Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beta 2-agonist therapy effectively relieves asthmatic symptoms, but an improvement in patient lifestyle has not been demonstrated. This open study in which patients acted as their own controls, assessed the efficacy and acceptability of intermittent symptom-related use of terbutaline inhaled via 'Turbohaler', and its influence on the lifestyle of 1133 inhaler-naive, mild asthmatics treated in general practice. A 1-week run-in period was followed by 4-weeks' treatment with inhaled terbutaline (500 micrograms as required). Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and 'Turbohaler' technique were assessed at clinic visits. Diary cards, completed daily, assessed: the number of terbutaline inhalations, the relief obtained after use, the severity of asthma symptoms (cough, morning wheeze, nocturnal wheeze and wheeze on activity), and lifestyle indices (sleep disturbance, work/school days lost, limitation of normal activity). After terbutaline treatment, PEFR increased by 54 +/- 2 l/min (p less than 0.001), the severity of asthma symptoms was almost halved (p less than 0.001), with over two-thirds (65% to 76%) of patients reporting improvements in each variable, and the adverse effect of asthma on lifestyle was at least halved (p less than 0.001). Improvements in lung function, asthma symptoms and lifestyle were comparable for all sub-groups: adults (greater than 16 years), school-age children (6 to 16 years) and preschool children (less than or equal to 5 years). This study not only confirmed the efficacy and acceptability of intermittent symptom-related use of terbutaline inhaled via 'Turbohaler', but also demonstrated that its use enhanced patients' lifestyles.
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PMID:Lifestyle changes in mild asthma during intermittent symptom-related use of terbutaline inhaled via 'Turbohaler'. 177 86

A 1-year-old male Cairn Terrier was evaluated for chronic coughing that was aggravated by eating or drinking. Radiography revealed an esophageal diverticulum, regional megaesophagus, and focal interstitial densities in the right caudal and middle lung lobes. Using fluoroscopy and contrast radiography, contrast material was seen to accumulate in the diverticulum and to reflux into the right middle, caudal, and accessory bronchi. Radiographic diagnosis was bronchoesophageal fistula. Via right eighth intercostal space thoracotomy, the abnormal connection between esophagus and caudal lobe of the right lung was identified, the lobe was resected, and the esophagus was closed. Histologic examination of the connecting tissue revealed a lining of stratified epithelium, with the superficial layer being predominantly ciliated columnar epithelium. Several findings led to the conclusion that the fistula was a congenital lesion, arising from aberrant formation of the respiratory tract from the embryologic digestive tract. Histologic examination revealed smooth muscle and lack of inflammation in tissue surrounding the fistula, which are criteria for identifying congenital bronchoesophageal fistula in human patients. The dog was young and did not have a history of esophageal foreign bodies. Postoperative complications were not encountered, and 9 months later, the dog was reported to be eating dry dog food without coughing. Congenital and acquired bronchoesophageal fistulas in dogs are reported infrequently. Furthermore, 2 of 12 previously reported bronchoesophageal fistulas in dogs, one of which was considered congenital, developed in Cairn Terriers.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of a congenital bronchoesophageal fistula in a dog. 191 62

Urinary incontinence was observed in 19 patients after bladder neck elevation or vaginal repair operations. Characteristically, patients could not suppress their urge to micturate on getting up in the morning, and they wet before arrival at the toilet. Urodynamically, a high posterior cough transmission ratio was noted. A 1.5 cm longitudinal incision in the vagina, dissected free and resutured horizontally (I-plasty), immediately cured this particular condition, but ultimately failed in 1/3 cases. Most of these failed patients were subsequently cured by further adjustment of vaginal tension under local anaesthesia (Tuck procedure). These findings confirm the emphasis given by the Integral Theory of Female Urinary Incontinence as to maintain adequate elasticity in the zone of critical elasticity (ZCE) of the supralevator vagina. The ZCE acts as an elastic hinge, allowing (i.e. facilitates) the separate and opposite contractile forces of anterior pubococcygeus, and levator plate which are necessary to close off urethra and bladder neck respectively. Inadequate elasticity at the ZCE converts the ZCE's role from facilitation to opposition. The stronger levator muscle contraction counteracts the forward section of the weaker anterior part of pubococcygeus muscle, preventing bladder neck closure.
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PMID:The tethered vagina syndrome, post surgical incontinence and I-plasty operation for cure. 209 76

A 1 year follow-up study of 289 low birth weight infants (LBW) was carried out during 1984-85 in slums of Bombay: 151 were males and 138 were females. 52.9% of babies had birth weight less than 2.5 kg. Male children suffered 9.7 and females 8.6 episodes of sickness per year. Annual mean episodes of illness were: diarrhea 3.2, cough 5.3, and fever 4.8. Upper respiratory tract infection was considered fever. 98.6% breast fed successfully in the 1st week keeping it up for 2 months. Of 209 mothers, 88.5% had weaned their babies before 6 months. Commercial formula was used by only 1 mother whose baby had gastroenteritis and dies. Of 289 infants, bottle feeding was done in only 3 cases. Feeding with bowl and spoon was done in 71.3% of infants, 27.7% were not weaned at all with breastfeeding lasting 1 year. Most babies lost weight around the 7th and 8th months of life along with maximum episodes of sickness. Babies below 2 kg showed accelerated growth after weaning, and achieved grade I nutritional status. 2.7 to 3 kg weight babies failed to show any gain from the 5th month, thus advanced to 3rd grade malnutrition. 6 deaths occurred, 4 of which had birth weights less than 2 kg. 2 babies died of gastroenteritis and septicemia during the 4th and 5th month. Mortality in babies born less than 2 kg was 44.4% and above 2 kg birth weight was less that 1%. The infant mortality rate (IMR) was 38/1000 live births vs. the national range of 39-177. Prematurity caused 1.2% of deaths. Antenatal care, detection of at risk pregnancies, proper feeding and weaning practices, and complete immunization coverage can help reduce IMR in slums, and the goal of a rate below 60 by the year 2000 is feasible.
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PMID:Care of low birth weight babies in slums. 280 50

