Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the clinical characteristics of pneumonitis induced by Sho-saiko-to (SST). Of 94 cases reported to a drug maker, 72 were judged to be SST-induced pneumonitis (52 men and 20 women, mean age 63.7 years). Most patients took SST for chronic liver diseases due to infection with the hepatitis C virus. The mean duration of SST therapy before the onset of pneumonitis was 50.2 +/- 42.1 days. Most patients presented with coughing, dyspnea, and fever of acute onset. Chest X-ray films showed diffuse ground-glass shadows and infiltration. Abnormally high levels of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase were common, as was hypoxia. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed abnormally high percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils and a low CD4/CD8 ratio. Although 64 of 72 patients survived after cessation of SST only or steroid therapy, 8 died of respiratory failure despite high-dose steroid therapy. Compared with patients who survived those who died were more likely to have an underlying lung disease, had been taking SST longer after the onset of pneumonitis, and had more severe hypoxemia.
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PMID:[Pneumonitis induced by the herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to in Japan]. 921 62

We report five cases of pneumonitis induced by sho-saiko-to. The patients complained of coughing (4/5), dyspnea (4/5), and pyrexia (3/5). The duration of sho-saiko-to treatment ranged from 4 to 1155 days. Abnormal laboratory findings included high levels of C-reactive protein (4/5), leucocytosis (4/5), severe hypoxemia (4/5), low vital capacity (3/5), and low diffusing capacity (5/5). Chest X-ray and CT films revealed diffuse reticulonodular or ground-glass shadows in both lung fields (4/5). Bronchoalveolar lavage was done in three cases, and revealed lymphocytosis in two cases and abnormally low CD4/8 ratios in three cases. The results of lymphocyte stimulation tests against sho-saiko-to and its component were positive in 3 of 5 cases. After discontinuation of sho-saiko-to, corticosteroids were given in all cases. Symptoms were relieved, and laboratory data and chest X-ray findings returned forward normal. Sho-saiko-to toxicity should be included in the differential diagnosis of pneumonitis. If drug-induced pneumonitis is suspected, administration of sho-saiko-to should be stopped and corticosteroid therapy should be given immediately.
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PMID:[Five cases of pneumonitis induced by sho-saiko-to]. 923 26

We encountered two patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis that developed in Nagano Prefecture. Patient 1 was a 61-year-old man who had worked in warm and humid environments as painter. He was referred to our hospital because of fever, coughing and exertional dyspnea. Respiratory symptoms developed during work but were gone within in few weeks. Patient 2 was a 50-year-old housewife who was admitted to our hospital because of persistent coughing and a low-grade fever. In both patients, chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms showed bilateral, small, nodular and reticular shadows. Examination of a specimen obtained from patient 2 by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis. In both patients, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had low CD4/8 ratios, but in patient 1 the lymphocyte fraction was high and in patient 2 the neutrophil fraction was high. A steroid drug was given to patient 1 because of the patients symptoms and prolonged abnormal roentgenographic findings. Patient 2 reacted positively on a provocation test when returned to her house. Serum from both patients contained antibodies to Trichosporon mucoides and T. asahii. We know of no previous reports of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis that developed in Nagano prefecture.
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PMID:[Two patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Nagano Prefecture]. 936 71

The published reports of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with disseminated histoplasmosis come mostly from institutions located in endemic areas for histoplasmosis, where disease is thought to occur by either primary infection or reactivation. The characteristics of reactivation disease are not well delineated. We describe the clinical features of reactivation disseminated histoplasmosis in 46 residents of San Francisco, California, with AIDS who did not report recent travel to an area endemic for histoplasmosis. Patients presented with illness lasting days to months, manifested most frequently by fever, chills, sweats, cough or dyspnea, gastrointestinal complaints, malaise, and weight loss. Physical examination and imaging studies were notable for hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, or abnormal pulmonary findings in more than half of patients. Laboratory studies revealed a high rate of cytopenia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, abnormal liver function test values, respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia, and a median CD4 lymphocyte count of 36 x 10(9) per liter. The clinical presentation of reactivation disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS living in San Francisco is similar to that of disseminated histoplasmosis reported in patients with AIDS living in endemic areas. Reactivation disseminated histoplasmosis should be considered in any AIDS patient with a low CD4 lymphocyte count, a febrile illness, and a history of travel or residence in an endemic area.
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PMID:AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis in San Francisco, California. 939 79

Little is known of the inflammatory characteristics of acute infections of the respiratory tract caused by virus and unusual bacteria such as Chlamydia pneumoniae. A case is reported in whom inflammatory indices in sputum were used to investigate, for the first time, the airway inflammation during an episode of acute bronchitis caused by C pneumoniae. The patient presented with a dry cough of five days duration. C pneumoniae was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a nasopharyngeal swab collected on day 5. Virological studies were negative. Clinical and inflammatory indices in induced sputum were measured on days 6, 8, and 11. The cough cleared spontaneously by day 11. Forced expiratory volume in one second was normal throughout. Sputum findings identified intense airway inflammation characterised by increased total cell and lymphocyte counts followed by an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio, activation of CD8 lymphocytes, and exudation as indicated by an increase in fluid phase fibrinogen. These observations suggest that sputum might be useful to monitor an inflammatory/immune response of the airway in acute infections.
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PMID:Markers of inflammation in induced sputum in acute bronchitis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. 940 85

