Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is being recognized with increasing frequency in the United States. The characteristics of the disease are recurrent pyrexia, cough, wheezing, sputum plugs containing aspergilli, fleeting pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilia, dual skin reactions (immediate and late), and antibodies to the fungus in the blood. The pathogenetic mechanism is believed to involve type I and type III hypersensitivity reactions. Adrenal corticosteroids are effective in treating this condition.
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PMID:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: an increasing clinical problem. 118 76

We present the results of a study designed to verify the efficacy of nebulized L-Adrenaline and/or dexamethasone given intramuscularly (IM) in the treatment of croup during childhood. Sixty-six children, hospitalized for croup during the period between october 1989 and september 1990, entered the study. They received the ordinary treatment with oxygen-therapy and fluid-therapy and were randomly assigned, in a double-blind fashion, into one of four treatment groups: Group 1: Nebulized L-Adrenaline and placebo (IM). Group 2: Nebulized saline and placebo (IM). Group 3: Nebulized saline and dexamethasone (IM). Group 4: Nebulized L-Adrenaline and dexamethasone (IM). The clinical evaluation was based on a scoring system assessing the inspiratory stridor, croupy cough, retractions and cyanosis. An analysis of variance was performed on the evolution of the score for two factors (Adrenaline and dexamethasone) to verify that there was no interaction between them. Subsequently, a one-factor analysis of variance was performed on the four treatment groups. We conclude that nebulized Adrenalin is more beneficial than saline in the clinical evolution of croup (p < 0.05). However, we did not find a statistically significant improvement in the group treated with dexamethasone when compared with the group treated with the placebo IM injection.
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PMID:[Randomized double-blind study of treatment of croup with adrenaline and/or dexamethasone in children]. 843 75

Herein we assess the safety of an inhaled formulation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) which uses the propellant hydrofluoroalkane-134a (HFA) for the treatment of asthma. Acute local tolerability (as assessed by the incidence of cough and mean forced expiratory volume after 1 s inhalation) was similar for both BDP and placebo formulated in either chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) or HFA propellants. A total of 43 patients were treated with HFA-BDP (0, 200, 400 or 800 micrograms day-1) or CFC-BDP (800 micrograms day-1) for 14 days and their 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion and response to cosyntropin stimulation were measured. There was no difference in UFC between any of the doses of HFA-BDP and CFC-BDP. Adrenal responsiveness to cosyntropin stimulation was normal in all but one patient. Two large 12 week phase III trials compared HFA-placebo, HFA-BDP 400 micrograms day-1 and CFC-BDP 800 micrograms day-1 (n = 347), and HFA-BDP 800 micrograms day-1 and CFC-BDP 1500 micrograms day-1 (n = 233). For HFA-BDP at either dose, CFC-BDP 800 micrograms day-1 and HFA-placebo, the number of patients with morning plasma cortisol concentrations below normal was less than 4.4% but was 14.6% for CFC-BDP 1500 micrograms day-1. The incidence of adverse events was lower in the HFA-BDP groups than in the CFC-BDP groups (P = 0.012). The data indicate that, at doses of up to 800 micrograms day-1, HFA-BDP is at least as well tolerated as CFC-BDP. Other studies have found that equivalent efficacy is reached at lower doses of HFA-BDP than CFC-BDP. Equivalent efficacy at a lower dose and equivalent safety at the same dose imply that HFA-BDP may have a more favourable risk: benefit ratio than CFC-BDP when used at the recommended lower doses.
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PMID:Safety of hydrofluoroalkane-134a beclomethasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol. 1046 6

