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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In six normal subjects treatment with 4 mg nedocromil sodium failed to alter the cough and bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled capsaicin. Because nedocromil has previously been shown to inhibit reflex bronchoconstriction provoked by inhaled sulphur dioxide and inhaled bradykinin, the results suggest that inhaled capsaicin acts on different nerve fibres.
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PMID:Effect of nedocromil sodium on the airway response to inhaled capsaicin in normal subjects. 285 81

Conscious sheep chronically prepared with nonocclusive indwelling vascular and cerebroventricular catheters were used to compare hemodynamic, hematologic, hormonal, and behavioral responses of intracarotid (ic) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to intracerebroventricular (ivt) PGE2. PGE2 had less potent hemodynamic effects when infused ivt than when infused ic. Intracarotid PGE2, 100 ng.kg-1.min-1, increased arterial pressure and heart rate 31 mmHg and 26 beats/min, respectively (P less than 0.01), whereas ivt PGE2, 300 ng.kg-1.min-1, did not alter heart rate and increased arterial pressure 9 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Both ic and ivt PGE2 increased packed cell volume 3% (P less than 0.01). Neither ic nor ivt PGE2 caused changes in plasma concentrations of epinephrine or norepinephrine. Despite ivt PGE2S less potent hemodynamic effects, ivt administration of PGE2 decreased plasma osmolality 2 mosmol/kg (P less than 0.05) and sodium concentration 2 meq/l (P less than 0.01) and increased plasma vasopressin concentration 2.5-fold (P less than 0.05). Intracerebroventricular PGE2 also caused some physical and behavioral changes that were not observed during ic PGE2 administration or during ivt infusion of vehicle. These changes included pupillary constriction, vocalization, and coughing. We conclude that PGE2 given ivt may not reach the same sites in the brain as does ic PGE2 or that ivt PGE2 may reach the same sites in different concentrations.
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PMID:Comparison of intracerebroventricular and intracarotid infusions of PGE2 in conscious sheep. 292 57

Thyroid tumors were diagnosed in 26 dogs between 1977 and 1984. A total of 23 of the 26 tumors were carcinomas, and 3, detected as incidental findings at necropsy, were adenomas. The median patient age was 9.5 years. Dogs of the Beagle breed were affected most commonly (5 dogs). The most common physical abnormalities in carcinoma patients were cervical swelling, dyspnea, and coughing. A total of 25 of 26 dogs were clinically euthyroid. Aspiration cytology provided diagnostic information in 8 of 17 cases. In dogs with thyroid carcinoma, a cervical soft tissue lesion was identified consistently by use of radiography and scintigraphy with sodium pertechnetate. Pulmonary metastases were detected radiographically in 8 of 21 dogs with thyroid carcinoma. Thoracic nuclear imaging confirmed the radiographic findings in 11 of 14 dogs. Surgical excision of the thyroid mass was the primary treatment for 17 dogs with carcinoma. Eight dogs died within 2 years (median, 7 months) of surgery because of primary tumor regrowth or metastases. Four dogs were alive at a range of 3 to 48 months after surgery, and 4 dogs died from unrelated causes. Necropsy of 7 dogs with thyroid carcinoma revealed neoplastic infiltration of the cervical blood vessels and pulmonary metastases in each dog. The most common histologic patterns of thyroid carcinoma were solid or compact cellular (11 dogs) and mixed solid-follicular tumors (8 dogs). Dogs with a solid carcinoma had a median survival time of 10.5 months (6 dogs), and dogs with a mixed solid-follicular tumor had a median survival time of 8 months (3 dogs).
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic features of thyroid tumors in 26 dogs. 301 18

