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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two studies were conducted at an aluminum smelter employing 113 male workers in the smelting process. Twenty one of the 111 men in the first study experienced chest tightness more often than once a week and had a higher prevalence of cough, dyspnoea, and nasal symptoms but not of positive skin test responses than symptomless men. Lung function in these men did not differ significantly from that in the symptomless men at the beginning of the working week and only marginal deterioration occurred over the week. In the second study serial spirometric measurements were obtained over several shifts in a subset of 31 men from the first study. Impairment of ventilatory function on exposure to smelting fumes was demonstrated in 18 men. Analysis of all data from the 31 subjects revealed that ventilatory function varied significantly in association with heavy exposure to potfumes and a history of recurrent chest tightness. The findings of these two studies indicate that aluminum smelting fumes can cause bronchoconstriction in susceptible individuals. The reaction is dose dependent and is more severe in those with a history of recurrent chest tightness.
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PMID:Pulmonary function in aluminium smelters. 649 42

A health survey was carried out on all white males in an aluminum smelter in British Columbia. The survey consisted of a medical-occupational questionnaire, spirometry, chest radiography, and environmental monitoring. We have compared the results of a respiratory survey in 713 workers in the office and casting department with no significant exposure to air contaminants (control workers) with those of 797 potroom workers: 495 who spent more than 50% of their working time in the potroom (high exposure) and 302 workers who spent less than 50% of their working time in the potroom (medium exposure). Potroom workers (high) had a significantly greater prevalence of cough and wheeze than did those in the control group, and they had significantly lower mean forced expiratory volume in one second and maximal midexpiratory flow rate than did those in the control group after adjustment had been made for differences in age, height, and smoking habits. Potroom workers (medium) had a slightly greater prevalence of respiratory symptoms and lower lung function than did workers in the control group, but the differences were not significant. We were unable to demonstrate potroom asthma. The levels of total fluoride, gaseous fluoride, particulate fluoride, sulphur dioxide, and total particulates found in the potroom at the time of the study were below the currently accepted threshold limit values, but the levels of benzo-alpha-pyrene were high.
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PMID:Epidemiologic health study of workers in an aluminum smelter in British Columbia. Effects on the respiratory system. 683 51

The amount of water supply in Japan was 16 billion ton as of 1989. Water from rivers and other sources is purified, sterilized and then supplied to the residents through conduits. When conduits are accidentally damaged, they must be repaired by the workers of the Waterworks Bureau of the local government. In this task, the workers are exposed to airborne dust which develops while digging and filling the ground and cutting the conduit and the concrete covering the road. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the airborne dust exposure level among the workers and to investigate its effect on their respiratory organs. First, we measured the total dust exposure concentration of 20 conduit repair workers and the total dust concentration in 10 office rooms. Second, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the employees of 119 Waterworks Bureaus. The subjects of the analysis were 322 conduit repair workers and as their controls 345 clerical/engineering workers. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The average daily total dust exposure while repairing conduits ranged from 0.27 to 5.05 mg/m3 (mean = 0.91 mg/m3), while that while exchanging water meters from 0.23 to 0.52 mg/m3 (mean 0.41 mg/m3). These values were 4.6 and 2.1 fold higher than the total dust concentration in office rooms (mean = 0.20 mg/m3). 2) With the use of fluorescent X-ray method, iron and aluminum were detected in all samples collected while repairing conduits and the intensity of X-ray increased with increase in weight of collected dust. Iron exposure concentration ranged from 0.006 to 0.095 mg/m3, which is much higher than the levels in the air in urban areas. Iron and aluminum could not be detected by fluorescent X-ray method in most of the samples collected in office rooms. These findings indicate that the main element in the dust collected while repairing conduits is soil, while that in office rooms is tobacco smoke. 3) Among the smokers, the prevalence of cough and phlegm was significantly higher in conduit repair workers than in clerical/engineering workers. A similar tendency was observed among ex-smokers and non-smokers, but the difference was not significant.
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PMID:[Occupational dust exposure and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among conduit repair workers]. 827 93

