Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Coadministration of captopril has been shown to increase serum digoxin concentration. The effects of ramipril, a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on serum digoxin concentration after multiple dosing were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. All subjects were receiving steady-state digoxin medication (0.5 mg daily), and ramipril (5 mg daily) was coadministered for 14 days. Serum digoxin concentration was measured repeatedly before, during and up to 1 week after ramipril coadministration at 8 a.m. (trough values) and on selected trial days at 11 a.m., 3 hours after the morning medication. Simultaneously, blood levels of ramipril and its active metabolite diacid were determined. Volunteers were followed closely for side effects and for changes in blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram. Safety pharmacology included serial determination of sodium, potassium, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine and a full blood count. Mean serum digoxin concentration was not significantly influenced by ramipril coadministration with trough levels of 0.90 +/- 0.24 before, 0.93 +/- 0.38 during and 0.82 +/- 0.33 ng/ml after ramipril medication. The increase in serum digoxin concentration 3 hours after the morning dose was also not significantly affected by ramipril. Serum levels of ramipril and its diacid showed a wide range of variation. Mean serum potassium increased by 0.3 mmol/liter during ramipril coadministration with development of symptomless hyperkalemia (6.0 mmol/liter) in 1 subject. The only other side effect possibly related to ramipril was a dry cough in 1 subject. Both drugs were well tolerated. Ramipril showed no significant influence on serum digoxin levels in healthy volunteers.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetic interaction study with ramipril and digoxin in healthy volunteers. 303 35

Thirty-two workers in an electroplating plant accidently drank water contaminated with nickel sulfate and chloride (1.63 g Ni/liter). Twenty workers promptly developed symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, giddiness, lassitude, headache, cough, shortness of breath) that typically lasted a few hours but persisted 1-2 days in 7 cases. The Ni doses in workers with symptoms were estimated to range from 0.5 to 2.5 g. In 15 exposed workers who were tested on day 1 postexposure, serum Ni concentrations ranged from 13 to 1,340 micrograms/liter and urine Ni concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 12 mg/g creatinine. Ten subjects (with initial urine Ni concentrations greater than 0.8 mg/g creatinine) were hospitalized and treated for 3 days with intravenous fluids to induce diuresis, resulting in a mean elimination half-time (T1/2) for serum Ni of 27 hours (SD +/- 7 hour), which was significantly shorter (p less than .001) than the mean T1/2 of 60 hours (SD +/- 11 hours) in 11 subjects who did not receive intravenous fluids. Laboratory tests showed transiently elevated levels of blood reticulocytes (N = 7), urine albumin (N = 3), and serum bilirubin (N = 2). All subjects recovered rapidly, without evident sequellae, and returned to work by the eighth day after exposure.
 ...
PMID:Acute nickel toxicity in electroplating workers who accidently ingested a solution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride. 318 43

Seventy nine cases of sporadic, community acquired legionnaires' disease have been reviewed. Annual and seasonal variation in incidence was noted. The mean age of the patients was 53 years and 50 (63%) were male. Pre-existing chronic diseases were present in only 23 (29%), including two patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Common symptoms included unproductive cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Respiratory symptoms were absent, however, in 17 (22%). Localising chest signs were present in 74 (95%) cases. Frequent laboratory findings included lymphopenia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyponatraemia, raised urea and creatinine concentrations, abnormal liver function, hypophosphataemia, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, and haematuria. Thirteen patients died (16%), including nine of 20 who received assisted ventilation. The mortality rate in patients treated with erythromycin (11%) was lower than in those who received other antibiotics (23%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Of the features noted on admission, only a high plasma urea concentration was significantly associated with death. Sporadic community acquired legionnaires' disease is a not uncommon disorder, which with appropriate treatment has a prognosis similar to that of other forms of community acquired pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Legionnaires' disease: a review of 79 community acquired cases in Nottingham. 378 45

Two children and 29 of 31 crew members aboard a grain freighter became acutely ill after inhaling the toxic fumigant phosphine; one child died. Predominant symptoms were headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, cough, and shortness of breath. Abnormal physical findings included jaundice, paresthesias, ataxia, intention tremor, and diplopia. Focal myocardial infiltration with necrosis, pulmonary edema, and widespread small-vessel injury were found at postmortem examination of the dead child. The surviving child showed ECG and echocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury and transient elevation of the MB fraction of serum creatinine phosphokinase. Illness was significantly associated with living or working amidships or on the forward deck areas of the vessel. Phosphine gas was found to have escaped from the holds through a cable housing located near the midships ventilation intake and around hatch covers on the forward deck. The outbreak illustrates the hazards associated with shipboard fumigation.
 ...
PMID:Acute phosphine poisoning aboard a grain freighter. Epidemiologic, clinical, and pathological findings. 738 74

