Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dry coughing. Ten days before admission, the patient had suffered from facial palsy accompanying otic zoster infection (Ramsay Hunt syndrome). Acyclovir was given, and during the two weeks after admission, the facial palsy resolved completely. The dry coughing worsened, and marked eosinophilia developed (1.930/mm3). A chest roentgenogram and a computed tomogram revealed wandering non-segmental infiltration in the left lung field. Examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed moderate eosinophilic infiltration into thickened alveolar septa and alveolar spaces. An elevated CD 4/CD 8 ratio (4.12) and a high level of eosinophilic cationic protein (8.730 micrograms/l) were found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed. The patients condition improved without medication within one month after the onset of the dry coughing. Laboratory results revealed no parasitic or mycotic infection, and both an acyclovir skin test and a lymphocyte stimulation test were negative, which suggested that the pneumonia had been induced by an allergic reaction to unknown antigens resulting from Th 1/Th 2 imbalance after reactivation of varicella-zoster virus latent in sensory ganglia.
 ...
PMID:[Ramsay Hunt syndrome associated with eosinophilic pneumonia]. 975 4

A 32-year old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of cough, fever, and skin eruptions. He was coctacted with a child who had chickenpox 3 weeks before the onset. He showed the elevating of antibody to varicella-zoster virus. Despite of the administration of Acyclovir for four days, cough was not relieved and a chest X-ray film showed infiltrative shadow in right middle lobe of the lung. Bronchoscopic examination revealed vasicle and edema, and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage by the polymerase chain reaction. The patient in first case confirmed by the virus DNA in the bronchial washing by the PCR.
 ...
PMID:[Case of varicella-zoster pneumonia with bronchioalveolar lavage confirmed by the detection of VZV DNA in the bronchial washing by the polymerase chain reaction]. 1035 93

Extensive reviews of pulmonary infections in AIDS have reported few herpetic infections. Generally these infections are due to Herpes simplex type 1. Pneumonia due to herpes type 2 is extremely rare. We describe a 40 year-old HIV positive woman who complained of fever, cough and dyspnea for seven years. She had signs of heart failure and the appearance of her genital vesicles was highly suggestive of genital herpes. Echocardiography showed marked pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy and tricuspid insufficiency. After a few days of hospitalization she was treated with Aciclovir and later with Ganciclovir. An open pulmonary biopsy revealed an interstitial inflammation, localized in the alveolar walls. Some pulmonary arteries had widened walls and focal hyaline degeneration. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the nuclei had herpes simplex virus type 2 in many endothelial cells (including vessels with widened walls), macrophages in the alveolar septa and pneumocytes. There was clinical improvement after treatment for herpes. We concluded that as a consequence of herpes infection, endothelial involvement and interstitial inflammation supervene, with thickening of vascular walls and partial obliteration of the vessel lumen. A direct consequence of these changes in pulmonary vasculature was pulmonary hypertension followed by heart failure.
 ...
PMID:Herpes simplex type 2 pneumonia. 1258 74

A neonate presenting to the emergency department can present a challenge to even the most experienced clinician. This article has focused on four deceiving and potentially devastating neonatal diseases. 1. Neonatal herpes is a potentially devastating illness without pathognomonic signs or symptoms. Early recognition and therapy can reduce mortality markedly. Although no specific sign or symptom is diagnostic,the diagnosis should be strongly considered in the presence of HSV risk factors, atypical sepsis, unexplained acute hepatitis, or focal seizure activity. Acyclovir therapy should be initiated before viral dissemination or significant CNS replication occurs. 2. Pertussis is a disease in which infants are at greatest risk of death or severe complication. Neonatal pertussis often presents in an atypical manner, lacking the classic signs and symptoms such as the "whoop."More common signs and symptoms include cough, feeding difficulty,low-grade fever, emesis, increasing respiratory distress, apnea, cyanosis,and seizures. Management should include hospitalization, supportive care, and antibiotics. 3. Congenital heart defects, particularly ductal-dependent lesions, may have an initial asymptomatic period that culminates in a rapidly progressive and fatal course. A neonate with CHD presents with shock refractory to volume resuscitation or pressor support. Resuscitative efforts are ineffective unless PGE, is administered. 4. Inborn errors of metabolism often are unsuspected because of their protean and heterogeneous nature. Signs and symptoms are subtle,are nonspecific, and often mimic other, more common diseases.An elevated index of suspicion, along with application and correct interpretation of a select few laboratory tests, is the key to making a diagnosis. Therapy is relatively straightforward and focused on resuscitation followed by prevention of catabolism and correction of specifically identified abnormalities. Although these disorders are relatively uncommon, prompt diagnosis and therapy can lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality. The key is to maintain a high index of suspicion.
 ...
PMID:Unsuspected neonatal killers in emergency medicine. 1547 77

Good's syndrome (GS) or thymomaassociated immunodeficiency is a rare clinical entity that should be ruled out in patients with thymoma who develop severe, recurrent bacterial infections and opportunistic viral and fungal infections. There are no treatment protocols established, hence, early recognition is imperative to avoid complications. We report the case of a 42-year-old female, known for a previous thymectomy for giant thymoma who has suffered for a long time from recurrent pulmonary and urinary tract infections and cold sores. In March 2016 she referred to our unit complaining of fever, cough, chest pain, and cold sores due to Herpes simplex virus (HSV), confirmed serologically as HSV-1. Chest X-ray showed left pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. She started antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid associated with azithromycin) with gradual improvement. Given her history she was studied for an underlying immunodeficiency: IgG, IgA, and IgM were significantly low or absent, as well as all IgG subclasses; blood and bone marrow aspirate leucocyte immunophenotyping showed complete absence of B lymphocytes and reduced CD4+ T cells. In light of: i) thymoma; ii) B lymphocyte deficit; iii) hypogammaglobulinemia; iv) recurrent infections, GS was diagnosed and pre-emptive immunoglobulin treatment, associated with HSV and Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis (Acyclovir for HSV and Sulfamethoxazole- Trimethoprim for P. jiroveci) were started. Since then the patient has no longer presented any infectious episodes.
 ...
PMID:Good's syndrome, a rare form of acquired immunodeficiency associated with thymomas. 3124 91