Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cough is a physiological defense reflex for protecting the airways from aspiration and irritation. Thus, roles of environmental triggers are postulated in the pathogenesis of chronic cough. There are several lines of epidemiological evidence demonstrating the relationships between environmental irritant and pollutant exposure and chronic cough. However, positive findings from cross-sectional studies just reflect the protective nature of cough but may not properly address the true impact of environmental triggers. If harmful inhalation is repeated, cough may be seen as chronic but indeed is protective in nature. Therefore, long-term residual outcomes would be the key for understanding the effects of environmental triggers on chronic cough. The present review aims to summarize the associations between chronic cough and environmental pollutants or irritant exposure, with a focus on the long-term residual effects of (1) chronic persistent exposure and (2) acute high-intensity exposure on chronic cough, and also to examine (3) whether childhood irritant/pollutant exposure may increase the risk of chronic cough in adulthood.
Asia Pac Allergy 2019 Apr
PMID:Environmental triggers for chronic cough. 3108 58

During the initial pandemic wave of COVID-19, apart from common presenting symptoms (cough, fever, and fatigue), many countries have reported a sudden increase in the number of smell and taste dysfunction patients. Smell dysfunction has been reported in other viral infections (parainfluenza, rhinovirus, SARS, and others), but the incidence is much lower than SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pathophysiology of post-infectious olfactory loss was hypothesized that viruses may produce an inflammatory reaction of the nasal mucosa or damage the olfactory neuroepithelium directly. However, loss of smell could be presented in COVID-19 patients without other rhinologic symptoms or significant nasal inflammation. This review aims to provide a brief overview of recent evidence for epidemiology, pathological mechanisms for the smell, and taste dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Furthermore, prognosis and treatments are reviewed with scanty evidence. We also discuss the possibility of using "smell and taste loss" as a screening tool for COVID-19 and treatment options in the post-SARS-CoV-2 infectious olfactory loss.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2020 Jun
PMID:Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment options. 3256 34

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) virus, in late December 2019 has dramatically changed the way we access health care, and dental care is no exception. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this virus outbreak as a pandemic with its spread through direct transmission via droplet inhalation, cough, sneeze, or via aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and contact transmission through oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. The clinical orthodontic practice involves the use of high-/low-speed handpiece for bonding, debonding, polishing and ultrasonic scalers for plaque removal. Oral sandblasting procedures generate high amounts of aerosols contaminated with infected patients' saliva and could pose a huge challenge for the treating dentists and orthodontists. In the Southeast Asian region, the spread of the virus has been largely contained but the entire situation has elicited a mixed response from practitioners and patients' alike. The problem most dentists including orthodontists are facing in this region at this point of time, is to identify sound safety protocols to prevent the spread of this highly transmissible virus.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2020 Oct 27
PMID:The State of Orthodontic Practice After the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: The Current Scenario and Future Recommendations. 3310 20

The pandemic of coronavirus disease has created a global emergency after its origin in China, in December 2019. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 infection in the local population of a prime city of Western Rajasthan in India and found that the co-morbidities like diabetes (54.3%), cardiovascular diseases (28.8%), chronic respiratory conditions (18.4%) are the predominant risk factors for acquiring the infection. The young adult male population from urban area were maximum affected by the disease. Most common presenting complains were dry cough (65.7%), fever (62.3%) followed by sore throat (24.1%). A declining positive case percentage was found over the study period, though the number of samples received for SARS-CoV-2 testing increased with time, implying the effectiveness of government policies at community level to spread the outbreak.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2020 Dec 08
PMID:Demographic Profile of COVID-19 Cases: An Early Analysis of the Local Outbreak in a "Hotspot District" of Western Rajasthan in India. 3328 99


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