Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The choice of a contrast agent for pulmonary angiography has important implications for patient comfort, image quality, and perhaps the safety of the procedure, particularly for "high-risk" patients. In a prospective study the nonionic, low-osmolality agent iopamidol eliminated the problem of image degradation due to coughing, and patients showed excellent tolerance for it. However, pressure measurements obtained within 3-5 minutes of injection of iopamidol and diatrizoate sodium meglumine 76% showed no significant difference in the hemodynamic effects of the two contrast agents, either for normotensive or for pulmonary hypertensive patients. Contrary to a common presumption, pulmonary hypertension by itself did not appear to increase the risk of pulmonary angiography. The theoretic presumption of greater hemodynamic stability with low-osmolality contrast agents was not clinically evident in this trial with iopamidol. At present, enhanced patient comfort and improved image quality remain the only confirmed bases for choosing this contrast agent for pulmonary angiography.
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PMID:Pulmonary angiography with iopamidol: patient comfort, image quality, and hemodynamics. 365 54

To gain insight into the mechanism of aerosol induced bronchoconstriction the differences between ultrasonically-nebulized aqueous-induced bronchoconstriction and cough are contrasted. Both normal subjects and asthmatics cough in response to inhalation of aerosol low in chloride ions (Cl-). This is putatively a result of stimulation of rapidly-adapting receptors (RARs). Normals do not develop bronchoconstriction as a result of inhalation of aqueous aerosols. Asthmatics however do but only when the tonicity is increased above or below normal; (Cl-) is not important. Inhaled lignocaine inhibits cough but not bronchoconstriction whilst sodium cromoglycate (SCG) inhibits bronchoconstriction but not cough. As SCG may inhibit vagal C-fibre receptors it is possible that different vagal afferent receptors are involved in cough and bronchoconstriction. Small but significant bronchodilatation in normals attenuates aerosol-induced cough which can be explained by central modulation of medullary cough neurones by slowly-adapting receptors (SARs). As the same occurs with reflex bronchoconstriction, a complex organisation of vagal afferents can be suggested, where different receptors are responsible for cough and bronchoconstriction and SAR activity modulates the medullary neurones which initiate the two reflexes.
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PMID:The mechanism of aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction. 366 27

A 5- to 7-month old, female dog developed a cough and labored breathing. Filaroides hirthi larvae were recovered from a fecal specimen by use of sodium nitrate flotation and direct saline solution mount. Verminous pneumonia caused by F hirthi was diagnosed. The dog appeared to be immunocompetent, and responded to treatment with fenbendazole.
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PMID:Filaroides hirthi infection in a dog. 374 82

A 52 year old female non-smoker with multiple sclerosis had a 10 year history of frequent diurnal and nocturnal spontaneous attacks of coughing, relapsing and remitting, with typical symptoms of her illness. Otolaryngeal evaluations failed to show any lesions or vocal cord paresis, and her cardiopulmonary examinations were normal. Her attacks were greatly improved by carbamazepine and valproate sodium. I suggest that tussive crisis constitutes a paroxysmal symptom in multiple sclerosis, amenable to treatment with anticonvulsant agents.
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PMID:La toux diabolique: neurogenic tussive crisis. 392 48

A double blind crossover study of nebulised sodium cromoglycate in 27 asthmatic preschool children was carried out over a one year period. All subjects had sufficiently severe asthma to have had at least one admission to hospital. The active treatment was sodium cromoglycate 20 mg (in 2 ml) administered by a nebuliser four times daily. Assessment was made by a diary card and clinical examination. Results were analysed in 24 subjects who completed the study. Statistical analysis allowed for order of treatment and seasonal effects. Significant results in favour of treatment with sodium cromoglycate were obtained for night cough, day activity, percentage of symptom free days, and overall severity of asthma. During active treatment there was no reduction in the rate of admissions to hospital or intravenous drugs used. The wheeze score during the week after an upper respiratory tract infection was not reduced during treatment with sodium cromoglycate. Nebulised sodium cromoglycate is a tedious prophylactic treatment for the young asthmatic child but is useful when other treatments have failed.
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PMID:Nebulised sodium cromoglycate in recurrently wheezy preschool children. 392 98

In a randomized, double-blind, group comparative study, 100 asthmatic patients known to be responsive to cromolyn sodium were treated either with pelletized cromolyn (cromolyn sodium, 20 mg) or with cromolyn blend, Intal (cromolyn sodium, 20 mg + lactose, 20 mg). There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups for asthma severity, breathlessness on exertion, cough, the number of inhalations needed to obtain the dose from the capsule, and morning peak flow. No local or systemic side effects were encountered during the 6-month duration of the study. It is concluded that pelletized cromolyn offers most of the advantages of cromolyn therapy without the need for the patients to inhale lactose at the same time. Also, pelletized cromolyn has a distinct therapeutic advantage for use in lactose-in-tolerant patients.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative study of pelletized cromolyn versus cromolyn blend in the treatment of asthma. 393 44

