Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-sectional study was performed in one industrial (study) and one non-industrial (reference) town in Punjab State, northern India. Ambient air quality samples were collected and analyzed each week for 2 yr. Subjects were 3,603 individuals >15 yr old who were interviewed and whose lung functions were measured spirometrically. Their biomarkers were categorized in terms of obstructive or restrictive defects. Levels of total suspended particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and ozone were significantly higher in the study town than in the reference town. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, breathlessness, or wheezing) was 27.9 and 20.3% in the study and reference towns, respectively (p < 0.05). That of obstructive ventilatory defect was 24.9 and 11.8% (p < 0.05), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that residence in the study town was independently associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.8; p < 0.001) and spirometric ventilatory defect (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.0, 2.9; p < 0.001) after controlling for other demographic effects.
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PMID:Association of outdoor air pollution with chronic respiratory morbidity in an industrial town in northern India. 1638 89

Air pollution remains a leading cause of many respiratory diseases including chronic cough. Although episodes of incidental, dramatic air pollution are relatively rare, current levels of exposure of pollutants in industrialized and developing countries such as total articles, diesel exhaust particles and common cigarette smoke may be responsible for the development of chronic cough both in children and adults. The present study analyses the effects of common environmental factors as potential causes of chronic cough. Different PubMed-based researches were performed that related the term cough to various environmental factors. There is some evidence that chronic inhalation of diesel can lead to the development of cough. For long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), children were found to exhibit increased incidences of chronic cough and decreased lung function parameters. Although a number of studies did not show that outdoor pollution directly causes the development of asthma, they have demonstrated that high levels pollutants and their interaction with sunlight produce ozone (O3) and that repeated exposure to it can lead to chronic cough. In summary, next to the well-known air pollutants which also include particulate matter and sulphur dioxide, a number of other indoor and outdoor pollutants have been demonstrated to cause chronic cough and therefore, environmental factors have to be taken into account as potential initiators of both adult and pediatric chronic cough.
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PMID:Analysing the causes of chronic cough: relation to diesel exhaust, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and other environmental factors. 1672 55

We studied the independent role of air pollution and passive smoking on respiratory symptoms and group of symptoms by following 46 adult nonsmokers for 14 wk. Outcomes included the incidence of 15 symptoms. After adjustment for passive smoking, clear rhinorrhea and cough were positively related to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particles (PM10), and black smoke (BS); whereas headache was positively related to BS. Sneezing, sore throat, and cough were independently positively related to passive smoking. After adjustment for passive smoking, the occurrence of groups of symptoms and of the "sore throat group" were related to three pollutants. The occurrence of the "possible infection group" was positively related to BS. The occurrence of every group of symptoms was independently related to passive smoking. In conclusion, the prevailing levels of air pollution and passive smoking had independent effects on symptoms and groups of symptoms.
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PMID:Air pollution, passive smoking, and respiratory symptoms in adults. 1678 76

Retinoic acid syndrome (RAS) is the clinical syndrome that occurs after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). The patients experience fever, dyspnea, hypotension, respiratory distress, edema and weight gain. Chest x-ray will show pulmonary infiltrates and pleuropericardial effusion. The onset of this syndrome is usually 5-21 days after ATRA treatment when white blood cell counts are rising more than 10,000/cu.mm. The authors have reported a case of RAS. The patient was a 29-year-old man who had been working in a battery manufacturing factory for 7 years. He presented with easily bruising for one month. The initial blood test showed hematocrit of 36.2%, white blood cells count of 3,200/cu.mm with 28% neutrophils, 20% lymphocytes, 2% eosinophils and 50% promyelocytes and platelet of 20,000/cu.mm. Peripheral blood smear revealed numerous fragmented red blood cells. Bone marrow examination showed hypercellularity with abnormal promyelocytes of 95% and bone marrow cytogenetics was translocation of chromosome 15 and 17 [t (15;17)(q22;q12)]. The diagnosis was acute promyelocytic leukemia and the patient was treated with ATRA 45 mg/m2/day per oral starting on day 1 and intravenous idarubicin 10 mg/n2 on day 4, 5 and 6. On day 13, he had a body temperature of 39 degrees C and a dry cough. The white blood cells were rising to 7,400/cu.mm with 16% neutrophils. On day 18, he had oliguria, high grade fever, hypotension, cough with chest pain and white blood cells rose to 21,300/cu.mm with 65% neutrophils and rising of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Chest x-ray showed enlarged cardiac shadow with pleural effusion. Echocardiogram revealed moderate amount of pericardial effusion. The diagnosis of RAS was made and ATRA was withdrawn. Intravenous dexamethasone 4 mg every 6 hours and hemodialysis was started. The patient's symptoms improved dramatically and bone marrow examination was in complete remission. He was subsequently given cytarabine and idarubicin as consolidation. This patient had clinical manifestation consistent with RAS, which improved after prompt treatment.
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PMID:Successful treatment of retinoic acid syndrome with dexamethasone: a case report. 1685 73

The acid-base properties of pholcodine, a cough-depressant agent, and related compounds including metabolites were studied by 1H NMR-pH titrations, and are characterised in terms of macroscopic and microscopic protonation constants. New N-methylated derivatives were also synthesized in order to quantitate site- and nucleus-specific protonation shifts and to unravel microscopic acid-base equilibria. The piperidine nitrogen was found to be 38 and 400 times more basic than its morpholine counterpart in pholcodine and norpholcodine, respectively. The protonation data show that the molecule of pholcodine bears an average of positive charge of 1.07 at physiological pH, preventing it from entering the central nervous system, a plausible reason for its lack of analgesic or addictive properties. The protonation constants of pholcodine and its derivatives are interpreted by comparing with related molecules of pharmaceutical interest. The pH-dependent relative concentrations of the variously protonated forms of pholcodine and morphine are depicted in distribution diagrams.
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PMID:Site-specific acid-base properties of pholcodine and related compounds. 1700 59

