Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) on the 24 h urinary excretion of morphine, codeine and their metabolites, and on the plasma and brain disposition of morphine and codeine at steady state in mice were studied. Morphine-3-glucuronide was the major urinary metabolite in morphine treated animals, while for codeine treated animals norcodeine and morphine-3-glucuronide were the major metabolites. In all cases percentage of drug excreted unchanged was 10-15% of the administered dose. Ephedrine or PPA pretreatment had no apparent effect on these parameters. The metabolic ratios for the different pathways were comparable in all treatment groups. Steady-state plasma and brain concentration-time profiles of codeine and morphine also showed marked similarity in all treatment groups. Apparently, ephedrine or PPA pretreatment has no effect on the disposition of morphine and codeine in mice. The results are discussed from the perspective of our earlier findings of dependence on cough mixtures containing opioids and sympathomimetics.
 ...
PMID:Further metabolic studies of codeine and morphine in mice pretreated with sympathomimetics. 129 94

The presentation of type 1, second-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) in a young, healthy patient is rare. This article describes such an event in a 36-year-old white male under subarachnoid block (SAB) anesthesia. At 25 minutes into surgery, the pulse oximeter and the ECG monitor both alarmed for nonsensing and asystole, respectively. The patient had experienced a complete AVB. "Cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)" was begun, and the patient was instructed to take deep breaths and cough as hard as possible. During the entire duration of the AVB, the patient never lost consciousness and continued cough CPR, with encouragement from the author. Ephedrine 12.5 mg in two doses was administered through the rapidly infusing intravenous line. The patient was continued on oxygen, as described, and the pulse oximeter continued to demonstrate a saturation greater than 96% during the entire event. After approximately 40 seconds, the patient's rhythm changed to a type 1, second-degree AVB. After an additional 15 minutes, the patient's sinus rhythm returned to normal. This event emphasizes the value of vigilance. Continuous monitoring, including pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurements, and continuous ECG, should be used on all patients receiving any form of anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Paroxysmal atrioventricular block in a healthy patient receiving spinal anesthesia: a case report. 826 78

Irreversible, nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have been reported adversely to interact with indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines present in many cough and cold medicines. This study investigated the safety and tolerability of concomitant administration to 12 healthy subjects of both genders (aged 19-36 years) of ephedrine and moclobemide, a reversible MAO-A inhibitor. A 2-day, randomized, crossover administration of placebo or ephedrine (two doses of 50 mg with a 4-h interval) was followed by 9 days open-label dosing with moclobemide, 300 mg b.i.d.. On the last 2 days of moclobemide dosing, the randomized crossover treatment of ephedrine and placebo was repeated. No subject was withdrawn from the study for tolerability reasons. Moclobemide treatment, however, increased the incidence of adverse events elicited by ephedrine, particularly palpitations and headache. The pharmacodynamic interaction between the two drugs was quantified by calculation of the area under the effect-time course (AUE) for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). The difference in AUE between monotreatment with ephedrine and placebo was statistically significant for all three vital signs. Moclobemide potentiated the effect of ephedrine by a median factor of 3.2 for SBP, 3.8 for DBP, and 0.6 for HR. Ephedrine had no significant influence on the plasma concentrations of moclobemide or its metabolites. In conclusion, the combined use of moclobemide and high doses of sympathomimetic drugs should be approached with caution.
 ...
PMID:Modification of the cardiovascular effects of ephedrine by the reversible monoamine oxidase A-inhibitor moclobemide. 896 Oct 85

It is commonly accepted that bronchial asthma or rhinitis accompanies disorders in body fluids and body temperature. The effects of ephedrine and the traditional antiasthmatics "Makyo-kanseki-to" and "Goko-to" were therefore studied on such constitutional predispositions as insensible perspiration and body temperature. Ephedrine markedly increased body temperature and exhibited a strong increased action on respiratory insensible perspiration, whereas Makyo-kanseki-to and Goko-to not only prevented the elevation of body temperature, but also increased respiratory insensible perspiration following the reduction of non-evaporative heat loss from the body surface. Thus, the diagnostic criteria of these two medicines used to treat hot-type asthma or dry cough were experimentally determined. The results also suggest that there is a great possibility that the administration of antiasthmatics may elicit side effects or make diseases worse unless their actions on constitutional predispositions are taken into account, such as body temperature and body fluids.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological properties of traditional medicines. XXIV. Classification of antiasthmatics based on constitutional predispositions. 985 7