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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an intensive care unit an important role is assigned to respiratory physiotherapy. Its principal task is efficacious toilet of the bronchi by fluidifying the secretions, promoting their ungluing from the respiratory tree and facilitating their evacuation by cough or by aspiration with a catheter or bronchoscope. The technique comprises the inhalation of a secretolytic (e.g. Bisolvon, NaCl 9%) and, in the case of asthma, bronchospasmolytic (e.g. Ventoline) aerosol followed by breathing exercises. The other objectives of physiotherapy are to ensure a better distribution of inspired air, increase failing ventilation, ameliorate disturbed gas exchange, relax the contracted respiratory muscles and prevent bronchiolar collapse in emphysema during expiration. The field of application of respiratory physiotherapy is large; its purpose is prophylactic and therapeutic. The method is prophylactic in all patients confined to bed, where there is a risk of bronchial obstruction or ventilatory failure, especially in those with severe operation, traumatism or consciousness disorder. Physiotherapy has a therapeutic role in several, principally broncho-pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, obstructive emphysema, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscess, atelectasis, and pulmonary and pleural fibrosis. Myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in the acute state, acute pulmonary edema, pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage are contraindications for physiotherapy. If the method is to be effective the intensive care unit should have a specialized physiotherapist attached to it working there on a daily basis.
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PMID:[The role of respiratory physiotherapy in an intensive care unit]. 52 99

Salbutamol (in syrup form) has been used as a cough sedative in a paediatric series (children from 1 1/2 months to 12 yr) of bronchial and bronchopulmonary forms of varying gravity. The hypothesis is put forward that the sedation achieved is connected to the drug's action on the spastic component.
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PMID:[Use of salbutamol in cough sedation in pediatrics]. 61 Jun 96

The effect of inhaled prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha on the response to the inhaled tussive agent capsaicin was investigated in normal subjects. Seven subjects inhaled three breaths of four doses of capsaicin (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 nmol) before and immediately after inhaling PGF2 alpha (0.1 mumol) or placebo (0.15M NaCl) on separate days. The numbers of capsaicin induced coughs were greater after PGF2 alpha (mean 42.3 coughs) than after 0.15M sodium chloride (30.1). Visual analogue scores (0-10 on a 10 cm continuous scale) showed that capsaicin was more irritant after PGF2 alpha than after saline. Total respiratory resistance (Rrs), measured by the forced oscillation technique, was unaltered throughout the study. A double blind, placebo controlled study of the effects of inhaled salbutamol (200 micrograms, 0.6 mumol) and ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms, 0.1 mumol) on cough induced by capsaicin (2.4 nmol) and by PGF2 alpha (0.1 mumol) and on PGF2 alpha augmented, capsaicin induced coughing was performed in seven subjects. Neither drug had any effect on capsaicin induced coughing. Salbutamol reduced coughing due to PGF2 alpha (mean 7.7 coughs after salbutamol, 9.3 after placebo) but ipratropium bromide did not (mean 6.9 coughs after ipratropium bromide, 6.6 after placebo). Salbutamol also inhibited the augmentation of the capsaicin induced cough that followed inhalation of PGF2 alpha (mean augmentation 1.9 coughs after salbutamol, 4.1 after placebo), whereas ipratropium bromide did not (augmentation 1.7 coughs after ipratropium bromide, 2.7 after placebo). No changes in Rrs were seen after PGF2 alpha or either drug. Thus salbutamol reduces PGF2 alpha induced cough and the augmentation of capsaicin induced cough that follows PGF2 alpha.
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PMID:Prostaglandin F2 alpha enhancement of capsaicin induced cough in man: modulation by beta 2 adrenergic and anticholinergic drugs. 214 56

Isolation of the causative agent remains the "gold standard" for the early diagnosis of pertussis. For this purpose, the nasopharynx is swabbed with a calcium alginate swab. Cephalexin-containing charcoal horse blood medium is used for the transport of the swabs to the bacteriology laboratory. As an alternative, the isolation of bordetellae can be performed at the paediatrician's office by direct inoculation of charcoal horse blood agar plates. Long-lasting cough of unknown aetiology is the main field for pertussis serology (ELISA). Even today, severe courses of whooping cough requiring hospitalization are not rare, especially in infants. Erythromycin (given in high doses for 14 days) is the antibiotic of choice for pertussis. As an alternative to the macrolides, cotrimoxazole may be administered or amoxycillin. Salbutamol and the corticosteroids have been shown to be useful for the symptomatic treatment of severe pertussis in infants.
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PMID:[Pertussis: diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy]. 219 59

We compared in this double-blind crossover study the bioavailability of dextromethorphan from a dextromethorphan-salbutamol combination tablet (Redol comp) and from a plain dextromethorphan tablet (Extuson) by determining dextrorphan concentrations after single-dose oral administration in 10 healthy volunteers. The absorption of salbutamol from the combined preparation was also determined. The absorption of dextromethorphan was slightly faster from the plain dextromethorphan preparation. The peak concentration of dextrorphan was achieved at 1.5 h after Extuson and at 2 h after Redol comp (1,053.0 +/- 366.5 ng/ml and 901.5 +/- 210.9 ng/ml, NS). AUC0-12 values of dextrorphan were 4,315.6 +/- 295.0 (ng/ml)h after Extuson and 3,983.8 +/- 205.6 (ng/ml)h after Redol comp (p less than 0.05). Salbutamol was well absorbed from the combined preparation and the peak concentration was achieved at 3 h (6.57 +/- 2.95 ng/ml). Four subjects reported side-effects typical for salbutamol after the combination tablet. No side-effects were reported after the plain dextromethorphan tablet. On the basis of the present study, we conclude that the absorption of dextromethorphan from the preparations tested is almost equal and the dextromethorphan-salbutamol combination can be administered in tablet form for the treatment of cough.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic comparison of a dextromethorphan-salbutamol combination tablet and a plain dextromethorphan tablet. 237 28