Fifty-one patients (22 male, 29 female) aged 22-60 years (mean age 41.2 years), predominantly extrinsic asthmatics, took part in this study, a follow-up to a 28-day, double-blind trial (Lal et al., Thorax 1984: 39: 809). Forty-four patients completed 12 months of treatment after a 4-week baseline; seven withdrew. A number of symptoms (e.g. coughing, wheezing, sore throat) were reported but none appeared particularly frequently; most were attributable to the technique of inhalation. After 4 weeks of treatment with nedocromil sodium (Tilade 4 mg q.i.d.), patients were encouraged to reduce use of inhaled corticosteroids (48 patients) and sodium cromoglycate (16). Inhaled bronchodilators were to be used as required and other medication was to continue as before. At the end of the study, 28 patients had stopped using inhaled steroids and 10 had significantly reduced the dosage (p less than 0.001, week 5 to end). Ten patients had stopped using sodium cromoglycate. Inhaled bronchodilator use was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001, weeks 1-8; p less than 0.05, weeks 9-12) early in the study but returned to baseline as inhaled steroid usage was reduced. Diary card assessments of wheezing and shortness of breath showed significant improvement, particularly in the early part of the study. Diary card PEFRs showed no marked changes but significant decreases, though small, were found in FEV1, FVC and PEFR on clinic visits. Clinical assessment showed improvement in the first half of the study; the differences were less marked as inhaled steroid usage declined. Final opinions of treatment effectiveness significantly favoured nedocromil sodium. This study demonstrates the acceptability, tolerability and safety of nedocromil sodium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An open assessment study of the acceptability, tolerability and safety of nedocromil sodium in long-term clinical use in patients with perennial asthma. 302 87

Coadministration of captopril has been shown to increase serum digoxin concentration. The effects of ramipril, a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on serum digoxin concentration after multiple dosing were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. All subjects were receiving steady-state digoxin medication (0.5 mg daily), and ramipril (5 mg daily) was coadministered for 14 days. Serum digoxin concentration was measured repeatedly before, during and up to 1 week after ramipril coadministration at 8 a.m. (trough values) and on selected trial days at 11 a.m., 3 hours after the morning medication. Simultaneously, blood levels of ramipril and its active metabolite diacid were determined. Volunteers were followed closely for side effects and for changes in blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram. Safety pharmacology included serial determination of sodium, potassium, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine and a full blood count. Mean serum digoxin concentration was not significantly influenced by ramipril coadministration with trough levels of 0.90 +/- 0.24 before, 0.93 +/- 0.38 during and 0.82 +/- 0.33 ng/ml after ramipril medication. The increase in serum digoxin concentration 3 hours after the morning dose was also not significantly affected by ramipril. Serum levels of ramipril and its diacid showed a wide range of variation. Mean serum potassium increased by 0.3 mmol/liter during ramipril coadministration with development of symptomless hyperkalemia (6.0 mmol/liter) in 1 subject. The only other side effect possibly related to ramipril was a dry cough in 1 subject. Both drugs were well tolerated. Ramipril showed no significant influence on serum digoxin levels in healthy volunteers.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic interaction study with ramipril and digoxin in healthy volunteers. 303 35

The early recognition and appropriate management of EIB can allow children and adolescents to participate fully in physical activities and sport. The diagnosis by history of chest congestion, coughing, and decreasing performance with exercise is helpful but is aided by a more systematic questionnaire that can detect otherwise "normal" people with EIB. The diagnosis is documented by performance of an exercise challenge test such as a treadmill or cycloergometer to verify bronchospasm induced by exercise. The management can be accomplished by nonpharmacologic means such as an early vigorous warm-up, the use of a mask for rebreathing warmed air, and participation in a physical training program to increase anaerobic fitness. Pharmacologic management includes the appropriate use of cromolyn sodium, beta-adrenergic agonists, theophylline, ipratromium bromide, and calcium channel blocking agents. In addition, the antihistamine, terfenadine, can be used to block EIB effectively. These pharmacologic agents can be utilized in both national and international competition when approved by the appropriate national governing body or the U.S. Olympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee.
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PMID:Exercise-induced bronchospasm in children and adolescents. 305 Aug 31

