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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have carried out a single-dose comparison of three different dextromethorphan cough mixtures in 10 healthy human volunteers. Dextromethorphan was administered in a single dose of 60 mg in random order. The concentrations of dextromethorphan and its main metabolite, dextrorphan, were determined from the plasma samples using high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of dextrorphan were 170 times higher than the concentrations of dextromethorphan. No therapeutically significant differences were detected between the three preparations tested, and there were no great differences between the pharmacokinetic profiles of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan. The three test preparations were Resilar and Redol comp. (Remeda Pharmaceutical Co., Finland), and Extuson (Ferrosan Ab, Sweden).
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan: a single dose comparison of three preparations in human volunteers. 367 20

We report a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L1 type, FAB classification) which showed an abnormal karyotype. An 8-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever and cough that had persisted for 2 weeks. Peripheral blood examination revealed remarkable eosinophilia (120,000/mm3) and a few lymphoblasts. Bone marrow examination also revealed many mature eosinophils and 20% lymphoblasts that were PAS and peroxidase negative. A direct chromosome analysis of the bone marrow cells demonstrated that 12.5% of the spontaneously dividing cells had an abnormal karyotype of 46XY, t(5;14) (q31;q32). The chest radiogram showed interstitial pneumonia-like densities, and the ECG had the pattern of a right bundle branch block. The therapy consisted of prednisolone, high dose of methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine. This treatment failed to reduce the eosinophil count. On the 4th day after admission, the patient developed severe dyspnea, complete A-V block, and died. At postmortem, dense infiltrations of eosinophils in various stages of maturation were noted in lungs and liver.
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PMID:Hypereosinophilic syndrome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a chromosome translocation [t(5q;14q)]. 658 69

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia occurred in three siblings. Cough, difficulty in breathing, cyanosis, and failure to gain weight appeared during the first month of life; progressive hypoxia followed, and the three infants died in respiratory failure before the age of 4 months despite intensive drug and supportive treatment. The radiographic and the histologic appearance of pulmonary changes were similar in all three infants. Chest radiographs yielded normal findings initially, with rapid progression to a ground glass appearance of both lungs. Histologic findings of lung biopsies showed lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and fibrous thickening of the alveolar walls, swelling of alveolar lining cells, and large clumps of macrophages with PAS-positive foamy cytoplasm in the alveolar spaces.
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PMID:Fatal desquamative interstitial pneumonia in three infants siblings. 672 19

The epithelium of the conducting airways of the mouse consists of a single layer of cells. The number, type and form of these cells have been investigated at five airway levels from the trachea to the distal conducting bronchi with both light and electron microscopes. Contrary to what is found in other species, the majority (50-60%) of cells in the murine airway epithelium are Clara cells. Mucus-producing tissue was infrequent throughout the airways, though epithelial mucous cells occurred in increased numbers at the carina and in the primary bronchus. No mucous or serous cells or submucosal glands were seen in intralobular airways. On a morphological basis, three distinct forms of Clara cell were recognized. On occasion, cells were observed which were apparently transitional types between these and also between Clara cells and mucous or ciliated cells. It is suggested that the 'transforming' cells may indicate a role for the Clara cell as a developmental cell involved in the epithelial cell turnover. Evidence is also provided that Clara cells may undergo both apocrine and merocrine secretion and, it is argued that the latter may be of a PAS + ve material. Free nerve endings were not seen in the epithelium. This may be related to athe restricted ability of mice to cough. It is suggested that the lack of mucus-producing tissue and of cough reflex may be due to the small diameter of the mouse airways.
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PMID:The cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium of the mouse: a quantitative light and electron microscope study. 727 93

Malign small cell tumors in the thoracopulmonary region is a tumor of neuroectodermic origins with polymorphous and infrequent presentation. It is mostly found among young people, developing an aggressive and severe course. It is a small cell tumor involving small quantities of cytoplasm without glucogen, round or oval nucleus with disperse chromatin, and little prominent nucleolus without tendency of manifesting pseudo red spots, being PAS negative. Two cases which initially resembled pleuropulmonary infection are presented. Case 1: Sixteen year old male. Presented with a high fever, pleuritic thoracic pain, and a cough with little expectoration. He was diagnosed with severe pulmonary infection and parapneumonic right pleural discharge. His condition improved with antibiotic treatment, but the cough persisted. Thoracoabdominal echography showed right pleural discharge and possible hepatic mass. Surgical intervention was performed. Askin's tumor was detected by biopsy. He began treatment with chemotherapy. Case 2: Thirty-four year old woman. Presented with non-productive cough, pleuritic thoracic pain, and high fever. In the thoracic TAC, there was right pleural discharge along with images suggesting hypodense mass. Given the patient's lack of response to antibiotics, a thoracotomy was performed. The anatomopathological diagnosis was Atkin's tumor. After beginning treatment, the patient died after ten days.
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PMID:[Infrequent clinical presentation of Askin's tumor]. 805 30

