Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Desmodur-N (DES-N) or hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDIt), a biuret structure of hexamethylene diisocyanate, is a viscous liquid used for durable coatings and is applied by brushing or spraying. DES-N aerosol has been shown to be primarily a pulmonary irritant following a single exposure in mice. To explore the pulmonary effects of this agent further, groups of guinea pigs were exposed to concentrations ranging from 8 to 121 mg/m3 of DES-N for 3 hr. Prior to and following exposure, each animal was challenged with 10% CO2 in 20% O2 and 70% N2 to evaluate their pulmonary performance. Following a single exposure, these animals displayed a concentration-dependent increase in respiratory rate and decrease in tidal volume, as well as coughing and apnea. Their ventilatory response to 10% CO2 was abnormal and characteristic of a lung restriction response. Some airflow limitation was seen during expiration but this occurred more often during air breathing than during CO2 challenge. With daily exposures repeated for 11 consecutive days, guinea pigs began to adapt to the exposures as indicated by a return to a normal ventilatory response to CO2. This adaptation occurred within the first 5 days of exposures. From Days 6 to 11, there was a demonstrable effect, but the level of response was much less than that following the first exposure. No cumulative effect could be demonstrated with this polyisocyanate and the effect was found to be different than that for mono- or diisocyanates. Acceptable levels of exposure to this polyisocyanate for industrial workers are suggested.
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PMID:Pulmonary effects of a polyisocyanate aerosol: hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDIt) or Desmodur-N (DES-N). 360 65

Stress urinary incontinence, the complaint of involuntary leakage during effort or exertion, occurs at least weekly in one third of adult women. The basic evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence includes a history, physical examination, cough stress test, voiding diary, postvoid residual urine volume, and urinalysis. Formal urodynamics testing may help guide clinical care, but whether urodynamics improves or predicts the outcome of incontinence treatment is not yet clear. The distinction between urodynamic stress incontinence associated with hypermobility and urodynamic stress incontinence associated with intrinsic sphincter deficiency should be viewed as a continuum, rather than a dichotomy, of urethral function. Initial treatment should include behavioral changes and pelvic floor muscle training. Estrogen is not indicated to treat stress urinary incontinence. Bladder training, vaginal devices, and urethral inserts also may reduce stress incontinence. Bulking agents reduce leakage, but effectiveness generally decreases after 1-2 years. Surgical procedures are more likely to cure stress urinary incontinence than nonsurgical procedures but are associated with more adverse events. Based on available evidence at this time, colposuspension (such as Burch) and pubovaginal sling (including the newer midurethral synthetic slings) are the most effective surgical treatments.
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PMID:Stress urinary incontinence. 1533 76

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a fibrotic narrowing of the airway at the level of the cricoid cartilage, which can result in severe dyspnea. There is an overwhelming female preponderance, and treatment usually involves dilation, tracheostomy or resection with reconstruction of the involved portion of the airway. The exact mechanism of action is unknown. Estrogen has been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease, but estrogen receptors have not been found in tissue specimens taken from afflicted individuals. A careful history taken from the patient often reveals a severe episode of coughing prior to the development of symptoms, and intraoperative examination can reveal impaction of the first tracheal ring within the lumen of the cricoid cartilage. Based on these observations, we surmise that an intermittent telescoping effect of the first tracheal ring within the lumen of the cricoid cartilage can lead to disruption of the local blood supply and trauma to the cricoid mucosa, with consequent mucosal edema, ischemia, and ultimately fibrosis. While estrogen has been shown to play a beneficial role in wound healing, abnormal wound healing may be potentiated by variations in estrogen receptor expression, and could also explain the female preponderance seen in this disease.
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PMID:On the development of idiopathic subglottic stenosis. 1829 79

It is important to accurately model person-to-person particle transport in mechanical ventilation spaces to create and maintain a healthy indoor environment. The present study introduces a hybrid DES-Lagrangian and RANS-Eulerian model for simulating transient particle transport in enclosed environments; this hybrid model can ensure the accuracy and reduce the computing cost. Our study estimated two key time constants for the model that are important parameters for reducing the computing costs. The two time constants estimated were verified by airflow data from both an office and an aircraft cabin case. This study also conducted experiments in the first-class cabin of an MD-82 commercial airliner with heated manikins to validate the hybrid model. A pulse particle source was applied at the mouth of an index manikin to simulate a cough. The particle concentrations versus time were measured at the breathing zone of the other manikins. The trend of particle concentrations versus time predicted by the hybrid model agrees with the experimental data. Therefore, the proposed hybrid model can be used for investigating transient particle transport in enclosed environments.
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PMID:A hybrid model for investigating transient particle transport in enclosed environments. 3228 23

Introduction: The treatment for locally advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer is still challenging. Drug-eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization (DEB-BACE) is a novel drug delivery and embolization system for lung cancer that has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of adverse events (AEs). It is very rare to administer DEB-BACE as neoadjuvant therapy for lung cancer and achieve pathological complete response (pCR). Body: A 69-year-old male was hospitalized because of cough and hemoptysis caused by locally advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer. According to his choice, he received DEB-BACE treatment without obvious AEs. After the DEB-BACE treatment, the pulmonary lesion was controlled and lobectomy was performed. Postoperative pathology showed pCR. The patient has recovered well. Conclusion: This was the first case of DEB-BACE as a neoadjuvant therapy and achieved pCR for lung cancer. DEB-BACE might be a new neoadjuvant therapy option for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, especially for squamous cell cancer.
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PMID:Drug-eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization as a neoadjuvant treatment for squamous non-small cell lung cancer. 3240 Feb 51

This case series aimed to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in patients with lung, renal, gastric, and other non-liver cancers.Twenty-four patients who underwent DEB-TACE or DEB-TACE combined with other therapies were reviewed in this case series. Treatment responses were assessed at 1 month after treatment according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Overall survival (OS) and adverse events were recorded.In the total patients, the objective response and disease control rate were 79.2% and 87.5%, respectively. And the mean OS in total patients was 14.7 months (95% confidence interval: 9.6-19.9 months). The number of patients who had generalized aches, nausea, vomit, fever, abdominal discomfort, chest discomfort, elevated blood pressure, cough, loss of appetite, and headache in total patients were 7 (29.2%), 11 (45.8%), 6 (25.0%), 2 (8.3%), 3 (12.5%), 3 (12.5%), 1 (4.2%), 1 (4.2%), 1 (4.2%), and 1 (4.2%), respectively. The objective response rates in patients with lung, renal, gastric, and other non-liver cancer were 70.0%, 85.7%, 100.0%, and 80.0%, respectively. In patients with lung, renal, gastric, and other non-liver cancers, the mean values of the OSs were 13.4 months, 12.4 months, 7.6 months, and 20.3 months, respectively. And the most common adverse events in lung cancer patients, renal carcinoma patients, gastric cancer patients, and patients with other non-liver cancers were post-embolization syndrome.DEB-TACE may be an effective and safe therapeutic option in patients with lung, renal, gastric, and other non-liver cancers.
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PMID:A novel application of drug-eluting transarterial chemoembolization in treating non-liver cancers. 3275 80