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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a five-day, randomized, double-blind study, the efficacy and safety of a syrup containing a combination of azatadine maleate, pseudoephedrine sulfate, and dextromethorphan hydrobromide (SCH 399 syrup) were compared with those of an expectorant containing the antihistamine diphenhydramine hydrochloride in 60 children with symptoms of the common cold and associated cough. One-half teaspoonful of assigned medication was administered three or four times daily. The severity of signs and symptoms was graded on days 0, 3, and 5. At days 3 and 5, patients treated with SCH 399 experienced a significantly greater degree of relief (P less than 0.001) than did patients treated with the expectorant product. Differences between treatment groups in overall therapeutic response, as evaluated by the physician, were statistically significant (P less than 0.001) at each visit, favoring patients treated with SCH 399. More than 75% of the patients treated with SCH 399 demonstrated an excellent therapeutic response. Tolerance to both study medications was excellent.
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PMID:Therapeutic approaches to the common cold in children. 614 93

Meobentine (sulfate) has antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic activity in canine models. The antiarrhythmic, pharmacokinetic, and adrenergic neuronal blocking effects of meobentine were assessed in 15 patients with chronic, high-frequency ventricular ectopic depolarizations (VEDs). Eleven of the 15 patients had recurrent nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. The patients were given a series of gradually increasing single doses of meobentine; six received oral meobentine and nine had infusions. The antiarrhythmic efficacy of meobentine was assessed by a comparison of arrhythmia frequency during placebo given on days just prior to meobentine. Oral therapy with meobentine at dosages above 20 mg/kg caused diarrhea, and well-tolerated dosages achieved peak concentrations of 0.69 micrograms/ml (range 0.5-1.0 micrograms/ml). Antiarrhythmic activity was seen in only one patient with oral meobentine. In contrast, intravenous infusions (6.75-34.2 mg/kg) achieved concentrations ranging from 1.3-9.8 micrograms/ml. There was a linear relationship between pseudo-steady-state plasma concentrations and dosage, r = 0.82, p less than 0.01. Antiarrhythmic activity was seen in four of nine patients who received intravenous meobentine over a range of concentrations from 2.5-4.5 micrograms/ml. Four patients developed evidence of adrenergic neuronal blockage (loss of the venous reflex response); two at dosages of 16.2 mg/kg, one at 24.3 mg/kg, and one at 34.2 mg/kg. In one individual (24.3 mg/kg), the adrenergic neuronal blockade was associated with an acute episode of shortness of breath, orthopnea, and cough. With intravenous meobentine, there was a linear relationship between dosage and AUC, and the elimination half-life ranged from 11-27 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The antiarrhythmic activity of meobentine sulfate in man. 620 20

A rare case of cough-induced tachyarrhythmia is described. The effectiveness of atropine sulfate, and worsening of the arrhythmia resulting from administration of digitalis, suggests that vagal reflex might be the mechanism responsible for the tachyarrhythmia.
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PMID:Tachyarrhythmia provoked by coughing and other stimuli. 648 28

Within 15 minutes of terminating general anaesthesia, progressive recovery of consciousness, spontaneous ventilation and cough, and limb movements were assessed in 60 young children (age range 0-5 years, mean +/- SEM; 2.83 +/- 0.34; weight 13.86 +/- 0.41 kg). All patients were ASA physical status class I-III, received a standard intravenous induction (atropine 0.02 mg X kg-1, thiopental sodium 5 mg X kg-1, diazepam 0.2 mg X kg-1), were intubated with an orotracheal tube following the administration of metocurine, 0.4 mg X kg-1, and were maintained under general anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen in a 70:30 mixture administered by a T-piece circuit. They were ventilated mechanically to maintain normal blood-oxygen tension and normocarbia. The patients were assessed in three equal groups according to the anaesthetic supplement they received. Group I received intravenous infusions of morphine sulfate (loading dose 60 micrograms X kg-1 administered over 5 minutes followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1. Patients in Groups II and III had 0.5 per cent halothane and 1.0 per cent isoflurane respectively added to the nitrous oxide/oxygen fresh gas mixture rather than morphine sulphate infusions. By the end of the study period, there was no significant difference in the degree of recovery between the morphine and the isoflurane groups but the patients in the halothane group had recovered to a lesser degree. Generally, the patients in the morphine group were awake but not crying, while those in the other two groups were less sedated.
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PMID:Assessment of immediate post-anaesthetic recovery in young children following intravenous morphine infusions, halothane, and isoflurane. 669 77

Guinea pigs were exposed for thirty minutes to a particulate aerosol of sodium lauryl sulfate at concentrations of 17.3, 28.9 and 48.6 mg/m3. The exposure chamber in which individual guinea pigs were exposed was fitted with a microphone to record coughing. As the concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate increased, the combined number and severity of the coughs increased and a fade in the response was also observed with exposure duration. Citric acid, a tussigenic agent commonly used to test antitussive agents was also tested using the same experimental protocol and was found to be about an order of magnitude less potent than sodium lauryl sulfate. This model could be useful in assessing the irritating properties of various aerosols to the tracheo-bronchial tree.
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PMID:Assessment of the cough reflex caused by inhalation of sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid aerosols. 718 14

Untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity. Some features of this disease simulate preeclampsia, which may encourage delivery of the fetus. We report a case of poorly controlled hyperthyroidism associated with generalized seizures, where patient management was directed at a diagnosis of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Although the presence of eclampsia and marked hyperthyroidism is very rare, this case illustrates the importance of aggressive medical management of hyperthyroidism. A 17-year-old gravida was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism at 15 weeks' gestation. At 26 weeks' gestation, she was admitted to the hospital after noting edema of the upper and lower extremities, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and a cough. At admission, she was hypertensive, tachycardic, and dyspneic. The patient was believed to have preeclampsia with pulmonary edema complicated by hyperthyroidism. We initiated magnesium sulfate therapy and administered several bolus doses of hydralazine, with little effect on blood pressure. Oliguria was noted, and a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted. Hours later, generalized seizure activity occurred, and a decision was made for abdominal delivery. Postoperatively, cardiovascular function stabilized. On postoperative day 3, we received the results of the thyroid function tests obtained at admission, which suggested a markedly hyperthyroid condition. Untreated or poorly treated hyperthyroidism may present a clinical picture similar to preeclampsia. In our case, both disease processes coexisted in their severest forms. It is possible, although completely unproven, that a relationship exists between poorly controlled hyperthyroidism and preeclampsia-eclampsia. More importantly, accurate diagnosis of hyperthyroidism should lead to prompt medical or surgical management, thereby decreasing maternal and perinatal morbidity.
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PMID:Hyperthyroidism and seizures during pregnancy. 761 94

A daily diary of respiratory symptoms was collected from the parents of 1,844 school children in six U.S. cities to study the association between ambient air pollution exposures and respiratory illness. A cohort of approximately 300 elementary school children in each of six communities were asked to keep a daily log of the study child's respiratory symptoms for one year. Daily measurements of ambient sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, inhalable particles (PM10), respirable particles (PM2.5), light scattering, and sulfate particles were made, along with integrated 24-h measures of aerosol strong acidity. The analyses were limited to the five warm season months between April and August. Significant associations were found between incidence of coughing symptoms and incidence of lower respiratory symptoms and PM10, and a marginally significant association between upper respiratory symptoms and PM10. There was no evidence that other measures of particulate pollution including aerosol acidity were preferable to PM10 in predicting incidence of respiratory symptoms. Significant associations in single pollutant models were also found between sulfur dioxide or ozone and incidence of cough, and between sulfur dioxide and incidence of lower respiratory symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory symptom reporting in children. 795 46

A 16-year-old male, an industrial high school student working at an ironworks, without a dust mask, began to complain of dry cough and fever several hours after inhalation of stainless steel dusts including 0.1% nickel. A chest X-ray film revealed ground glass shadows, patchy shadows and Kerley B lines in the right lung fields. A high resolution chest CT scan showed fusing panlobular densities, thickening of bronchial walls and thickening of interlobular septa. Blood cells counts revealed leucocytosis with eosinophilia. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia. A bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen showed a marked increase in the total cell count and in eosinophils. A transbronchial biopsy specimen showed eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration in the alveolar septa. Steroid therapy with methylpredonisolne (250 mg x three days) resulted in clinical remission. As we suspected nickel-induced eosinophilic pneumonia, an inhalation provocation test with 0.5% nickel sulfate solution was carried out with the patient's informed consent. Six hours after inhalation he developed a dry cough and fever with leucocytosis and A-aDo2 widening. The positive results of the inhalation provocation test provided a definite diagnosis of nickel induced eosinophilic pneumonia. A review of the world literature revealed three case reports of nickel induced PIE syndrome, all of whom were clinically diagnosed without biopsy however. We believe that this is the first case diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy-proven tissue eosinophilia and a positive nickel inhalation provocation test.
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PMID:[A case of eosinophilic pneumonia caused by inhalation of nickel dusts]. 808 5

An 8-month-old Labrador Retriever was examined because of a 1-month history of productive coughing unresponsive to ampicillin treatment. Larvae of Crenosoma vulpis were found in fecal samples examined by zinc sulfate centrifugation and Baermann technique. Physical examination abnormalities or larvae in fecal samples were not detected 6 weeks after treatment with prednisone (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, for 7 days, then 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 48 h, for 8 days) and fenbendazole granules (50 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, for 3 days). This report suggests that fenbendazole may be effective for treating Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs.
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PMID:Use of fenbendazole for treatment of Crenosoma vulpis infection in a dog. 849 6

We examined the respiratory health effects of exposure to acidic air pollution among 13,369 white children 8 to 12 years old from 24 communities in the United States and Canada between 1988 and 1991. Each child's parent or guardian completed a questionnaire. Air quality and meteorology were measured in each community for a 1-year period. We used a two-stage logistic regression model to analyze the data, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of sex, history of allergies, parental asthma, parental education, and current smoking in the home. Children living in the community with the highest levels of particle strong acidity were significantly more likely [odds ratio (OR) = 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.48] to report at least one episode of bronchitis in the past year compared to children living in the least-polluted community. Fine particulate sulfate was also associated with higher reporting of bronchitis (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.12-2.42). No other respiratory symptoms were significantly higher in association with any of the air pollutants of interest. No sensitive subgroups were identified. Reported bronchitis, but neither asthma, wheeze, cough, nor phlegm, were associated with levels of particle strong acidity for these children living in a nonurban environment.
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PMID:Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: respiratory symptoms. 874 37


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