What are the associations and risk factors for otitis media with effusion (glue-ear)? A 1 year case control study in 5-7 year old children from four south-west Hampshire schools examined some of the factors highlighted by the literature. A history of frequent ear problems over the previous year, a history of earache at any time in the child's life, bottle feeding, a red drum at otoscopy and the new finding of night cough all carried an increased relative risk.
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PMID:Risk factors in otitis media with effusion. A 1 year case control study in 5-7 year old children. 784 16

A 1-year-old boy breathing via a T-piece system and recovering from meningococcal septicaemia in the intensive care unit suffered a severe bout of coughing and developed bilateral pneumothoraces and tension pneumopericardium resulting in electromechanical dissociation and asystole. Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation and adrenaline boluses were unsuccessful. Administration of 20 ml.kg-1 of colloid and 3 mmol.kg-1 of sodium bicarbonate solutions produced instantaneous return of cardiac, output. The deleterious effects of cardiac tamponade appeared to decrease with increasing cardiac filling pressures. The patient was managed conservatively and he made a full recovery with no signs of residual neurological deficit.
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PMID:Pneumopericardium: an unusual cause for cardiac arrest. 970 45

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease found in the southwestern part of North America. Travellers who visit the endemic area may carry the infection. We report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a 74-year-old woman. She was healthy before visiting Arizona, U.S.A twice. After returning home, she began to complain of intermittent dry coughing. The symptom was mild, however, and she was treated symptomatically. Later a chest radiograph, which was taken 4 years after the onset of the symptom, showed a solitary pulmonary nodule in the right upper lobe. By percutaneous needle aspiration, a few clusters of atypical cells were noted in the necrotic background. A right upper and middle lobectomy was done. A 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.2 cm sized tan nodule was present in otherwise normal lung parenchyma. Microscopically, the nodule consisted of aggregates of multiple solid granulomas inside of which was mostly necrotic. Neutrophils and nuclear debris were scattered along the periphery of the necrotic foci. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were associated with the granulomas. In the necrotic area, mature spherules of Coccidioides immitis, which were 30-100 microm in diameter, were present. They contained numerous endospores which ranged from 5 to 15 microm and were also noted in multinucleated giant cells. The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis was made. She is doing well after the resection.
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PMID:The first imported case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in Korea. 1033 69

A case study of a 12 year old child evidencing psychogenic cough is presented. The importance of behavioral and family factors in maintaining such cough and an integrated psycho-behavioral approach at management are described. A 1 year follow-up revealed a rapid and complete elimination of psychogenic cough and good adjustment.
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PMID:Psychogenic cough--a case report. 1079 13

A 1-year-5-months-old female who had cough, rhinorrhea and prolonged fever for 19 days was admitted to the intensive care unit due to exertional dyspnea. She was intubated promptly in virtue of hypotension and cyanosis. The physical examination demonstrated diminished breathing sound over the right lung and distant heart sound; echocardiogram showed cardiac tamponade. Further X ray study showed right hydropneumothorax and cardiomegaly. Pericardiocentesis and chest thoracostomy were performed, and subsequently all the cultures showed growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotics therapy was started promptly after admission. Further investigation indicated osteomyelitis of the right ilium, so that surgical debridement was done. The patient was discharged 54 days later with complete recovery. After following up for 18 months, no restrictive heart disease developed. Purulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade is an extremely rare complication of pneumococcal infection.
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PMID:Disseminated pneumococcal infection with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade: report of one case. 1664 5

A 1-year-old-female Yorkshire Terrier was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (VTH-UAB) (Spain) with a 6-month history of unilateral chronic proliferative conjunctivitis and intermittent vomiting and cough. Several medical and surgical treatment efforts to manage conjunctival lesions had resulted in no improvement of the clinical signs. Complete general and ophthalmic examinations revealed several proliferative 'wood-like' masses in the conjunctiva, oral cavity and an interscapular subcutaneous nodule. Conjunctival and buccal biopsies were performed as diagnostic procedures. A diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis was made on the basis of histopathology findings and clinical presentation. The only biochemical abnormalities found were severe proteinuria and low plasminogen activity in plasma. No other analytical abnormalities were observed. Topical treatment with heparin and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs have controlled the ophthalmological clinical signs. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a dog with plasminogen deficiency and ligneous conjunctivitis with a long survival period and 2-year follow-up.
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PMID:Ligneous conjunctivitis in a plasminogen-deficient dog: clinical management and 2-year follow-up. 1960 41


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