Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-month double-blind multicenter trial compared the efficacy and safety of perindopril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, with atenolol in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. A total of 190 patients, 49 of whom were diabetic, entered the perindopril-atenolol comparison. Of these, 163 had been previously treated and had a 4-week run-in period on placebo; 27 had previously been untreated and received placebo for 2 weeks. At entry, all patients who had a supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95-115 mm Hg were randomized to receive perindopril 2 mg or atenolol 25 mg, once daily. Patients were assessed at 2 weekly intervals for the first month and then monthly for 2 more months. If supine DBP was greater than 90 mm Hg, treatment was increased by stepwise doubling of dose up to 8 mg perindopril or 100 mg atenolol once daily, and later by the addition of hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg, (indapamide 2.5 mg in diabetic patients) once daily. The two groups were homogeneous prior to treatment except for supine and erect heart rate, which were higher in the perindopril group than in the atenolol group (p less than 0.05). Mean supine DBP was 101.1 +/- 0.6 mm Hg in the perindopril group (n = 94) and 99.9 +/- 0.6 mm Hg in the atenolol group (n = 96). After 3 months' active treatment, 74% of patients in the perindopril group achieved a supine DBP of less than or equal to 90 mm Hg and 73% of patients in the atenolol group achieved the same goal. Monotherapy controlled supine DBP in 67% of the perindopril group and 63% of the atenolol group. The decrease in supine DBP was not significantly different between the two groups (-12.9 +/- 0.9 versus -14.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg) but the decrease in erect DBP was lower in the perindopril group (-10.3 +/- 0.9 versus - 13.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.02). Heart rate was reduced in the atenolol group (p less than 0.001). Sixteen patients withdrew from the study; nine were attributed to adverse events, two in the perindopril group and seven, including one death, in the atenolol group. Cough was spontaneously reported by 13% patients of the perindopril group and 1% patients of the atenolol group. In 5% of the perindopril cases this was mild and associated with upper respiratory tract infection. The nature and incidence of other symptoms were similar with both drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of perindopril in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension: results of a double-blind multicenter study versus atenolol. 158 Feb 84

A 3 1/2-year-old bay gelding of the cob type showed nervous signs and coughing associated with breaking-in and exercise. At post-mortem examination, heavy melanin pigmentation of the meninges of the hind brain and the medulla was identified and, on histological examination, melanin-containing cells were found within connective tissue extending into the medulla. The lesion was considered to be a melanotic hamartoma.
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PMID:Melanotic hamartoma of the hind brain in a riding horse. 232 45

A 3.5 year old girl presented with a history of high fever, rigors, and mild cough for 1 week. Physical examination revealed normal chest findings but gross hepatomegaly was detected. Liver function tests were abnormal and indicated biliary obstruction. Ultrasonography revealed a distended gall-bladder with increased wall thickness up to 0.6 cm. The diagnosis of primary Epstein-Barr viral infection was eventually made by specific serological study. The patient's fever subsided 2 weeks later and her liver function tests returned to normal 1 month later. Abdominal ultrasonography at this time was normal.
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PMID:Persistent high fever and gall-bladder wall thickening in a child with primary Epstein-Barr viral infection. 255 86

A 3-year-old child weighing 16 kg was given 1/2 of a Centrum Multivitamin tablet. He began choking and gagging and was taken to an emergency department. He was alert and speaking without difficulty but was drooling, gagging, coughing, and unable to swallow. He was transferred to a children's hospital where he continued to drool but had bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds and no stridor, cough, or wheeze. A lateral neck x-ray was negative. The following morning, esophagoscopy revealed tablet material identified as a granular paste at the level of the cricopharyngeus. A large amount of the paste was encountered at the crossing of the aorta where the mucosa was extremely erythematous and edematous. Smaller amounts of the paste were observed until a larger amount was found at the lower esophageal junction. The material was removed with NSS irrigation, suction, and optical peanut forceps. A significant circumferential burn was present. Repeat esophagoscopy 7 days postingestion showed mucosal edema and some scarring. Nine (9) days postingestion the child's diet was normal and he was discharged.
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PMID:Drug induced esophageal injury. 260 Sep 90

A 3-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a 3-month history of moderate fever, cough and dyspnea. Chest X-ray and C-T scan showed huge mass with high density, occupying right anterior thoracic cavity. Tumor marker including CEA, AFP, NSE in serum and VMA in urine revealed within normal data. Cytological finding obtained by percutaneous fine needle aspiration demonstrated neuroblastoma. 4 days after admission, urgent operation was performed, because of reinforced dyspnea. Huge tumor was successfully dissected, with combined resection of 2nd and 3rd ribs. Pathological diagnosis showed Ewing sarcoma originated from rib. This case is the youngest case of Ewing sarcoma of bone in Japan, and the patient is alive with disease free at the postoperative period of 21 months.
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PMID:[Ewing sarcoma originated from rib in 3-year-old child--a case report]. 276 50

