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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myotonia is defined as a persistent contraction of skeletal muscles after their stimulation. This contracture is not prevented or relieved by regional anaesthesia or muscle relaxants. The sensitivity to non-depolarizing muscle relaxants is usually normal. Suxamethonium, neostigmine, hypothermia, a rise in kalaemia should be avoided. There have been case reports of malignant hyperthermia in patients with myotonia congenita. Dystrophia myotonica is the second most frequent of the inherited muscle diseases, after Duchenne's dystrophy. The severity of the disease is due more to the muscular atrophy and the multiple organ involvement than to the abnormal contraction. Atrioventricular heart block and dysrhythmias are more common than heart failure. Prolonged apnoea and pneumonia are the main risks of anaesthesia. In severe cases, exists a restrictive respiratory insufficiency which is preceded by a fall in the maximum expiratory pressure. Dysphagias and inefficient coughing may occur early. An increased susceptibility to hypnotic drugs and opiates is a common feature. Spontaneous sleep apnoeas should be sought before anaesthesia, especially by using pulse oximetry. The anaesthetic implications are reemphasized.
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PMID:[Anesthesia in myotonia]. 253 24

The onset of neuromuscular blockade following the i.v. injection of vecuronium and pancuronium 0.05, 0.08 or 0.1 mg/kg and suxamethonium 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg was studied in 304 patients during induction of anaesthesia by means of the compound action potential derived from the adductor pollicis muscle, which was indirectly stimulated via the ulnar nerve. The intubation conditions 1-5 min after injection were assessed using a scoring system related to ease of laryngoscopy, movement of vocal cords and coughing, and reflex movements of extremities. Development of motor blockade was time- and dose-dependent. After administration of 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium, the actual maximum effect (more than 90% block) was established within 4 min; after 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium within 6 min and after 1.0 mg/kg suxamethonium within 2 min. Intubation conditions improved with time. After 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium atraumatic intubation was possible within 2 min and after 0.1 mg/kg pancuronium within 4 min. Following 1.0 mg/kg suxamethonium, optimum intubation conditions were achieved within 1 min. Although suxamethonium acts the fastest and tracheal intubation can be achieved within 0.5-1.0 min, its use involves certain side effects and disadvantages. Vecuronium acts considerably faster than pancuronium and good or excellent intubation conditions are present within 2 min. Suxamethonium is no longer the muscle relaxant of choice for intubation except for crash intubation, e.g., in patients with a full stomach.
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PMID:[Vecuronium: onset of effect and intubation conditions in comparison to pancuronium and suxamethonium]. 286 13