Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to demonstrate the role of anaesthesia, analgesia and muscle paralysis in suppressing the responses to nociceptive stimuli during balanced anaesthesia, the effect of tolerance to endotracheal intubation was used as a model during recovery from a suxamethonium block after different combinations of thiopental and fentanyl. The induction groups were: Thiopental, 4, 6 or 8 mg/kg, and thiopental, 4 mg/kg, supplemented with fentanyt, either 1 microgram/kg or 2 microgram/kg. All 107 patients received suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg, after precurarization and recovery of muscle strength had been recorded by measuring the twitch tension of thumb adduction caused by indirect supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve. With 4 mg/kg thiopental 60% of the patients reacted against the tube before the suxamethonium block had subsided. Increasing the dose to 8 mg/kg or supplementing the 4 mg/kg thiopental with 1 microgram/kg fentanyl reduced the reactions to about 30%. After supplementing with 2 microgram/kg fentanyl, 90% of the patients tolerated the tube. Reactions against the tube, if any, usually occurred before the twitch tension had recovered by more than 30%. After 4 and 6 mg/kg thiopental, about 10% of the patients started reacting before there were signs of recovery of twitch tension. The results show that if bucking or coughing are used as an indication of inadequate muscle paralysis overcurarization can easily occur. Tolerance to the endotracheal tube is more rationally achieved by small doses of narcotic analgesics (e.g. fentanyl, 0.5 to 1 microgram/kg) than by increasing the dosage of thiopental. This simple model has been found useful in demonstrating the basic principles of balanced anaesthesia at the beginning of training in the specialty.
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PMID:The role of different components of balanced anaesthesia in tolerance to endotracheal intubation. 59 9

In the present study a comparison has been made between intubating condition obtainable after anesthesia induction with Thiopental or Propofol, using Vecuronium Bromide to achieve muscle relaxation. Data were collected about hemodynamic parameters, vocal cords position, coughing or bucking, and involuntary movements. Three-hundred patients, males and females, ASA classes I and II, not premedicated, were included in the study; they all had to undergo surgery requiring tracheal intubation. The patients were divided in six different groups, and in each of them intubation was performed at different times from injection of inducing agents (2-2, 30-3-4-5-6 minutes). Overall results show a lack of satisfying intubating conditions on the extreme of selected times (2 and 5-6 minutes), with no significant difference between Thiopental and Propofol, except for a minimal unlike behaviour in hemodynamics. Therefore, on the basis of our data, as far as intubating conditions are considered, we can conclude that there is no reason to prefer one of the two inducing agents.
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PMID:Intubating conditions with propofol under muscle relaxation with vecuronium bromide. A time-related comparison with thiopental. 168 99

Using two infusion anaesthesiamethods for laryngomicroscopy in 187 non-selected patients we studied the recovery phase with the aid of a special questionnaire filled in by the recovery room nurse. Premedication was with Thalamonal and atropine. Muscle relaxation was achieved by a succinylcholine drip. Induction doses: fentanyl 0.05-0.1 mg and thiopental 3-5 mg/kg bodyweight (Th-group) or diazepam 10-20 mg and ketamine 1 mg/kg bodyweight (K-group). Infusion doses: Thiopental 11.7 mg/min. (Th-group) or diazepam 0.2 mg/min. and ketamine 2 mg/min (K-group). Anaesthesia lasted for 20-30 min. We observed and noted during recovery: Breathing, cough-frequency and -quality, alertness, reaction to speech and stimulation, orientation, motor behaviour and well-being. Anaesthesia was sufficient in both groups. The patients of the K-group woke up earlier and their laryngeal reflexes seemed to stabilize quicker than in the Th-group. Because of the elevation of blood pressure caused by the stimulation of the laryngoscopy both methods are not recommended for patients at risk from high blood pressure.
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PMID:[Recovery after ketamine-diazepam and thiopental-fentanyl-infusion anesthesia with jet-ventilation for laryngomicroscopy]. 685 95