A 3-month double-blind group comparative trial of nedocromil sodium (4 mg twice daily) and placebo was carried out in 30 adult asthmatic patients maintained on bronchodilator therapy. Fifteen patients received each treatment. Subjective (asthma symptoms and severity) and objective (lung function and use of concomitant medication) variables were measured to monitor the response to trial treatments. Significant differences in favour of nedocromil sodium for night-time asthma, daytime asthma, cough, daytime bronchodilator use and clinic assessment of forced expiratory volume during the first second of expiration were observed by week 4 of the trial. The diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate was reduced in the nedocromil sodium treated patients. There were no serious adverse reactions and no treatment related changes in haematological findings, blood biochemistry or urinalysis.
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PMID:A double-blind group comparative trial of nedocromil sodium and placebo in the management of bronchial asthma. 284 6

A 3 1/2 year old girl presented with failure to thrive and a five month history of diarrhoea and recurrent cough. The results of sweat sodium tests suggested a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis; but atypical organisms were found (Haemophilus influenzae, Candida albicans, but no Staphylococcus aureus), she failed to respond to treatment, and her sweat sodium concentrations fell in response to fludrocortisone. She also had hyperglobulinaemia, neutropenia, and reduced numbers of T4 lymphocytes, which prompted the performance of a test for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This proved positive, and she was treated with co-trimoxazole, zidovudine, and human immunoglobulin. Both parents and two siblings were also positive for HIV, though all had normal sweat sodium concentrations. Children with symptoms suggestive of cystic fibrosis but who also show atypical features, as in this case, should have their HIV state checked.
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PMID:Abnormal sweat electrolytes in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection in a child. 312 Oct 56

A 3-year-old child died of the combined effects of a bacterial superinfection and a relative overdose of hydrocodone prescribed for a cough due to a presumed viral respiratory tract infection. This case illustrates the importance of evaluating the effects of prescribed medication in assessing the cause and mechanism of death in children dying suddenly of presumed natural disease.
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PMID:Death associated with inadvertent hydrocodone overdose in a child with a respiratory tract infection. 355 87

During the 2-year period 1977 through 1979, 26 patients with Legionnaires' disease were seen at the Mayo Clinic and affiliated hospitals. The patients ranged in age from 17 to 81 years with a median of 51 years. Twelve (46%) were immunologically compromised. Most of the other patients had underlying chronic tobacco bronchitis. Hectic fever, cough, and diarrhea were common symptoms. Chest radiographs showed patchy perihilar infiltrates that often progressed to consolidation. Diagnosis was made by indirect fluorescent antibody testing in 15 patients (58%), but in no case was the test diagnostic during the first week of illness. In seven patients the diagnosis was established by positive direct flourescent antibody testing of lung tissue, in two cases by culture of lung tissue, and in one case each by direct fluorescent antibody positivity of sputum or bronchial washing. Of the 26 patients, 3 (12%) required hemodialysis for acute renal failure and 5 (19%) died. A favorable clinical response to therapy with erythromycin was noted. The differential diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease must include other bacterial pneumonias, as well as mycoplasma, psittacosis, Q fever, and viral pneumonia. For critically ill patients, open-lung biopsy may be necessary to provide a rapid diagnosis. Current evidence suggests that erythromycin alone or in combination with rifampin is the treatment of choice. A 3-week course of therapy is recommended in order to prevent relapse.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: a review of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of a newly recognized infection. 735 52

A 3-yr-old girl was scheduled to undergo surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. She had no sign or data indicating an infectious disease, other than a slight dry cough for a few days prior to the proposed operation. During the induction of anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen and sevoflurane, transient moist rale was noticed with a precordial stethoscope. Her trachea was intubated without any difficulty after the administration of pancuronium, followed by a chest auscultation, which revealed vesicular sound bilaterally but no rale. However, a chest X-ray taken after the right subclavian vein catheterization showed a massive hypoaeration in the upper left pulmonary region. The presence of the right-to-left intracardiac shunt made it impossible to detect the occurrence of atelectasis by a decrease in SpO2. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed no obstruction of the bronchus and no hypersecretion initially, but physical therapy and humidification made it possible to aspirate intratracheal sputum. Because there seemed to be an imbalance between the relatively uneventful induction of anesthesia and the relative resistance of atelectasis to authentic therapies, the operation was postponed, and the antibody to mycoplasma pneumoniae was titrated. The titer in the serum was 1:80, and increased to 1:560 6 days later. Chest X-rays revealed normal lung condition 3 days later, and she was given erythromycin, 800 mg.day-1 for 2 weeks. We conclude that we should be alert to possible asymptomatic mycoplasma infection, which potentially makes patients susceptible to atelectasis during the perioperative period.
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PMID:[Mycoplasma pneumonia found by the occurrence of atelectasis during the induction of anesthesia in a child with tetralogy of Fallot]. 774 94


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