An unexpected mortality of more than 300 cattle was investigated near a metal recovery factory located in a rural area of the Thane district of India. The factory was engaged in reclaiming lead, aluminum, tin, and zinc from discarded lead storage batteries and soft drink cans. The environmental samples (soil, leaves, grass, slag, water, and sediment), human blood and hair and animal samples (blood, urine, peritoneal fluid, liver, kidney, cow dung, ribs, and femur), collected for analysis revealed toxic levels of lead, cadmium, and chromium. Clinical examination of factory workers and school children revealed cough, fever, gastric problems, abdominal pain, skin lesions (scabies), and blue line on gums. Histopathological examination of animal tissues revealed chronic pathology with lead inclusion bodies in hepatocytes and renal tubules. Based on environmental, clinical, analytical, and histopathological observations, the mortality has been attributed to toxic levels of metals in the body and the malnourished status of the animals.
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PMID:Cattle mortality in the Thane district, India: a study of cause/effect relationships. 859 87

The short-term association of particulate air pollution with peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and respiratory symptoms was examined. Forty-nine children with chronic respiratory symptoms aged 8-13 yrs were followed daily for six weeks in spring, 1995, in Kuopio, Finland. Daily concentrations of particulate material with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm and < or = 2.5 microm (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively), black carbon, and the number concentrations of particles from 0.01-10 microm diameter were measured. During the study period, PM10 were mainly resuspended soil and street dust, and the concentration was estimated using aluminum content of PM10 samples. No consistent effect of particles was found as the associations varied by lag. Of the lags examined, only 1-day lagged PM2.5 was statistically significantly associated with morning PEF (beta=-1.06, SE=0.52 (per interquartile increase in pollutant)). Evening PEF was significantly associated with the 1-day lagged number of particles in the size range 0.1-1.0 microm (beta=-1.56, SE=0.72). One-day lagged PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5 and resuspended PM10, and 4-day average of PM2.5 were significantly associated with increased risk of cough. Given the short duration of the study, separating the effects of different types of particles was difficult. The present study demonstrates the highly variable size and number distribution and chemical composition of particles in Finland, and underlines the importance of measuring the size and chemical composition of particles to determine which types of particles are associated with health effects.
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PMID:Fine particulate air pollution, resuspended road dust and respiratory health among symptomatic children. 1006 66

The method of endobronchial laser therapy with the use of photosensitiser-photosense (phthalocyanine aluminum)--was used since 1998 for the first time in faculty surgical clinic, as preoperative preparation in 36 patients with surgical diseases of the lungs (malignant and benign tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases). The method aimed at elimination of postoperative pyogenous complications and improvement of the respiratory system functional. The method consists in introduction into the organism by various ways the photosensitizing preparation photosence, followed by irradiation of the right and left parts of bronchial tree by low intensity laser light, (wave length 675 mm) through dispersing light guide, introduced through the flexible bronchoscope to the areas of the ostia of the lobar bronchi. 3 ways of introduction of the photosensitizer were used: endobronchial (9 patients); aerosol (22 patients); combination of the endobronchial lavage and intravenous injection (5 patients). The duration of the procedure of irradiation made up 5 min. at each side of the bronchial tree, the power density being 85 mV/cm2. The procedure was repeated twice for 2 days. The following results were obtained: antibacterial effect; reduction of endoscopic and morphological features of inflammation of the bronchial mucosa; stimulation of local immunity; decrease of the tumor aggression (according to histological examination); the appearance of the tumor destruction areas; lavering of Ki-67 and bcl-2, increase of c-bax; the improvement of the respiratory system functional; positive dynamics of clinical status (a decrease of cough, dispnea, quantity of mucus discharge and haemoptysis). The perspectiveness of the method is stressed as a preoperative preparation in patients with surgical diseases of the lungs.
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PMID:[Endobronchial laser therapy in complex preoperative preparation of patients with lung diseases]. 1071 Sep 18

