Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report from South India, 15 patients with primary pleural mesothelioma have been diagnosed in the 25-year period 1, April 1966 through 31, March 1991, representing 0.02% of 76,239 biopsies received. The patients were mainly male with a mean age of 46.5 years. All except two had lived in urban Bangalore. None had been exposed to asbestos. The presentation clinically was peculiar, being continuous pricking pain, breathlessness, and cough with sputum. Physical and roentgenogram examination showed massive pleural effusion with irregular pleural thickening. Thoracotomy findings showed a distinct sessile nodularity with many slit-like spaces. Histologically, 14 were epithelial type mesotheliomas and 1 was a sarcomatous type. While the epithelial type neoplasms showed patchy squamoid differentiation, all showed mucin production. The CEA was always observed in areas of moderate differentiation. Spread occurred centrifugally to local structures on the same side as the lesion.
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PMID:Primary pleural mesotheliomas in south India: a 25-year study. 154 93

Adenocarcinomas of or in lung that clinically and pathologically mimic diffuse pleural mesotheliomas are rare. We reviewed selected clinical and pathologic features of 15 autopsy/surgical cases previously reported in the medical literature and of 15 additional cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Ninety percent of the patients were men. The median age was 61 years. Sixty-three percent of the patients smoked, 17% of them had possible or definite occupational exposure to asbestos, and one patient had microscopically proven asbestosis. Most patients had chest pain, shortness of breath, or cough, and had unilateral pleural effusion in the chest x-ray. At thoracotomy or at autopsy, numerous nodules, plaques, or a continuous rind of tumor was present over the pleural surface. Microscopically, the tumors showed simplified glands, nests, cords, papillary, tubulopapillary or biphasic patterns of growth. The neoplasms contained mucin that stained with diastase-predigested periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), mucicarmine, and alcian blue (with or without hyaluronidase predigestion). All patients died with/of tumor, with a mean survival of 4.7 months for those reported in the medical literature and of 7 months for those in the AFIP files. These adenocarcinomas therefore mimic pleural mesothelioma not only in their clinical and gross and microscopic appearance, but also in their prognosis.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma: a reappraisal. 160 54

Prolonged exposure of dogs to high concentrations of SO2 gas results in a syndrome with many of the characteristics of human chronic bronchitis, including cough and chronic mucous hypersecretion as well as airway obstruction. We developed and used a novel monoclonal antibody, GB-4B, raised against epithelial glycoprotein isolated from human hypersecretory mucus to probe airway lavage samples from dogs before and during prolonged exposure to SO2 gas. There were relatively low mean titers of the epitope recognized by GB-4B in airway lavage fluid as evidenced by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before exposure to SO2 gas. After 25 to 50 wk of SO2 exposure, the dogs showed a significant increase in pulmonary resistance and there was a significant increase in the titer of the epitope in the airway lavage fluid. Using the same antibody immunohistochemical analysis of airway tissues from SO2-exposed dogs revealed patchy staining of the mucous glands and airway secretory cells and dense staining along the airway surface; airway tissue from control dogs and one SO2-exposed dog whose lavage fluid did not contain the epitope showed little or no staining. These data demonstrate that similar mucin epitopes appear in airway lavage fluid under hypersecretory conditions in both animals and humans. The epitope may have utility as a marker of chronic mucous hypersecretion.
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PMID:Recovery of an epitope recognized by a novel monoclonal antibody from airway lavage during experimental induction of chronic bronchitis. 169 18

A 85-year-old woman with a mucin-producing pancreatic cancer is reported. The patient, who had been diabetic for 2 years, was admitted in March of 1984 to our hospital because of a fever and cough. On admission, a hard tumor was found on the right hypochondric region. Ultrasonogram and computed tomography revealed a cystic pancreas head tumor containing mucin and a dilated pancreatic duct. During an ERCP examination, Vater's papilla was found to be enlarged and a biopsy showed papillary adenocarcinoma. Also, the levels of CEA and CA 19-9 were elevated 11.3 ng/ml and 1300 U/ml, respectively. On Feb. 13, 1985, she died due to panperitonitis that resulted from a perforated duodenal ulcer. Microscopic examination of the pancreas showed a papillary adenocarcinoma producing mucin, a dilated pancreatic duct and atrophy of the islets. No metastatic lesion was found. The pathogenesis and the clinical characteristics of the mucin-producing pancreatic cancer are discussed.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of mucin-producing pancreatic cancer]. 303 96

An autopsy case of bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma in the lung is reported. The patient is a 70-year-old male who complained of severe cough with 500-600 ml watery sputum a day, loss of weight. and general fatigue. Autopsy revealed numerous whitish tumors in various sizes with multiple cysts in both lungs, with no metastasis being found in any other organs. Histological findings identified the tumor as a bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma originating from the lungs. Electron-microscopic findings showed that the tumor cells were covered by prominent microvilli, and contained abundant irregularly-shaped cytoplasmic vacuoles suggestive of mucin.
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PMID:Bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma with multiple cysts. 628 99

