Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied waking, ventilatory, and reflex tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) responses to tracheobronchial irritation or lung inflation in three sleeping dogs. The dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube, and airflow was measured with a pneumotachograph. TSM tone was monitored directly by measuring pressure in the water-filled cuff of the endotracheal tube. Mild degrees of tracheobronchia irritation, produced by squirting 0.1--1.0 ml of water into the lower trachea, or by having the dogs inhale one breath of acetic acid vapor (concentration 17 ppm), generally caused arousal from slow-wave sleep (SWS), but not from rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. During wakefulness the irritant stimuli caused coughing and TSM constriction; during SWS or REM sleep, these responses occurred only if the stimulus first produced arousal. In contrast, stimulation of pulmonary stretch receptors by lung inflation did not cause arousal, but readily produced apnea and TSM relaxation during SWS. The results indicate that cough and airway smooth muscle constriction in response to bronchopulmonary irritant stimuli do not occur in the absence of arousal, and that arousal responses to such stimuli are depressed in REM sleep.
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PMID:Arousal, ventilatory, and airway responses to bronchopulmonary stimulation in sleeping dogs. 22 19

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (I), brompheniramine maleate (II), and dextromethorphan hydrobromide (III) in a cough-cold sytup were separated and determined by ion-pair reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The separation was carried out using a muBondapak C18 column (30 cm x 3.9 mm i.d.) and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (40:60:1) with 0.01 N 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt and 0.05 N potassium nitrate. Detection was accomplished using a UV detector at 265 nm for I and II; III was monitored at 280 nm. Concentration versus peak height plots in the ranges of 0.37-1.9 mg/ml for I, 0.025-0.126 mg/ml for II, and 0.125-0.625 mg/ml for III were linear. Ten consecutive injections of a mixture gave a percent relative standard deviation of less than 1% for all three components. Average recoveries from laboratory-prepared samples were 100.5% for I, 100.9% for II, and 100.1% for III. No precolumn cleanup was necessary, and the chromatogram was complete in 16 min.
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PMID:Ion-pair reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of cough-cold syrups I: pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, brompheniramine maleate, and dextromethorphan hydrobromide. 51 4

A case of carcinoid syndrome is presented. Pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma with hepatic metastasis was found in a 60-year-old Japanese male who was complaining of fever, cough and haemosputum. After the treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) over 2 years, he was diagnosed as carcinoid syndrome on the appearance of facial flushing, face edema and watery diarrhea accompanied by high levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in blood and urine. Prednisolone, which was initially effective, was replaced by SMS201-995 due to the considerable dose increase of the former because its effect became insufficient during the course of the treatment. Clinical symptoms were improved by SMS201-995 and blood 5-HIAA level decreased gradually but markedly. Thus better results were obtained by SMS201-995 compared with prednisolone. These results imply that SMS201-995 is appreciated as an effective drug for treatment of carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Successful treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS201-995) in a patient with malignant carcinoid syndrome. 319 61

The hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors was evaluated using the acetic acid inhalation test in healthy adults, patients with bronchial asthma, and children with or without cough. The concentration of acetic acid inducing cough was more than 20% in all 16 healthy adults and 18 children in the control group. There were two groups of asthmatic patients: Those in group 1 showed normal response to more than 20% acetic acid (n = 46), and those in group 2 showed a sensitive reaction to less than 10% (n = 11). Mean age was 9.0 +/- 4.2 years in group 1 and 15.1 +/- 7.6 years in group 2 (statistical significance, P less than .001). Six of 11 asthmatic patients in group 2 were classified as nonallergic asthmatics, whereas only five of 46 patients in group 1 were nonallergic (P less than .01). Bronchoconstriction was not induced in any case, in spite of the production of cough. It is suggested that the hyperresponsiveness of individual cough receptors without the stimulation of irritant receptors be evaluated.
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PMID:Hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors in patients with bronchial asthma. 388 18