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an uncommon disease in which alveoli are progressively filled with surfactant-related material. Although a definitive diagnosis is usually made by an open lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology may play a decisive role in the clinical work-up of these patients, and, in some cases, may spare a patient a more invasive diagnostic procedure. The authors present three patients in whom BAL cytology specimens contained the characteristic (although not specific) globules of amorphous proteinaceous PAS-positive material accompanied by only rare background macrophages and inflammatory cells. The patients include a 40-year-old man with an 8-year history of fever of unknown origin, a 30-year-old man with a chronic nonproductive cough, and a 6-year-old boy diagnosed at 5 months of age with osteopetrosis and hypogammaglobulinemia who subsequently developed a disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. All specimens stained with Gomori methenamine silver (3) and Ziehl-Neelsen (2) were negative for microbial organisms, Ultrastructural examination of two specimens revealed the characteristic lamellar structures of surfactant, increasing diagnostic specificity. Lung biopsies and/or autopsy subsequently confirmed the diagnosis in all three cases. The characteristic cytologic and ultrastructural features of PAP in BAL specimens are presented along with the morphologic differential features of other entities which potentially could be confused with PAP.
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. 885 40

A 78-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, sputum and cough. Chest X-ray showed infiltrative shadows in the right lung field. Smears of his sputum were positive for acid-fast bacilli. We found multiple subcutaneous abscesses on the right distal forearm. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed granulation tissues with the proliferation of epitheloid cells with the scattering infiltrations of neurophils, giant cells and histiocytic cells. The examination of the PAS stained specimen revealed fungal elements and a black fungus, Exophiala jeanselmei, was isolated by the cultures of pus from the abscess. He was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei and was successfully treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and anti-fungal agent, 5-fluorocytosine.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis]. 1068 16

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, diffuse infiltrative lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of abnormal lung surfactant in the alveoli and distal airways. Although it was first described in 1958, few large scale studies have been published. The diagnosis is conventionally based on lung biopsy and the value of less invasive procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) remains controversial. A multi-center retrospective study was conducted in an attempt to update epidemiological, clinical and long term outcome and to assess the usefulness of chest CT scan and BAL in the management of a large homogeneous series of 41 patients. Inclusion criteria required a clinical picture compatible with PAP and either histological confirmation, or a BAL with a milky macroscopic appearance coupled with positive staining to PAS. Mean age was 48.8 years with a 4: 1 male predominance. The prevalence of smokers (80%) and occupational exposure to various inhaled dusts (39%) was high. The clinical, roentgenographic and functional features were in keeping with previous series. Worsening dyspnea was the most common symptom. Other common manifestations were dry cough, recurrent lung infections, weight loss, finger clubbing, crackles and cyanosis. LDH serum levels were increased in 51% of cases. Lung function tests usually showed a mild restrictive ventilatory defect with hypoxemia and reduced DLCO. Chest X ray revealed bilateral ground glass opacities with consolidation or air bronchogram involving peri-hilar or lower lobes. Chest CT scan, performed in 38 patients, revealed a similar pattern in most of them with diffuse intra-alveolar ground glass opacities (33/38) and interlobular thickening (35/38), resulting in a crazy paving appearance in the typical geographic pattern (32/38). This latter aspect was highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Segmental BAL led to a definitive diagnosis in 62% and lung biopsy was only required in 38% of cases. These data suggest that careful BAL analysis can be sufficient to provide a diagnosis without the need for a lung biopsy. During follow-up, spontaneous remission or improvement was reported in 26%. Segmental (n=3) or whole lung lavage (n=22) was required in 62.5% with a favorable course (complete remission 37%, improvement 34%, stable course 21%) in 92% of the cases. In this series the overall prognosis for PAP remained good, although unpredictable.
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PMID:[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. 1252 3

A 53-year-old woman with refractory acute myeloid leukemia had a cough and chest pain. Chest X-ray and computed tomography demonstrated a cavity for which antibiotics, antituberculosis and antifungal agents were not effective. A diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) was made on the basis of the detection of aspergillus using transbronchial lung biopsy and PAS-positive materials in the sputum. Even though some cases with PAP in hematological malignancy have been reported, the diagnosis of PAP was obtained in most of them at autopsy. In our experience three of seven cases of hematological malignancy had concomitant occurrence of aspergillosis and PAP. We should therefore pay particular attention to the possibility of PAP in patients with hematological neoplasia exhibiting pulmonary fungal infection, especially aspergillosis.
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PMID:[Invasive aspergillosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in acute myeloid leukemia]. 1241 96

A 46-year-old man was admitted because of an increasingly severe cough and dyspnea on exertion. For 13 years, he had inhaled sand containing 100% crystalline silica (SiO2). Chest radiographs revealed right pneumothorax and diffuse small nodular and ground-glass opacities in both lungs (especially in the upper lung fields). A chest CT scan disclosed several bullae in both upper lobes, and an open lung biopsy was performed along with resection of these bullae. Subsequently, silicotic nodules containing silica and PAS-positive materials were recognized in the alveolar spaces in the histological findings, and a diagnosis of silicoproteinosis was made. We have reported on this case of silicoproteinosis with pneumothorax which progressed for over one year and which showed unusual radiological findings dissimilar to those of primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
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PMID:[A case of silicoproteinosis with pneumothorax]. 1272 31


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