Four cases are described of a distinctive morphologic variant of thymic carcinoid that was characterized by abundant stromal mucin admixed with the neuroendocrine elements resulting in a histologic picture reminiscent of metastatic mucin-secreting carcinoma. The patients were three men and a woman, aged 22 to 43 years. The tumors presented with symptoms of chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea and were described as large anterior mediastinal masses on chest radiographs and computerized scans. Histologically, all cases showed nests and strands of tumor cells embedded in an abundant lightly eosinophilic, mucinous stroma with small cellular clusters as well as scattered single tumor cells seen floating in the mucin. The mucinous matrix was negative for periodic acid Schiff's and mucicarmine stains; alcian blue stains at pH 2.5 showed strong positivity of the mucinous material; this reaction was abolished by treatment with hyaluronidase, indicating the presence of nonepithelial stromal mucosubstances. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong positivity of the tumor cells with CAM 5.2, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and negative staining with carcinoembyronic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. Electron microscopy done in one case showed abundant dense-core cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules; there was no evidence of glandular secretory activity by the tumor cells. The tumors in two patients behaved in a highly aggressive fashion, with invasion of the chest wall, recurrence, and metastases to the lungs, pleura, and axillary, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Thymic carcinoid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal neoplasms displaying prominent mucinous features. Application of immunostains and electron microscopy will be of value for establishing the correct diagnosis in this setting.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoid with prominent mucinous stroma. Report of a distinctive morphologic variant of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm. 757 90

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis can be recognized clinically by (1) increased cough and dyspnea, (2) a change in character of sputum, and (3) an increase in quantity of sputum. Routine chest radiographs are probably not warranted in initial evaluation. Therapy is aimed at control of inflammation, infection, bronchoconstriction, and mucin production. Corticosteroids improve flow rates in patient with respiratory insufficiency. Antibiotic therapy appears to decrease hospital stay and improve flow rates in patients with bacterial infection, as determined by sputum examination or the presence of two of the following symptoms: increased dyspnea, increased sputum production, purulent sputum. Gram's stain of expectorated sputum often allows targeted and cost-effective therapy. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is the bronchodilator of choice; concomitant use of beta agonists has additional benefit. Research on future therapy may focus on the role of corticosteroids, mucolytic agents, and drugs that counteract the effects of neutrophil elastase. Smoking cessation is the first step in prevention. Antibiotic prophylaxis is warranted only in patients with four or more exacerbations per year. Pneumoccoccal and influenza vaccinations are effective and safe; unfortunately, they are underutilized at present.
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PMID:Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: focusing management for optimum results. 860 17

We report a 67-year-old man who developed pulmonary hypertension as an initial clinical manifestation of occult gallbladder adenocarcinoma. He had a 6-week history of persistent dry cough followed by progressive dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination and chest roentgenogram revealed signs of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. He died of shock 1 h after pulmonary angiography, which failed to show any intravascular filling defects. Autopsy disclosed a mucin-producing small adenocarcinoma (2 cm diameter) and a gallstone in the gallbladder with a few small metastases to peri-aortic, peri-bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes. Macroscopically, there was no gross thrombotic pulmonary embolism or pulmonary metastases. However, microscopically, more than 60% of the small pulmonary arteries less than 1 mm in diameter were occluded with pulmonary tumor microemboli. This case emphasizes the need to include tumor pulmonary embolism in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension whether or not there is evidence of an underlying malignant tumor.
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PMID:Subacute pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary tumor microembolism as a clinical manifestation of occult gallbladder adenocarcinoma. 907 Sep 64

The proliferative rate of a tumor has been considered predictive of its clinical course. We evaluated the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 and its relationship to survival, disease-free survival and other clinicopathologic variables in both stage I and stage II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 260 patients with surgically resected stage I (n = 193), and II (n = 67) NSCLC with at least 5 years follow-up were identified. The median survival for patients with low expression of Ki-67 (< or = 25%) was 54 months, while for those with high expression (> 25%), it was 45 months (P = 0.1). The disease-free survival in patients with low expression of Ki-67 was 59 months while it was only 32 months for patients with high Ki-67 (P = 0.1). Out of 136 patients, 84 (62%) had both increased S-phase (> 8%) and high Ki-67 (P = 0.001). A total of 28 of 30 patients who had loss of antigen A had high expression of Ki-67 (93.3%) (P = 0.03). Ki-67 expression was also higher in squamous cell (54/63, 85.7%) compared to nonsquamous cell cancer (70/108, 64%) (P = 0.03). We also analyzed for the presence of symptoms with survival. The presence of symptoms was not found to be statistically significant, for overall survival (P = 0.33) or disease-free survival (P = 0.72). When individual symptoms were analyzed, the presence of cough was statistically significant for both overall and disease-free survival. The median survival was 39 months for patients with cough, and 57 months for patients without cough (P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed higher N and T stages, presence of cough and loss of antigen A, predicted for poorer overall survival. Higher N and T stages, loss of antigen A, presence of mucin and cough and increased expression of Ki-67 predicted decreased disease-free survival. Although we did not find a statistically significant difference between low and high Ki-67, there was a trend for a poorer overall and disease-free survival in patients with high Ki-67 expression. Larger studies may be needed to prove a statistically significant effect of Ki-67 on survival. Future studies should assess the potential prognostic significance of the presence of symptoms (particularly cough) in addition to clinical-pathologic variables (such as T and N stage) and biological markers in patients with early stage NSCLC.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of Ki-67 immunostaining and symptoms in resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. 971 28

The histological and ultrastructural characteristics of an adenocarcinoma of the lung are described in an about 16-year-old female Steller sea lion with a 1.5 month history of cough and anorexia. The animal had multiple neoplastic nodules in the lungs and diaphragmatic pleura. The bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes were replaced by neoplastic tissue, and there were several metastatic lesions in the liver and spleen. The lung tumor was characterized by accumulations of encapsulated lesions with central necrosis, and the neoplastic cells showing a papillary growth pattern produced small amounts of mucin. Ultrastructurally, some cells contained basal bodies, and cilia were rarely seen. This neoplasm was considered to be of ciliated bronchial or bronchiolar epithelium origin.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the lung in a Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). 987 38


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