Trichosporon asahii is the most important species regularly isolated from systemic mycoses and shows a predilection for hematogenous dissemination. This report describes the first fatal case of disseminated trichosporonosis caused by T. asahii in a patient with familial aplastic anemia (AA). An 11-year-old girl with familial AA received chemoradiotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy for bone marrow transplantation. She was neutropenic and suffered from fever, cough, and severe mouth ulcers. T. asahii was repeatedly demonstrated by appropriate morphological and physiological characteristics, i.e., arthroconidium formation, urease activity, and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen compounds. T. asahii was found in samples of sputum, nose, and mouth ulcers by direct microscopy and culturing. Furthermore, postmortem histopathology study revealed vast tissue invasion of fungal hyphae characteristic of Trichosporon in the lung and liver. Disseminated trichosporonosis should be suspected in immunocompromised patients when a febrile condition does not improve after prolonged treatment with broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics.
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PMID:Disseminated, fatal Trichosporon asahii infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient. 1706 7

Few studies have addressed associations between traffic-related air pollution and respiratory disease in young children. The present authors assessed the development of asthmatic/allergic symptoms and respiratory infections during the first 4 yrs of life in a birth cohort study (n = approximately 4,000). Outdoor concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide PM(2.5), particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mum and soot) were assigned to birthplace home addresses with a land-use regression model. They were linked by logistic regression to questionnaire data on doctor-diagnosed asthma, bronchitis, influenza and eczema and to self-reported wheeze, dry night-time cough, ear/nose/throat infections and skin rash. Total and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E to common allergens were measured in a subgroup (n = 713). Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) per interquartile pollution range were elevated for wheeze (1.2 (1.0-1.4) for soot), doctor-diagnosed asthma (1.3 (1.0-1.7)), ear/nose/throat infections (1.2 (1.0-1.3)) and flu/serious colds (1.2 (1.0-1.4)). No consistent associations were observed for other end-points. Positive associations between air pollution and specific sensitisation to common food allergens (1.6 (1.2-2.2) for soot), but not total IgE, were found in the subgroup with IgE measurements. Traffic-related pollution was associated with respiratory infections and some measures of asthma and allergy during the first 4 yrs of life.
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PMID:Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort. 1747 Jun 16

To investigate clinical course and outcome of dengue with acute respiratory failure (ARF), and to identify related risk factors for acquiring ARF in dengue, we retrospectively studied 11 dengue patients with ARF. From June to December 2002, a total of 606 adult patients were diagnosed as having dengue. Eleven (1.8%) of 606 dengue patients had complications of ARF. The main causes of ARF were sepsis (n = 6, 54.5%) and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding (n = 3, 27.3%). The mortality rate was 72.7% (n = 8). Additionally, univariate analysis showed that age, dyspnea, cough, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, acute hepatic failure, UGI bleeding, and combination bacterial infection were significantly predictive variables associated with dengue patients with ARF.
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PMID:Acute respiratory failure in adult patients with dengue virus infection. 1762 Jun 47

Poor indoor air quality and epidemic carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) poisonings due to exhaust emissions from ice resurfacers have been continuously reported from enclosed ice arenas for over 30 years. The health risks in users of Finnish ice arenas were analysed in three ways: (1) evaluation of four cases of epidemic CO poisonings, (2) modelling the association between NO(2) exposure and respiratory symptoms among junior ice hockey players, and (3) estimation of the number of arena users at risk of breathing poor quality air due to non-compliance of ice arenas with recommended abatement measures. The common causes for the CO poisonings involving over 300 subjects were large emissions from propane-fuelled ice resurfacer, small arena volume, negligible ventilation, and very recent opening of the arena. Rhinitis (prevalence 18.3%) and cough (13.7%) during or after training or game were significantly associated with the estimated personal NO(2) exposure of young hockey players (n=793) to average concentrations ranging from 21 to 1176 microg/m(3) in their home arena. During a 6-year follow-up of an intensive information campaign the portion of electric resurfacers increased from 9% to 27%, and that of emission control technology on propane-fuelled resurfacers increased from 13% to 84%. The portion of inadequately ventilated arenas decreased from 34% to 25%. However, 48% of the investigated Finnish ice arenas (n=125) did not fully comply with the non-regulatory recommendations. Consequently, 20000 daily users of ice arenas were estimated to remain in 2001 at risk of breathing poor quality air. Modern small and inadequately ventilated ice arenas pose their users (mostly children and young adults) at risk of breathing poor quality air and suffering from acute adverse health effects. Governmental regulations are needed worldwide to ensure safe sports in enclosed ice arenas.
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PMID:Health risk assessment of indoor air pollution in Finnish ice arenas. 1771 32

A simple, rapid and precise gas chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride in cough syrup, using a SS column of 10% OV 1 on chromosorb W-HP (80-100 mesh) and nitrogen as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml min(-1). The oven temperature was programmed at 135 degrees C for 1 min, with a rise of 10 degrees C min(-1) up to 250 degrees C (held for 5 min). The injector and detector port temperatures were maintained at 280 degrees C. Detection was carried out using Flame ionization detector. Guaphenesin was used as an internal standard. Results of assay and recovery studies were statistically evaluated for its accuracy and precision.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride in cough syrup by gas chromatography (GC). 1896 46


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