An 84-year-old man was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital with fever, cough, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea. He had complained of wheezing asthmatoid and exertional dyspnea for the previous 10 years, regardless of the season. On admission, chest radiographs revealed a diffuse ground-glass shadow, fibrotic change, and volume reduction. Arterial blood gas analysis showed extreme hypoxemia. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest showed not only faint ground-glass opacities and dense patches in the whole lung field, but also central bronchiectasis. Laboratory tests revealed that both total serum levels of IgE and specific IgE for Candida albicans were elevated. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil percentages were high, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was low. We diagnosed the fibrotic stage of allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis. During treatment with hydrocortisone and fluconazole, eosinophilia in the peripheral blood was observed, and serum candida antigen was positive. In addition, high serum levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptors were observed in this patient.
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PMID:[A patient with allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis showing a high serum level of soluble interleukin 2 receptors]. 949 58

A 51-year-old woman was admitted with fever, cough and dyspnea. She had been taking Sairei-to, a traditional Chinese medicine, for 2 months. On admission, chest X-ray revealed a ground-glass appearance in the lung fields bilaterally and serum LDH was elevated. A differential cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed that lymphocytes were increased, with a decreased ratio of CD4/CD8 cells. A lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) for Sairei-to using the lymphocytes in BALF was a positive, although a test of peripheral blood was negative. Sairei-to-induced pneumonitis was diagnosed based on the clinical course, laboratory findings, BALF cell analysis and LST of BALF. Only 4 cases of pneumonitis due to Sairei-to have been reported. This case suggests that LST of BALF is useful for diagnosing drug-induced pneumonitis.
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PMID:[A case of Sairei-to-induced pneumonitis diagnosed by lymphocyte stimulation test of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]. 956 79

We describe the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of non-specific interstitial pneumonia associated with psoriasis vulgaris and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). A 50-year-old woman was admitted with a dry cough and a bilateral basilar reticulonodular shadows on chest X-ray. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed lymphocytosis and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. A thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimen showed evidence of non-specific interstitial pneumonia. During her clinical course, she began suffering from psoriasis vulgaris and polymyalgia rheumatica. Corticosteroid therapy had no effect, but maintained a stable condition during a follow-up period of 4 years.
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PMID:[A case of non-specific interstitial pneumonia associated with psoriasis vulgaris and polymyalgia rheumatica]. 956 88

The prevalence of mycobacterial infection in AIDS patients has increased in Japan. This report describes details of the clinical and radiological features of eight AIDS patients with mycobacterial disease (6 with M. tuberculosis infection and 2 with M. kansasii infection) in our hospital during the period from October 1995 through February 1997. Six of the 8 were men, and two were women. The mean age was 36.5 years. Six were Japanese, one was from Myanmar, and one was Malaysian. The median CD4 positive T lymphocyte counts (CD4 count) at the time of diagnosis of the M. tuberculosis was 75.5 (range 14-569/microliter, and the M. kansasii was 21.5 (range 19-24)/microliter. Clinical findings and symptoms of all patients were non-specific, but almost all patients had a cough and fever. In the radiographic findings, the patients of the M. tuberculosis group presented multiple hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, miliary shadow, and obstructive pneumonia. Both M. kansasii patients showed a multiple infiltration shadow. There were no drug resistant strains in M. tuberculosis except on isolate with moderate resistant. to Streptomycin. These observations suggest that AIDS-associated mycobacterial disease shows atypical clinical and radiological features in some cases, especially in advanced stages of AIDS. Therefore, we need to recognize the characteristics of the clinical and radiological features of the patients with mycobacterial diseases and AIDS.
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PMID:[Mycobacterial lung infection in 8 patients with AIDS: clinical and radiological features]. 958 97

We describe a rare case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with multiple cavitation and pneumothorax. A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a dry cough and an interstitial shadow with dense infiltrates in both upper lungs and cavitation in the right upper lung on chest roentgenogram and CT. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated level of serum lysozyme. BAL fluid demonstrated a high proportion of lymphocytes with an increased CD4/CD8 ratio, compatible with sarcoidosis. Transbronchial lung and skin biopsies showed evidence of noncaseating epithelioid-cell granuloma, and a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Although pneumothorax appeared in the left lung on chest roentgenogram during clinical observation conservative treatment without corticosteroids or any other therapy for a follow-up period of 3 years resulted in improvement of her clinical condition and abnormal X-ray findings.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with multiple cavitation and pneumothorax]. 961 50


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