water (surface epithelium and submucosal glands), mediators of inflammation (migratory cell granules and their membranes), and serum proteins (present in transudate/exudate).
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PMID:The origins of secretions in the lower respiratory tract. 332 67

Of the Legionellaceae family, Pittsburgh pneumonia agent (Tatlockia micdadei, Legionella micdadei) is second only to Legionella pneumophila in causing human pneumonia. In nosocomial infection, the patients tend to be immunosuppressed. The clinical presentation is nonspecific, although in immunosuppressed hosts the presentation may mimic that of pulmonary embolus (pleuritic chest pain, nonproductive cough, pleural-based densities on chest rontgenogram). The reservoir for the organism is water, and prevention of nosocomial infections can be accomplished by disinfection of the water supply. Diagnosis is best established by isolation of the organism from respiratory secretions by using selective, dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. The organisms can be acid-fast when clinical specimens are stained. Erythromycin is the antibiotic of choice, although tetracyclines, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin have also proved to be efficacious.
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PMID:Infections caused by the Pittsburgh pneumonia agent. 332 96


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