The early recognition and appropriate management of EIB can allow children and adolescents to fully participate in physical activities and sports. The diagnosis by history of chest congestion, coughing, and decreasing performance with exercise is helpful but is aided by a more systematic questionnaire that can detect otherwise "normal" people with EIB. The diagnosis is documented by performance of an exercise challenge test such as a treadmill or cycloergometer to verify bronchospasm induced by exercise. The management can be accomplished by nonpharmacologic means such as an early vigorous warmup, the use of a mask for rebreathing warmed air, and participation in a physical training program to increase anaerobic fitness. Pharmacologic management includes the appropriate use of cromolyn sodium, beta adrenergic agonists, theophylline, ipratroprium bromide, and calcium channel blocking agents. In addition the antihistamine, terfenadine, can also be utilized to effectively block exercise-induced bronchospasm. These pharmacologic agents can be utilized in both national and international competition when approved by the appropriate national governing body and/or the US Olympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee.
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PMID:Exercise-induced bronchospasm in clinical practice. 307 64

The efficacy of nebulised sodium cromoglycate (SCG) used as a prophylactic treatment of wheezy bronchitis in children aged 1 to 4 years was evaluated in a multicentre double-blind placebo controlled, group comparative study. Fifty-four patients completed the 10-week trial (29 treated with SCG and 25 treated with placebo), preceded by 4-8 weeks baseline. Nebulised SCG did not prove significantly superior to placebo in reducing day wheezing, day coughing, or sleep disturbance due to wheezing or coughing at night. Neither was there significant difference in the use of supportive medicine (beta 2-agonist and theophylline) between the groups. Extra doctor visits, hospital admissions, and parental preference did not show significant difference either.
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PMID:Nebulised sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of wheezy bronchitis. A multicentre double-blind placebo controlled study. 309 89

A 3 1/2 year old girl presented with failure to thrive and a five month history of diarrhoea and recurrent cough. The results of sweat sodium tests suggested a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis; but atypical organisms were found (Haemophilus influenzae, Candida albicans, but no Staphylococcus aureus), she failed to respond to treatment, and her sweat sodium concentrations fell in response to fludrocortisone. She also had hyperglobulinaemia, neutropenia, and reduced numbers of T4 lymphocytes, which prompted the performance of a test for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This proved positive, and she was treated with co-trimoxazole, zidovudine, and human immunoglobulin. Both parents and two siblings were also positive for HIV, though all had normal sweat sodium concentrations. Children with symptoms suggestive of cystic fibrosis but who also show atypical features, as in this case, should have their HIV state checked.
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PMID:Abnormal sweat electrolytes in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection in a child. 312 Oct 56

The efficacy and safety of cromolyn sodium by metered-dose inhaler (MDI) (1 mg per actuation) was evaluated with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-study design. Subjects with asthma, aged 8 to 58 years, whose asthma was well controlled taking cromolyn sodium capsules by Spinhaler turboinhaler, plus beta 2-agonists, entered the study after being maintained with cromolyn sodium capsules for a minimum of 4 weeks. The investigation began with a 2-week control interval with cromolyn sodium capsules followed by a 4-week single-blind period with placebo capsules. Subjects whose asthma significantly worsened while they were receiving placebo therapy were then randomized to a 10-week double-blind phase in which they received either active cromolyn sodium or placebo by MDI. Efficacy variables included diary data, physician evaluation, and spirometry. Comparisons were made between baseline period scores and each assessment variable over time. Of 155 subjects entered, 93 qualified for the double-blind, randomized phase. Eighty-three subjects completed the study and were analyzed. At baseline there existed no significant differences between the active-treatment and placebo-treatment groups. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in favor of the cromolyn sodium-treatment group, however, were noted at all time points for daily diary symptoms (cough, breathlessness, and overall asthma severity), physician's assessments at each clinic visit, physician's and patient's overall final assessments, FEV1 at each clinic visit, and FVC and peak expiratory flow rate at the final visit. Concomitant bronchodilator medication use was less in the cromolyn sodium-treatment group. Cromolyn sodium by MDI is highly effective for (1) controlling asthmatic symptoms, (2) improving lung functions, and (3) decreasing the need for concomitant bronchodilators.
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PMID:A multicenter evaluation of the clinical benefits of cromolyn sodium aerosol by metered-dose inhaler in the treatment of asthma. 312 89


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