The separation and simultaneous determination, by high-performance liquid chromatography, of acetaminophen (I), guaifenesin (II), pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (III), and pholcodine (IV), together with a series of parabens (methyl to butyl, V-VIII) in a cough mixture, has been demonstrated using a chemically bonded octadecylsilane stationary phase with a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid (45:55:2) containing the ion-pairing agent octanesulfonic acid. Retention volumes for the active ingredients were 3.8 ml, 5.4 ml, 9.4 ml, and 15.6 ml for compounds I-IV, respectively. Corrected retention volumes for the parabens [5.4 ml for methyl (V), 9.6 ml for ethyl (VI), 18.5 ml for propyl (VII), and 37.9 ml for butyl (VIII)] showed an exponential relationship with chain length of the esterifying alcohols. Excipients did not interfere with the estimation of any of the compounds, hence pretreatment of the sample was unnecessary. Average recoveries of the active ingredients and of the parabens from laboratory prepared samples were essentially 100% of theoretical with standard deviations of 1.7, 0.3, 1.5, 0.3, 0.3, 3.3, 0.7, and 2.7% for I-VIII, respectively.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine, pholcodine, and paraben preservatives in cough mixture by high-performance liquid chromatography. 683 61

To evaluate the effect of inhaled diuretics, furosemide and amiloride, on cough induced by acid inhalation challenge in asthmatic children, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted. On separate days, 12 asthmatic children (10.3 +/- 0.7 [SEM] years) underwent acetic acid (AD) inhalation challenge after inhalation of furosemide (10 mg/m2 of body) amiloride (0.3 mg/m2 of body), or placebo (0.9% saline solution). Bronchoconstriction was not observed after administration of furosemide and amiloride. Both inhaled furosemide and amiloride exerted a protective effect against AA-induced cough in asthmatic children (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while there was little correlation between the individual protective potency of furosemide and amiloride against AA-induced cough (rs = 0.344, p = 0.255). These results demonstrate that both furosemide and amiloride can attenuate AA-induced cough, although, this protective effect of inhaled diuretics may not necessarily be dependent on Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporter or Na+ channel in airway epithelial cells.
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PMID:Inhaled diuretics attenuate acid-induced cough in children with asthma. 784 70

Inhaled sodium metabisulphite (MBS) causes bronchoconstriction, cough and microvascular leakage. We have studied its effects on tracheal blood flow, potential difference (PD) and the permeability from tracheal lumen to venous blood of a low molecular weight hydrophilic tracer, 99mtechnetium-labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) in anaesthetized sheep. Flow was measured in tracheal artery and blood from a cannulated tracheal vein collected for 5 min periods. The tracheal lumen was filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH) containing 99mTc-DTPA for six to eight 15 min periods. During the third or fourth period, MBS (1, 20 or 100 mM) was washed into the tracheal lumen for 15 min. MBS increased tracheal blood flow (venous flow (Q'v), 5-10 min MBS exposure period: 1 mM -9 +/- 18% (n = 3); 20 mM +16 +/- 5% (n = 5; p < 0.05); 100 mM +43 +/- 13% (n = 5; p < 0.05). It decreased PD in a concentration-dependent way. Venous 99mTc-DTPA concentration increased progressively to +266 +/- 176 and +958 +/- 321% 25-30 min after exposure to 20 and 100 mM MBS, respectively (p < 0.05 for both). These effects were not blocked by luminal frusemide (3-7 mM) or flurbiprofen (100-500 microM). Histological sections showed changes to the epithelial cells and large intercellular spaces. Thus, luminal sodium metabisulphite increases tracheal blood flow, reduces transmural potential difference and causes tracheal epithelial damage, leading to an increase in 99mTc-labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid permeability.
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PMID:Sodium metabisulphite causes epithelial damage and increases sheep tracheal blood flow and permeability. 879 60