We examined the relationship between mucus rheology, depth of mucus layer, and clearance by simulated cough. A model trachea was constructed of rigid Plexiglas of rectangular cross section (1 X 2 X 35 cm). The bottom of the trachea was lined with mucus simulants, gels prepared from locust bean gum cross-linked with sodium borate. Cough was simulated by opening a solenoid valve connecting the model trachea to a pressurized tank. An upstream flow-constrictive element was used to shape the flow profile of the simulated cough to approximate the pattern seen in a normal adult. Clearance of mucus was quantitated by observing the movement of contrasting marker particles floating in the mucus layer. The median particle displacement per cough maneuver was defined as the clearance index (CI). We found that CI for any initial depth of mucus increased with the driving pressure in the tank. For a given driving pressure, CI increased linearly with increasing mucus depth. For a given driving pressure and depth, CI decreased with increasing mucus cross-link density. For mucus samples with comparable levels of dynamic viscosity, samples with higher elasticity cleared less well. Mucus clearance was associated with transient wave formation in the lining layer.
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PMID:Clearance of mucus by simulated cough. 400 99

Ptychodiscus brevis, which causes Florida red tide, produces Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PBTX) known to contain neurotoxins and to induce rhinorrhea, tearing, and cough in normal humans and wheezing in asthmatic subjects. It was previously reported (J Allergy Clin Immunol 69:418, 1982; 73:824, 1984) that PBTX causes canine tracheal smooth muscle contraction via stimulation of sodium channels in the axons of parasympathetic postganglionic nerves and the release of acetylcholine from these nerve endings. This was postulated to be an asthma-triggering mechanism. In this article the toxins were evaluated to determine if they also stimulate sodium channels on adrenergic nerve endings and release norepinephrine. Rat vas deferens was selected as the experimental tissue. Both PBTX and norepinephrine contracted rat vas deferens. Prazosin 10(-6) mol/L blocked the response to PBTX (3 micrograms/ml) (88.3% to 27.3% contraction [n = 6; p less than 0.001]) and the response to norepinephrine (EC50 was shifted from 1.67 X 10(-6) mol/L to 1.25 X 10(-4) mol/L in the presence of prazosin 10(-6) mol/L [n = 6; p less than 0.001]). Phentolamine 10(-6) mol/L also blocked both PBTX and norepinephrine. Tetrodotoxin 10(-7) mol/L, a sodium channel blocker, completely blocked the response to PBTX but not to norepinephrine. The response to PBTX was significantly reduced from 1.53 gm of tension in controls to 0.29 gm of tension (n = 6; p = 0.002) in tissues obtained from rats pretreated with reserpine (2 mg/kg per day for 2 days, injected intraperitoneally). Verapamil 10(-5) mol/L blocked the PBTX response, and PBTX caused no contraction in calcium-free media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The mechanism of Ptychodiscus brevis toxin-induced rat vas deferens contraction. 404 Jan 40

Four hundred and sixteen dogs with naturally-occurring heartworm disease were evaluated for complications following thiacetarsamide sodium therapy. Of these, 109 dogs (26.2%) experienced complications. Increased lung sounds was the most commonly seen complication, followed by fever and coughing. In dogs with complications, 83.5% of them presented without clinical evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism or heart failure. There were no statistically significant differences between the age, sex, breed and body size of dogs that experienced complications following thiacetarsamide therapy and dogs that did not. Complications were most frequently seen 5 to 9 days following thiacetarsamide therapy although some dogs experienced initial complications as late as 28 days. Thirty-three of 109 dogs (33.0%) with complications responded to exercise restriction. The remaining 76 dogs with complications prior to or following thiacetarsamide required adjunct drug therapy. Of these, 35 dogs responded favorably to anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone or prednisone. Five dogs died or were euthanatized because of the complications experienced. Eighteen of 416 dogs (4.3%) presented with clinical evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism or heart failure prior to the thiacetarsamide therapy. All 18 dogs experienced complications in spite of adjunct drug therapy and exercise restriction prior to, during, and following thiacetarsamide therapy. Survival rate following resolution of the thiacetarsamide-induced complications was greater than 98%.
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PMID:Complications following thiacetarsamide sodium therapy in Louisiana dogs with naturally-occurring heartworm disease. 405 12

In a retrospective study to compare the drug consumption during pregnancy of mothers of infants with congenital abnormalities and of those without, over 97% of 1,369 mothers took prescribed drugs and 65% self-administered drugs. Significantly more mothers of infants with congenital abnormalities took aspirin, antacids, dextroamphetamine, phenobarbitone, sodium amytal, other barbiturates, cough medicines, iron, sulphonamides, and nicotinamide than mothers in the control group. However, most mothers taking analgesics, antacids, appetite suppressants, barbiturates, cough medicines, iron, sulphonamides, and vitamins produced normal infants. Any teratogenic effect of these drugs is therefore one of low potency. On the other hand, deficiencies such as those of ascorbic acid and folic acid may have a teratogenic effect. There is need for caution in presuming teratogenic effects on the basis of the associations shown here. During pregnancy, however, it would appear wise to avoid the administration of any drug which carries a suspicion of teratogenicity unless that drug is specifically indicated, and self-medication with common household remedies such as aspirin and antacids should be avoided. These recommendations would also apply to any woman of childbearing age in whom conception is likely.
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PMID:Associations between drugs administered during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the fetus. 439 80


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