Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 64-year-old asthmatic woman began to suffer from urinary irritation after 5 months' treatment with disodium cromoglycate. After 10 months she contracted, additionally, a dry, hacking cough and gradually increasing exercise-induced dyspnoea. Chest X-ray revealed scattered, micronodular infiltrations in both lungs, and her spirogram was clearly restrictive. Peripheral blood showed eosinophilia of 23.5%. Urine was clean. When DSCG was withdrawn, her urinary symptoms and cough disappeared overnight, and her dyspnoea improved within weeks, as did her chest X-ray. Inhalation provocation test with DSCG 2 months later resulted in an immediate asthmatic reaction followed by a possible delayed-type reaction 9 hours later. Disodium cromoglycate is regarded as the possible aetiologic agent.
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PMID:Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia and urinary symptoms during disodium cromoglycate treatment. A case report. 81 4

Cromolyn sodium was administered by inhalation four times a day to 53 severely asthmatic children for periods ranging from 10 to 43 months. The patients were seen at follow-up vists at least once a month through the entire study period. At the cut-off point of the study cromolyn sodium had been effective in controlling asthma by reducing the level of asthma symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, sleep disturbance and sputum output. In addition there was a reduction in the patients' requirements for concomitant anti-asthma medications (including corticosteroids) and the number of hospitalizations and school absences.
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PMID:Clinical experience with long-term cromolyn sodium administration in 53 asthmatic children. 82 68

In guinea-pigs citric acid-induced cough and bronchoconstriction were inhibited by beta 2-agonist and xanthine drugs. Lidocaine inhibited only cough. Cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide inhibited only bronchoconstriction. We conclude that cough and bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs are distinct reflexes and that the inhibitory pharmacology of these airway reflexes may agree in many respects, with that observed in asthmatic subjects.
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PMID:Selective inhibition of cough and bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs. 153 22

The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis are reviewed. Allergic rhinitis is an immunologically mediated disease initiated by an antigen-antibody reaction in sensitized persons. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, itching of the nose and eyes, coughing, and sneezing and may be perennial or seasonal. Diagnosis is confirmed by challenging the patient with suspected allergens in skin-prick tests. Avoidance of offending allergens is the cornerstone of therapy. Antihistamines and decongestants provides only minimal relief when used alone and are more effective when combined with other agents. Two newer antihistamines, astemizole and terfenadine, lack the sedative and anticholinergic properties of older antihistamines. Intranasal corticosteroids are particularly effective in relieving symptoms; beclomethasone diproprionate and flunisolide do so without producing systemic adverse effects. Cromolyn sodium is effective in relieving nasal symptoms and is the prototype of a new noncorticosteroidal class of compounds termed antiallergy drugs. Drugs under investigation for the treatment of allergic rhinitis include histamine H2-receptor antagonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anticholinergic agents, and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists. Immunotherapy is a helpful adjunctive treatment. Treatment with drugs may be necessary for those patients with allergic rhinitis who find it difficult or impossible to avoid the offending allergen. The severity of symptoms and the adverse effects of agents should be considered when individual therapeutic plans are being established.
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PMID:Pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis. 266 11

The efficacy and safety of cromolyn sodium by metered-dose inhaler (MDI) (1 mg per actuation) was evaluated with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-study design. Subjects with asthma, aged 8 to 58 years, whose asthma was well controlled taking cromolyn sodium capsules by Spinhaler turboinhaler, plus beta 2-agonists, entered the study after being maintained with cromolyn sodium capsules for a minimum of 4 weeks. The investigation began with a 2-week control interval with cromolyn sodium capsules followed by a 4-week single-blind period with placebo capsules. Subjects whose asthma significantly worsened while they were receiving placebo therapy were then randomized to a 10-week double-blind phase in which they received either active cromolyn sodium or placebo by MDI. Efficacy variables included diary data, physician evaluation, and spirometry. Comparisons were made between baseline period scores and each assessment variable over time. Of 155 subjects entered, 93 qualified for the double-blind, randomized phase. Eighty-three subjects completed the study and were analyzed. At baseline there existed no significant differences between the active-treatment and placebo-treatment groups. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in favor of the cromolyn sodium-treatment group, however, were noted at all time points for daily diary symptoms (cough, breathlessness, and overall asthma severity), physician's assessments at each clinic visit, physician's and patient's overall final assessments, FEV1 at each clinic visit, and FVC and peak expiratory flow rate at the final visit. Concomitant bronchodilator medication use was less in the cromolyn sodium-treatment group. Cromolyn sodium by MDI is highly effective for (1) controlling asthmatic symptoms, (2) improving lung functions, and (3) decreasing the need for concomitant bronchodilators.
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PMID:A multicenter evaluation of the clinical benefits of cromolyn sodium aerosol by metered-dose inhaler in the treatment of asthma. 312 89