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy has recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of post-renal transplant erythrocytosis (PTE). In an attempt to assess the effect of drug treatment on serum erythropoietin level, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary protein excretion, we prospectively evaluated 8 consecutive cadaveric renal transplant recipients with PTE treated with ACE inhibitor therapy for 3 months. In response to ACE inhibition, the mean hematocrit (HCT) value decreased from 53.7 +/- 0.6% before treatment to 42.7 +/- 2.2% at the conclusion of the study (p = 0.03). However, 1 patient failed to respond to ACE inhibition (HCT > 50%), and 2 patients with PTE developed anemia (HCT < 35%) while maintained on drug treatment. Although the mean serum erythropoietin level decreased during ACE inhibition (from 22.8 +/- 8.4 to 9.4 +/- 5.3 mU/ml; p = 0.06), a consistent change in individual erythropoietin levels was not identified. At the conclusion of the study, the serum erythropoietin levels were undetectable in 4 patients, decreased in 1, unchanged in 2, and increased in the only patient with PTE who failed to respond to drug treatment. All patients tolerated the ACE inhibitor therapy without developing cough or hyperkalemia. In addition, serum creatinine levels, 125I-iothalamate clearances, and mean arterial blood pressures were unchanged throughout the study. Microalbuminuria (spot urinary albumin/creatinine ratio between 30 and 200 mg/g) developed in 5 patients with PTE and coincided with the onset of erythrocytosis (25.2 +/- 7 mg/g before PTE and 76.3 +/- 36.7 mg/g at the time of PTE detection).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Association of post-renal transplant erythrocytosis and microalbuminuria: response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. 757 90

A 71-year-old woman with psoriasis-associated rheumatoid arthritis had for 15 months been treated with methotrexate (5 mg/week orally). Four weeks before admission she had developed dyspnoea and cough. On admission her axillary temperature was 38.2 degrees C, the white cell count was normal. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (50/90 mm), lactate dehydrogenase activity (449 U/l) and the creatinine level (1.33 mg/dl) were all elevated. Blood gas analysis revealed partial respiratory impairment (pO2 52 mm Hg), and the chest X-ray demonstrated bilateral interstitial-alveolar changes. Despite antibiotics the temperature continued to rise, and on the 11th day a blood eosinophilia of 4% was noted. The bronchial mucosa was normal on bronchoscopy, and transbronchial biopsy showed only minor interstitial fibrosis, occasional macrophages and lymphocytes. Cultures of the lavage-fluid were negative. As methotrexate pneumonitis was suspected the drug was discontinued and prednisolone administered (50 mg daily for 3 days, gradually reducing over 7 days). The symptoms quickly improved, and blood gas analysis and the X-rays became normal. The patient was discharged symptom-free after 30 days.
 ...
PMID:[Severe pneumonitis as a complication of low-dose methotrexate therapy in psoriasis-associated polyarthritis]. 773 58

A 69-year-old man with coronary heart disease complained of pain in his right flank. He had dyspnoea, cough and fever up to 38.8 degrees C. In addition to various positive indicators of inflammatory disease he had a creatinine concentration of 1.8 mg/dl and an increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase (1655 U/l). The chest radiograph demonstrated pneumonia and computed tomography showed an infarct in the right kidney. The ECG indicated atrial fibrillation with an irregular ventricular rate and left bundle branch block. Echocardiography demonstrated dilatation of the left ventricle and a thrombus adherent to the wall. Transoesophageal echocardiography additionally recorded spontaneous type I echo-contrast, which disappeared after therapeutic heparinization. Cerebral infarctions were shown by computed tomography, undertaken because of neurological symptoms. There were also signs of silent myocardial ischaemia. As a coronary artery bypass operation was contraindicated, percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was attempted but dissection occurred, causing irreversible cardiogenic shock of which the patient died.
 ...
PMID:[Spontaneous echo contrast in the left ventricle as an indicator for an increased risk of thromboembolism]. 792 30