Endoscopic neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser treatment for endobronchial obstruction originating from the tumor provides a favorable outcome. A 67-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of cough and sputum had a primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) in the upper lobe of the right lung. The tumor projected into the right main bronchus through the upper lobe bronchus, which completely occluded the lumen of right main bronchus. Middle and lower lobes showed an obstructive pneumonia caused by its obstruction. Firstly, endoscopic Nd-YAG laser treatment for patency of right main bronchus was preoperatively performed with an aim to early improvement of obstructive pneumonia Since the inflammatory findings showed markedly improvement, a right upper sleeve lobectomy could safely be performed. The resected specimen of the tumor in the right upper lobe proved to be a case of complete resection with pathological stage IIIA (T3N1M0). When preoperative lung cancer patient has an obstructive pneumonia causing by the protruding tumor into the central airway, a patency treatment of bronchial airway using endoscopic Nd-YAG laser may lead to decrease a perioperative risk.
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PMID:[Primary lung cancer protruding into right main bronchus, successfully treated with endoscopic neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser]. 1967 Jul 84

Aluminium phosphide ingestion is the most common agricultural poisoning in suburban and rural India and with a high mortality rate. Among survivors of acute poisoning there are recent sporadic reports of esophageal complications such as esophageal strictures and tracheo-esophageal fistula. The present study was carried out to determine the incidence, natural history, and treatment outcome of local esophageal complications in survivors of aluminium phosphide poisoning with complaints of dysphagia. All confirmed cases of poisoning with aluminium phosphide ingestion were admitted in Hamidia Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, from October 2007 to October 2008. Survivors with complaints of dysphagia underwent a barium study and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to determine site and nature of esophageal complications. All cases of strictures were treated with fluoroscopy-guided Savary-Gilliard bougie dilation, and patients with tracheo-esophageal fistula underwent surgery. Of 104 confirmed cases, 31 survived. Ten survivors with dysphagia were found to have single short-segment esophageal stricture and two patients with odynophagia and swallow-cough sequence had tracheo-esophageal fistula. All cases of esophageal strictures responded successfully to Savary-Gilliard dilation in six to ten sessions without any major complications. Patients with tracheo-esophageal fistula were treated successfully via surgery. Nearly one-third of survivors of aluminium phosphide ingestion developed esophageal complications. Hence, we conclude that all survivors of aluminium phosphide poisoning must undergo barium swallow and endoscopic examination for early detection of esophageal complications. Prevention of esophageal complications after aluminium phosphide ingestion needs to be given adequate attention because tracheo-esophageal fistula and esophageal stricture are associated with high morbidity. When one finds esophageal stricture or fistula, the possibility of aluminium phosphide ingestion should always be considered.
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PMID:Esophageal complications following aluminium phosphide ingestion: an emerging issue among survivors of poisoning. 1972 54

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is a rare condition that combines tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) and severe tracheobronchomalacia. Symptoms can be severe with recurrent bronchopulmonary infections and cough-induced syncope. Therapeutic management is non-specific and limited to chest physiotherapy and antibiotics during infectious exacerbations. We report a case of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome that was successfully managed by treating the posterior collapse of the central airway with yttrium aluminum pevroskyte laser. Endoscopic aspects, respiratory symptoms, and lung function tests all improved and remained stable with a follow-up of 8 years. Laser, at low power settings, could be a new therapeutic option in selected cases of tracheobronchomalacia.
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PMID:Endoscopic successful management of tracheobronchomalacia with laser: apropos of a Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. 2138 25

Although endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, most patients with endobronchial hamartoma have respiratory symptoms such as obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, cough, or dyspnea due to bronchial obstruction. It can cause irreversible post-obstructive pulmonary destruction, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important. Recently, there have been cases of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and electrocautery procedures for bronchoscopic treatment of malignant or benign central airway obstruction with comparable therapeutic efficacy and few complications. Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is a newly developed technique for management of central airway obstruction. Moreover, it provides diagnostic methods with improving diagnostic yield and safety. We report two cases of endobronchial hamartoma, each diagnosed and definitively treated with bronchoscopic techniques. Endobronchial biopsy and removal was successfully performed by cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy without notable complications. Follow-up bronchoscopic examinations excluded residual or recurrent disease.
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PMID:Two Cases of Diagnosis and Removal of Endobronchial Hamartoma by Cryotherapy via Flexible Bronchoscopy. 2473 3


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