Mortality and morbidity in fire victims are largely a function of injury due to heat and smoke. While the degree and area of burn together constitute a reliable numerical measure of cutaneous injury due to heat, as yet no satisfactory measure of inhalation injury has been developed. In this study, we employed technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) radioaerosol lung scintigraphy (inhalation scan) to evaluate acute inhalation injury in fire victims. Ten normal controls and 17 survivors from a fire accident were enrolled in the study. All patients suffered from respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea and/or cough with sputum). 99mTc-DTPA aerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy was performed in all subjects, using a commercial lung aerosol delivery unit. The degree of lung damage was presented as the clearance rate (k; %/min) calculated from the time-activity curve over the right lungs. In addition, the distribution pattern of the radioactivity in the lungs was evaluated and classified into two groups: homogeneous distribution and inhomogeneous distribution. A plain chest radiograph (CxR) and pulmonary function test (PFT) were performed in the same group of patients. The results showed that 6/17 (35.3%) patients had inhomogeneous distribution of radioactivity in their inhalation scans, and 11/17 (64.7%) had homogeneous scans. Five of the six patients with inhomogeneous scans were admitted for further management, and all patients with homogeneous scans were discharged from the emergency department and needed no further intensive care. The clearance rates of the right lung were 0.73%+/-0.13%/min for normal controls and 1.54%+/-0.58%/min for fire victims. The difference was significant, with a P value of less than 0.01. Using a cut-off value of 0.9%/min (all normal subjects were below 0. 9%/min), 14 (82.4%) patients had abnormal clearance rates of 99mTc-DTPA from the lung. In contrast, only three (17.6%) patients had abnormal CxR and three (17.6%) had abnormal PFTs. We conclude that (1) conventional CxR and PFT are not good modalities for evaluating inhalation injury in fire victims because of their low sensitivity, and (2) 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol inhalation scintigraphy can provide an objective evaluation of inhalation injury during a fire accident and may be useful in therapeutic decision-making and disease monitoring.
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PMID:Detection of acute inhalation injury in fire victims by means of technetium-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy. 902 Nov 8

Although it is well-known that some types of respiratory viral infections cause airway hyperresponsiveness in humans, the effect of viral infection on the cough threshold in asthmatics is not known. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of naturally-acquired influenza A virus infection on the cough threshold to inhaled acid in children with asthma. Twelve children with asthma (9 boys and 3 girls, mean +/- SEM age of 10.8 +/- 0.6 yrs), who had naturally-acquired influenza A virus infection in winter (January-February, 1992) during an epidemic of influenza A (H1N1), were enrolled in this prospective, uncontrolled study. All patients underwent acetic acid (AA) inhalation challenge 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the influenza infection. The cough threshold values (the lowest concentrations of AA eliciting coughs) after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of the illness were 3.7 +/- 0.9, 5.3 +/- 1.0 and 8.1 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SEM), respectively. Cough threshold values 4 or 6 weeks after the illness improved significantly over that at 2 weeks (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, baseline forced expiratory volume in one second did not change throughout the study. These results indicate that influenza A virus infection attenuates the cough threshold independently of airway obstruction in children with asthma. The enhanced cough response following virus infection is probably mediated by damage to the airways epithelium.
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PMID:Effect of influenza A virus infection on acid-induced cough response in children with asthma. 903 95

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of roxithromycin, a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, on the cough response to inhaled acetic acid (AA) and on the bronchoconstriction induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) in children with asthma. Ten hospitalized asthmatic children (8 boys and 2 girls, mean +/- SEM age 12.6 +/- 0.4 years) were enrolled in this study. They were treated with 150 mg of roxithromycin once a day orally for 8 weeks without any side effects. All the patients underwent AA inhalation challenge before and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the administration of roxithromycin. Seven of the 10 patients, who had a fall in FEV1 of at least 20% after UNDW inhalation, underwent UNDW inhalation challege at the same time. The cough threshold values, the lowest concentrations of AA eliciting coughs, and UNDW provocative dose producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (UNDW PD20) values 4 or 8 weeks after the administration of roxithromycin increased significantly over the initial values (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in baseline FEV1 or serum theophylline concentrations throughout the study. These results support the notion that administration of roxithromycin may have favorable results in the treatment of childhood asthma.
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PMID:Roxithromycin attenuates acid-induced cough and water-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma. 916 48


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