In asthmatic children, clenbuterol causes bronchodilatation for 12h. Ipratropium bromide plus fenoterol is effective in stopping dry irritable cough related to bronchial obstruction. Sustained-release theophylline is effective with therapeutic serum and saliva concentrations for 16h. Ambroxol hydrochloride provides an additional therapy for bronchial obstructure since it reduces cough and sputum output. Cromoglycate and ketotifen are appropriate for long term treatment, and a combination of bronchodilators may offer better control of nocturnal asthma.
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PMID:Treatment of bronchial obstruction in asthmatic children. 366 19

In a randomized, double-blind, group comparative study, 100 asthmatic patients known to be responsive to cromolyn sodium were treated either with pelletized cromolyn (cromolyn sodium, 20 mg) or with cromolyn blend, Intal (cromolyn sodium, 20 mg + lactose, 20 mg). There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups for asthma severity, breathlessness on exertion, cough, the number of inhalations needed to obtain the dose from the capsule, and morning peak flow. No local or systemic side effects were encountered during the 6-month duration of the study. It is concluded that pelletized cromolyn offers most of the advantages of cromolyn therapy without the need for the patients to inhale lactose at the same time. Also, pelletized cromolyn has a distinct therapeutic advantage for use in lactose-in-tolerant patients.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative study of pelletized cromolyn versus cromolyn blend in the treatment of asthma. 393 44

Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) has recently been formulated as a pressurized aerosol. Twenty-five asthmatic outpatients taking SCG via the Spinhaler were studied in a double-dummy, double-blind cross-over trial in which subjects took Spincaps containing 20 mg of SCG for 2 months, and for the alternate 2 months were treated with SCG aerosol delivering 1 mg/actuation. There was no evidence of clinical deterioration occurring during the period on aerosol SCG. During this period however cough frequency was significantly lower and when data for the 8-13 and 14-46 year age groups were analysed separately, this decrease was seen to be confined to the younger group. Furthermore, this group but not the adults, showed a significant improvement in morning peak expiratory flow rate. We conclude that the aerosol preparation of SCG is a useful alternative to delivery by Spinhaler for patients who are able to coordinate, and that it may have special advantages for children.
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PMID:Delivery of sodium cromoglycate by pressurized aerosol. 642 17

1 Sodium cromoglycate administered as a dry powder inhalation (20 mg/dose) via the Spinhaler was compared with a metered dose aerosol (2 mg/dose) in an eight week double dummy double blind crossover trial in 29 asthmatic children. 2 The powder formulation was associated with significantly less symptoms (night wheeze, night cough, day wheeze, day cough, activity) and bronchodilator intake; and significantly greater weight gain than aerosol therapy. There were no significant differences in morning or evening peak flow measurements on the two treatments. 3 The powder may be more effectively inhaled than the aerosol or the dose of the aerosol may not be large enough.
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PMID:Sodium cromoglycate: spincaps or metered dose aerosol. 678 51

44 children under 2 years of age suffering from recurrent or persistent wheezy bronchitis, completed a double-blind crossover trial comparing nebulised sodium cromoglycate and matching placebo. Analysis showed that treatment response was age-related. Sodium cromoglycate proved significantly superior to placebo in reducing night cough, sleep disturbance, wheeze and activity limitation in the 24 patients aged 12 months and above (mean 17.3) on entry to the study. Whereas no significant differences were observed in the 20 children below 12 months of age (mean 8.3). These findings were confirmed by weekly clinical assessment. Both age groups spent fewer days in hospital during the active treatment period. Final subjective assessments showed that the older age group, parents favoured cromoglycate treatment, whereas in the younger age group, parents favoured placebo, although neither reached statistical significance. Both age groups showed marked placebo response to nebulised water.
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PMID:Nebulised sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of wheezy bronchitis in infants and young children. 681 Apr 23


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