1062 patients with moderate to severe hypertension were enrolled in an open-label multicenter trial investigating the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the preconstituted formulation enalapril (20 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg) over a treatment period of 12 weeks. According to the inclusion criteria of the study protocol 489 patients had to be excluded from statistical evaluation of efficacy. Results were calculated from 573 patients (339 females, 234 males, mean age 59.1 +/- 12.3 years) of whom 89% (n = 510) received the standard dosage of 1 tablet daily. They revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) from a mean of 108.2 +/- 7.8 mm Hg (182.2 +/- 17.6 mm Hg) before treatment to a mean of 88.4 +/- 6.7 mm Hg (152.6 +/- 10.8 respectively) after 12 weeks of treatment. 81% responded to therapy defined as a lowering of diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg. Heart frequency dropped significantly (from a mean of 77.8 +/- 10.6 to a mean of 71.7 +/- 8.0, p < 0.01), too. Adverse effects leading to discontinuation were seen in 2.8% (n = 30) of all participating patients. Cough and gastrointestinal discomfort were the most frequent side effects. None of the safety parameters i.e. serum potassium and creatinine changed during the period of investigation. In conclusion, the preconstituted formulation enalapril (20 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg) was shown to be an effective and well tolerated treatment not only for patients with newly diagnosed moderate to severe hypertension, but also for nonresponders to previous antihypertensive therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Antihypertensive effectiveness of enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide as a combination drug]. 821 15

The antihypertensive efficacy and acceptability of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was evaluated in 2,927 elderly (> or = 70 years) hypertensive patients in general practice, as part of an open 6-month trial conducted on a total of 23,460 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Patients were ambulatory and selected if diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was between 94 and 115 mm Hg and no serious illness or ACE inhibitor intolerance was known. Perindopril was started at 2 or 4 mg once daily and, if supine DBP remained > 90 mm Hg, the daily dose could be doubled after 1 or 3 months (or a diuretic added if perindopril titration reached 8 mg). At entry, the 2,927 patients (65% females) were on average 74 years old, body weight was 68.2 kg, duration of hypertension was 9.4 years, and prior antihypertensive treatment was present in 78%. Percentage of normal DBP (< or = 90 mm Hg) was 69% at 1 month, 86% at 3 months (in patients on perindopril alone), and 94% at 6 months. At 6 months the reduction of systolic blood pressure and DBP was 28 and 16.6 mm Hg, respectively. Of the 2,927 patients at entry, 8.6% dropped out during the trial, including 6.1% due to side effects. Cough was the most common symptom (8.9%) leading to withdrawal in 3.4% of cases. In one patient, serum creatinine increased (3-fold at 1 month), but overall no significant variation of renal function occurred, as shown by stable plasma creatinine and potassium levels.
 ...
PMID:Antihypertensive efficacy and acceptability of perindopril in elderly hypertensive patients. 832 64

The long-term acceptability of perindopril in mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure (CHF) was evaluated in a multicenter open study. A total of 320 patients with a mean age of 62 +/- 1 years and CHF of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I (2 patients), II (204 patients), or III (114 patients) were included after a 2-week run-in period during which time vasodilators were stopped and diuretic and/or digoxin therapy stabilized. Perindopril treatment was started at 2 mg, increasing to 4 mg once daily after 2 weeks if supine systolic blood pressure remained > 100 mm Hg. After this dose titration period, follow-up visits were scheduled at monthly intervals for the first 3 months, then at 3-month intervals with a maximum period of follow-up being 30 months. At the time of analysis, mean duration of treatment was 276 days and 208 patients were treated > or = 6 months. Of the 320 patients, 10 (3.1%) died, 9 (2.8%) were withdrawn for worsening heart failure, and 38 (11.9%) for nonfatal adverse events, including cough (2.8%), dizziness or orthostatic discomfort (1.9%), angina pectoris (1.6%), and cutaneous signs (1.3%). Exercise test duration increased from 516 +/- 14 to 659 +/- 19 sec after 6 months of treatment (p < 0.01). At 6 months, 55.6% of patients improved by at least 1 NYHA class. Supine systolic blood pressure decreased slightly from 137 +/- 2 to 132 +/- 1 mm Hg (p < 0.01) and plasma creatinine levels remained stable from 100 +/- 2 to 102 +/- 2 mumol/liter after 6 months of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Acceptability of perindopril in mild-to-moderate chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a long-term open study in 320 patients. 832 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>