Real allergy to local anesthetic (LA) is very rare. This study was performed to report a case of anaphylaxis to multiple "caine." A 25-years-old atopic nurse developed a very severe anaphylactic reaction on her third infiltration for low back pain with bupivacaine, lidocaine, and methylprednisolone: she developed a vagal reaction, followed during the next 30 minutes by a pruriginous skin rash, followed by a tongue edema and a severe bronchospasm. Adrenalin was injected with a poor response. She was intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit for a few days and, finally, she recuperated completely. Skin-prick tests were done on two occasions. In the first session, no reactions were observed with triamcinolone and methylprednisolone at 1 mg/cc, but a rapid extending maculopapular erythema developed with a final diameter of 50 mm with lidocaine 0.1% (group 2) and 25 mm with procaine 2% (group 1): control 0 mm, histamine, 3 mm. She also complained of itchiness in the neck and shoulder, which resolved in the next 90 minutes. In the second session, a test with bupivacaine 0.0005% (group 2) gave a papule with a diameter of >5 mm, and a test with mepivacaine 0.001% (group 2) was negative: control, histamine, 3 mm; no subsequent tests with mepivacaine were done because she developed a cough and throat pruritus, voice modification, and a sensation of throat narrowing, that resolved with treatment. We reported a case of anaphylaxis to multiple LA (groups 1 and 2), possibly via an IgE-mediated mechanism.
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PMID:Allergy to multiple local anesthetics. 1803 81

Most children who present with acute onset of barky cough, stridor, and chest-wall indrawing have croup. A careful history and physical examination is the best method to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out potentially serious alternative disorders such as bacterial tracheitis and other rare causes of upper-airway obstruction. Epinephrine delivered via a nebuliser is effective for temporary relief of symptoms of airway obstruction. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, and benefit is seen in children with all levels of severity of croup, including mild cases.
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PMID:Croup. 1829

In this rostrum we aim to increase awareness of anaphylaxis in infancy in order to improve clinical diagnosis, management, and prevention of recurrences. Anaphylaxis is increasingly reported in this age group. Foods are the most common triggers. Presentation typically involves the skin (generalized urticaria), the respiratory tract (cough, wheeze, stridor, and dyspnea), and/or the gastrointestinal tract (persistent vomiting). Tryptase levels are seldom increased because of infant anaphylaxis, although baseline tryptase levels can be increased in the first few months of life, reflecting mast cell burden in the developing immune system. The differential diagnosis of infant anaphylaxis includes consideration of age-unique entities, such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome with acute presentation. Epinephrine (adrenaline) treatment is underused in health care and community settings. No epinephrine autoinjectors contain an optimal dose for infants weighing 10 kg or less. After treatment of an anaphylactic episode, follow-up with a physician, preferably an allergy/immunology specialist, is important for confirmation of anaphylaxis triggers and prevention of recurrences through avoidance of confirmed specific triggers. Natural desensitization to milk and egg can occur. Future research should include validation of the clinical criteria for anaphylaxis diagnosis in infants, prospective longitudinal monitoring of baseline serum tryptase levels in healthy and atopic infants during the first year of life, studies of infant comorbidities and cofactors that increase the risk of severe anaphylaxis, development of autoinjectors containing a 0.1-mg epinephrine dose suitable for infants, and inclusion of infants in prospective studies of immune modulation to prevent anaphylaxis recurrences.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis: Unique aspects of clinical diagnosis and management in infants (birth to age 2 years). 2544 36

Recently, certain endometrial carcinomas have been found to be associated with mismatch repair (MMR) protein defects/deficiency. A 39-year-old female presented with cough, decreased appetite and significant weight loss since 2 months. Earlier, she had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) for endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Imaging disclosed an 8 cm-sized adrenal mass that was surgically excised. Histopathology of the adrenal tumor, endocervical tumor, and endometrial biopsy revealed Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Grade II to III endometrioid adenocarcinoma. By immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, PAX8, MLH1 and PMS2 while negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), MSH2 and MSH6. She underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A 34-year-old lady presented with vaginal bleeding since 9 months. She underwent TAH-BSO, reported as FIGO Grade III endometrioid adenocarcinoma. By immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were negative for ER, PR, MLH1, and PMS2 while positive for MSH2 and MSH6. She underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, she developed multiple nodal and pericardial metastases and succumbed to the disease within a year post-diagnosis. Certain high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas occurring in younger women are MMR protein deficient and display an aggressive clinical course. Adrenal metastasis in endometrial carcinomas is rare.
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PMID:Mismatch repair protein deficient endometrioid adenocarcinomas, metastasizing to adrenal gland and lymph nodes: Unusual cases with diagnostic implications. 2654 74