The value of sound spectrum analysis (sonography) as an indicator of the severity of symptomatic pertussis was assessed in four infants aged 3 weeks to 5 months. Coughing paroxysms and whooping could be clearly distinguished and measured on the sonogram. Sonography was then used to evaluate the effects of oral salbutamol on pertussis. The drug reduced the frequency and shortened the duration of the whoops; however, it did not have corresponding effect on the cough. Salbutamol seemed to relieve the laryngeal spasms and consequently eased the infant's breathing difficulties.
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PMID:Efficacy of salbutamol in treatment of infant pertussis demonstrated by sound spectrum analysis. 612 Mar 15

Forty-three children from 3-16 years of age suffering from moderate bronchial asthma completed a double-blind cross-over study on the clinical effect of inhaled salbutamol (Ventoline) powder (0.2 mg/dosis) compared with spray (0.1 mg/dosis) over two 4-week periods. Both administrations gave significant improvement in air flow meter (AFM) results. There was no significant difference between the periods on active powder or spray regarding daily symptom scores, adjuvant medication or AFM values. The powder caused cough in four children but in 12 of 28 children it was considered as easy or easier to accept as the spray; nine of these 12 children were younger than 10 years of age. It is concluded that salbutamol inhaled as a powder is a useful alternative when using a spray is difficult or unwanted.
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PMID:Salbutamol by powder or spray inhalation in childhood asthma. 700 42

Salbutamol in controlled release tablet form was compared to salbutamol in standard tablet form for the management of patients with bronchial asthma. A total of twenty asthmatic patients enrolled in the study were classified into two groups, ten patients each, for a cross-over study. Group 1 received controlled release tablets for a 2 to 3 week period, and were then shifted to standard tablets for another similar period. Group 2 received standard tablets first and was then shifted to controlled release tablets. Patients were required to record symptom scores during therapy, including sleep disturbance, chest tightness, wheezing, cough, sputum production and inhalational bronchodilator use. Measurements of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were also done, as well as record made of side effects experienced. The result showed that a lower symptom score was found in patients receiving controlled release tablets than in patients receiving standard tablets (p < 0.001 for sleep disturbance, p < 0.005 for sputum formation and p < 0.001 for total score). There was a higher PEFR in patients receiving controlled-release tablets than in patients receiving standard tablets (p < 0.001). Side effects with tremor were observed in 30% of both groups of patients with a slightly higher degree in the patients receiving standard tablets (statistically not significant). In conclusion, salbutamol of controlled release tablet form obtains a better therapeutic response than standard tablets in the management of patients with bronchial asthma.
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PMID:Salbutamol in treatment of bronchial asthma--comparison of controlled release tablet with standard tablet. 798 68

As an evaluation, we report the case of a 38-year-old female tanker driver suffering from "Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome" (RADS). Forty-two months before, she accidentally inhaled a high concentration of gaseous phthalic anhydride. She had never transported this kind of substance before. After her accident, she was forbidden to transport any volatile substances that might harm her airways. She immediately felt a burning of the upper airways and started coughing. Three months later, she complained of wheezing, dyspnea at rest as well as chest tightness. She was diagnosed a bronchial asthmatic by her G.P. and was prescribed low doses of Salbutamol and Dipropionate Beclomethasone. At the time of the evaluation, she was asymptomatic except for coughing. All functional tests were normal except for a PD20 of 0.097 mg/ml for histamine, which clearly reveals bronchial hyperreactivity. We diagnosed "Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome" and suggested she increased the intake of the medicine prescribed. When she came back a year later, she was totally asymptomatic and no longer suffered from bronchial hyperreactivity. This favorable evolution may be observed for these kinds of syndromes, usually helped by medication. Nonetheless, she suffered prejudice as she may no longer transport this kind of volatile and irritating substance.
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PMID:[Transient syndrome of acute irritation of the bronchi induced by single and massive inhalation of phthalic anhydride]. 804 86

Mepyramine-theophylline-acetate (MTA), a theophylline derivative combined with an antihistamine, is used to treat patients with asthma. A double-blind, randomized, prospective, parallel-group study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MTA in the treatment of asthmatic crisis in children 2 to 6 years of age. Forty patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were admitted to the study. The MTA group received 8 mg/kg per day of MTA by mouth in three divided doses for 7 days. The other group received 50 microL/kg per day of placebo in three divided doses for 7 days. Salbutamol (albuterol) syrup was used as the rescue drug if manifestations of asthma persisted. Both the MTA group and the placebo group had similar demographic characteristics at baseline. Both groups showed improvement of the asthma symptoms (cough, dyspnea, hypoventilation, and wheezing), as evaluated by the investigators at days 3 and 7. Patient diary scores showed earlier improvements in the MTA group than in the placebo group. Both groups showed improvement in peak flow at days 3 and 7 (P = 0.005). The control group used more doses of salbutamol than the MTA group on days 2 through 6 and globally (mean +/- SD, 6.79 +/- 9.11 doses vs 1.29 +/- 2.23 doses). The improvements in the placebo group were thought to be due to salbutamol. Three MTA patients dropped out of the trial, one because the parents felt that the treatment was not effective and two because of gastrointestinal manifestations (epigastric discomfort and vomiting). In the placebo group, two patients dropped out. One patient had epigastric discomfort and the other had to be treated in the emergency department for an exacerbation of the asthma. We conclude that MTA may be a good therapeutic option for the treatment of asthmatic crisis in children 2 to 6 years of age.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of mepyramine-theophylline-acetate in the treatment of asthmatic crisis in children. 856 34


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